Bioremediation of BTEX Bioremediation of BTEX CompoundsCompounds

CE 679CE 679Adv. Water and Wastewater TreatmentAdv. Water and Wastewater Treatment

By: Zach MaruskaBy: Zach Maruska

December 10, 2007December 10, 2007

OutlineOutline

• IntroductionIntroduction

• Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

• AlternativesAlternatives

• Preliminary DesignPreliminary Design

• ConclusionsConclusions

IntroductionIntroduction

• What is BTEX?What is BTEX?

• BenzeneBenzene

• TolueneToluene

• EthylbenzeneEthylbenzene

• XyleneXylene

Why is BTEX a Concern?Why is BTEX a Concern?

• VolatileVolatile

• Relatively water solubleRelatively water soluble

Technical Outreach Services for Communities

ObjectivesObjectives

• BTEX remediation alternativesBTEX remediation alternatives•In situ vs. ex situIn situ vs. ex situ

• Design the selected alternativeDesign the selected alternative•Oxygen or other nutrients needed for Oxygen or other nutrients needed for degradationdegradation

Treatment AlternativesTreatment Alternatives

• Ex SituEx Situ•Pump and treatPump and treat•More controlMore control•CostlyCostly

• In SituIn Situ•Injection pointsInjection points•Additional nutrientsAdditional nutrients

Aeration conditionsAeration conditions

• AerobicAerobic•Higher costsHigher costs•Shorter treatment timeShorter treatment time

• AnaerobicAnaerobic•Low initial costLow initial cost•Typically lower O&M costsTypically lower O&M costs•Longer treatment timeLonger treatment time

Design AlternativeDesign Alternative

• In situ remediation of BTEXIn situ remediation of BTEX•Less costlyLess costly

• AerobicAerobic •Shorter treatment timeShorter treatment time•Oxygen Release Compound (ORCOxygen Release Compound (ORC®®)*)*

*Regenesis*Regenesis

Oxygen Release CompoundOxygen Release Compound

•When hydrated, ORCWhen hydrated, ORC®® releases Oreleases O22

•Releases OReleases O22 for up to one for up to one

yearyear

•Controlled Release Controlled Release Technology avoids foamingTechnology avoids foaming

ORC® produced by Regenesis

ORCORC®® Advantages Advantages

• Aerobic conditions without O&M Aerobic conditions without O&M costscosts

• Controlled release of oxygenControlled release of oxygen

• Long-term source of oxygenLong-term source of oxygen

• Clean, non-disruptive applicationClean, non-disruptive application

• No harmful by-productsNo harmful by-products

ORCORC®® Considerations Considerations

• ORCORC®® vs. ORC Advanced vs. ORC Advanced®®

•Both Provide Oxygen Both Provide Oxygen

•ORC Releases 10% of its weight as OORC Releases 10% of its weight as O22

•ORC Adv. Releases 17% of its weight as OORC Adv. Releases 17% of its weight as O22

•ORC Adv. is an oxidizing compoundORC Adv. is an oxidizing compound•More Hazards Associated with ORC Adv.More Hazards Associated with ORC Adv.

Design ParametersDesign Parameters

• Site ParametersSite Parameters• 30’ x 60’ x 10’30’ x 60’ x 10’• Porosity of Soil = 0.35Porosity of Soil = 0.35• Concentrations of BTEX compoundsConcentrations of BTEX compounds

• 5 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, & 8 mg/L 5 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, & 8 mg/L (respectively)(respectively)

•Total Concentration = 20 mg/LTotal Concentration = 20 mg/L

• Source has been stoppedSource has been stopped

BTEX DegradationBTEX Degradation

• StoichiometryStoichiometry•Benzene – CBenzene – C66HH66 + 7.5O + 7.5O22 6CO 6CO22 + 3H + 3H22OO

•Toluene – CToluene – C77HH88 + 9O + 9O22 7CO 7CO22 + 4H + 4H22OO

•Ethylbenzene – CEthylbenzene – C88HH1010 + 10.5O + 10.5O22 8CO 8CO22 + 5H + 5H22OO

•Xylene – CXylene – C88HH1010 + 10.5O + 10.5O22 8CO 8CO22 + 5H + 5H22OO

• OO22 requirements requirements

• Approximately 3.13 g OApproximately 3.13 g O22/g BTEX/g BTEX

DesignDesign

• Concentration of BTEX = 20 mg/LConcentration of BTEX = 20 mg/L

• 62.5 mg O62.5 mg O22/L/L

• ORC releases 10% of its weight as OORC releases 10% of its weight as O22

• 625 mg ORC/L625 mg ORC/L

• 1,250 mg ORC/L (with F.S. = 2)1,250 mg ORC/L (with F.S. = 2)

Site LayoutSite Layout

DesignDesign

• 5-ft Radius For Injection Points5-ft Radius For Injection Points

• 37 Injection Points37 Injection Points

• 7800 L of Water per Injection Point7800 L of Water per Injection Point

• 9.6 kg of ORC9.6 kg of ORC®® per Injection Point per Injection Point

• 800 lbs of ORC800 lbs of ORC®® Required Required

• $8,000 for ORC$8,000 for ORC®®

ConclusionsConclusions

• In Situ is more cost effectiveIn Situ is more cost effective

• Aerobic will allow faster remediationAerobic will allow faster remediation

• Oxygen Release Compound (ORCOxygen Release Compound (ORC®®) ) eliminates the need for above ground eliminates the need for above ground pipingpiping

• ORCORC®® is a cost effective alternative for is a cost effective alternative for aerobic biodegradation of BTEXaerobic biodegradation of BTEX

ReferencesReferences

Attra, Kevin. Attra, Kevin. Environmental Analysis of BTEX Compounds in Environmental Analysis of BTEX Compounds in Soil, Water and Sludge by GC/PIDSoil, Water and Sludge by GC/PID..

Phelps, Craig D., L. Y. Young, (1998). Phelps, Craig D., L. Y. Young, (1998). Anaerobic Anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and gasoline in various biodegradation of BTEX and gasoline in various aquatic aquatic sediments. sediments. Biodegradation, 10, 15-25.Biodegradation, 10, 15-25.

Regenesis, Advanced Technologies for Groundwater Regenesis, Advanced Technologies for Groundwater Resources, (2006). www.regenesis.com.Resources, (2006). www.regenesis.com.

Tiehm, A., S. Schulze, (2003). Tiehm, A., S. Schulze, (2003). Intrinsic Aromatic Intrinsic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation for Groundwater Hydrocarbon Biodegradation for Groundwater Remediation. Remediation. Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Vol. 58, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 449-462.No. 4, pp. 449-462.

TOSC Environmental Briefs for Citizens. TOSC Environmental Briefs for Citizens. BTEX BTEX Contamination.Contamination.

Questions?Questions?

Thank you!Thank you!