biotic relationships (by jing jie, zong wei, kai xuan, dionne)
TRANSCRIPT
Biotic Relationships
Done By:Jing JieZong WeiKai Xuan
Dionne
Commensalism
ParasitismMutualism
Predator and Prey+
Predator - Prey
• What?
• interaction between two organisms of different species: the predator captures and feeds on the prey
• Importance?
• to maintain balance among different species
• absence of prey would result in no predators
• without predators, a species of prey would drive other species to extinction
• Adaptations…
• prey: increases their chances of survival (weaker and smaller than predator)
• predator: make finding and capturing prey easier (carnivorous / omnivorous)
• Examples…
Predator - Prey
Lynx (predator) and Hare (prey)
Hawk (predator) and Vole (prey)
Tiger (predator) and Blesbuck (prey)
Heron (predator) and Fish (prey)
Mutualism
• What?
• a relationship where two organisms benefit
• Types...
• resource-resource: trade resource for resource
• resource-service: trade resource for service
• service-service: trade service for service
Mutualism
• Examples…
• ants and aphids
• ants feed on the sugary fluid released by the aphids, and the aphids are protected by the ants
• fungi and plant roots
• plant gives the fungi carbohydrates in exchange for phosphate
Ants feeding on the
Sugary Fluid among the
Aphids
Fungi Growing on the Roots of a Tree
Commensalism
• What?
• interaction between two organisms of different species: where one side benefits while the other does not suffer or have any benefits
Commensalism
• Examples…
• remora, a sucker-fish, and sharks or other larger fish
• the remora attaches itself to the shark and benefits from the shark's protection
• obtains food from the scraps formed as the shark eats
Remora Attached to a Nurse Shark
Remora Attached to the
Bottom of a Manta Ray
Parasitism
• What?
• relationship between two species of organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other
• Types…
• animal-animal
• plant-plant
• animal-plant
Parasitism
• Example…
• head louse (Pediculus humanus) and humans
• feeds on human blood and multiplies quickly by laying eggs on the head
• brood parasitism
• manipulation of host individuals to raise their young
Head Louse Living in a Person’s Hair
An Egg from a DIfferent
Species of Birds, placed in the
Nest of a Different
Species of Birds
Plants
• Mutualism in plants…
• occurs between plants and fungi that colonise their roots
• fungi germinate from spores in the soil which grow out from the root, gathering essential mineral nutrients and transporting them into the plant
• the plant provides carbohydrates as food for the fungus
Fungi Growing on the Roots of a Tree
Plants
• Commensalism in plants…
• occurs between plants and moss or ferns that grow on them
• moss and ferns grows on other plants to reach towards the sunlight and take shelter if needed
• this does not harm the plant
Spanish Moss
grows on other
Plants
Stag Horn Fern
grows on trees
• Credits:
• www.biologyreference.com
• www.ehow.com
• http://insects.about.com
• http://animals.about.com
Thank you for Listening!