bioplastics - fabrieken voor de toekomst

BIOPLASTICS

-ACCELERATED BY CIRCULAR ECONOMY?

PROF. DR. IR. PETER RAGAERT

Slim verpakkenHuis van de Voeding, Roeselare

November 7th 2017

PACK4FOODSTRUCTURE

©Pack4Food - 2017

INDUSTRY RESEARCH INST ITUTES

PACK4FOODACTIVIT IES

PACK4FOODTHEMES

www.Pack4Food.be

WHERE DO BIOPLASTICS FIT IN?

©Pack4Food - 2017

Biobased?

Compostable? Oxodegradable?

Recyclable?Renewable?

Biodegradable?

Closed loop?

Sustainable?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOPLASTICS?

©Pack4Food - 2017

Source: World Economic Forum, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, The New Plastics Economy —Rethinking the future of plastics (2016, http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications)

CIRCULAR ECONOM Y

PACKAGE EUROPE

• recycling 65% of municipal waste by 2030

• Recycling 75% of packaging waste by 2030

• Reduce landfill to maximum 10% of municipal waste by 2030

http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications)

DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS

©Pack4Food - 2017

Biobased

Non-compostable

Compostable

Non-biobased

Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,

…

PLA, starch, cellophane,

PHA,…

PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…

PBAT, PVA,…

Conventional plastics are:

Based on crude-oil derivatives

Non-compostable

Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany


©Pack4Food - 2017

Non-compostable Compostable


…



PHA,…

PBAT, PVA,…

Compostable plastics FOCUS ON END-OF-LIFE

Bioplastics are:


Biobased

Non-biobased


©Pack4Food - 2017

Biobased



…


PHA,…


PBAT, PVA,…

Produced from renewable resources FOCUS ON RESOURCES

Non-biobased©Pack4Food 2017

Bioplastics are:



©Pack4Food - 2017



…


PHA,…


PBAT, PVA,…

BOTH from renewable resources and compostable


Bioplastics are:Biobased



©Pack4Food - 2017



…


PHA,…


PBAT, PVA,…

BOTH from renewable resources and compostable


Bioplastics are:Biobased


Produced from renewable resources FOCUS ON RESOURCES

Compostable plastics FOCUS ON END-OF-LIFE

BIOPLASTICS

► Standards laid down in EN 13432

► Criteria

COMPOSTABILITY

©Pack4Food - 2017

1. Organic content (> 50%), limits on heavy metals2. Compost quality (+ ecotoxicity tests)

3. Biological degradation @ 60°C (90 % in 6 months)

4. Desintegration @60°C(90 % in 12 weeks)

3. Biological degradation @ 20°C - 30°C (90% in 12 months)

4. Desintegration @20°C - 30°C(90% in 6 months)

Industrial compostability Home compostability

BIOPLASTICS

► Standards laid down in EN 16785-1

► Based on percentage of biobased content in plastics

► Example of logo: indications with stars

► 1 star: 20 – 40% biobased content

► 2 stars: 40 – 60% biobased content

► 3 stars: 60 – 80% biobased content

► 4 stars: > 80% biobased content

BIOBASED

©Pack4Food - 2017

BIOPLASTICS

► Starch-based

PACKAGING EXAMPLES

©Pack4Food - 2017

Photo: European Bioplastics

Winner 11th European

Bioplastics Award 2016:

collaboration between

Mars, Rodenburg,

Taghleef, Mondi

BIOPLASTICS

► Cellulose-based

PACKAGING EXAMPLES

©Pack4Food - 2017

Photo: European Bioplastics

Source: Be_Natural

Source: BastinPack

Source: Ter Beke

BIOPLASTICS

► Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)

PACKAGING EXAMPLES

©Pack4Food - 2017

Source: Bioplastics Magazine

Source: European Bioplastics

Source: Activia

Source: BASF

Ecovio®

Source: https://peeze.nl/koffie/koffiecups/

https://peeze.nl/koffie/koffiecups/

BIOPLASTICS

► Bio-PE

PACKAGING EXAMPLES

©Pack4Food - 2017

► Bio-PET

Source: Tetra Pak Source: Coca-Cola

Source: Segers & Balcaen

BIOPLASTICS

► PHBV-trays + fibers

► Resource of PHBV: wastestream

of olive oil industry

EXAMPLES OF DEVELOPMENTS

©Pack4Food - 2017

Source: EcoBioCAP and foodproductiondaily.com

► PEF

► From biobased ethyleneglycol and biobased FDCA

► Replacement of PET?

PET

PEF

PERFORMANCE OF BIOPLASTICS

©Pack4Food - 2017


…


…

PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,

…

PBAT, PVA,…

Biobased

Non-

compostableCompostable

Non-biobased

Same

performance

Performance?

“Drop-ins” “new bioplastics”

PERFORMANCE OF BIOPLASTICSGAS AND WATER BARRIER?

©Pack4Food - 2017

Peelman et al. (2013). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 32, 128-141

M ODIF IED ATM OSPHERE PACKAGING

POSSIBLE

BIOPLASTICSCAPACITY

©Pack4Food - 2017

Source: European Bioplastics, Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, nova-Institute (2016) More information: www.bio-based.eu/markets and www.european-bioplastics.org/market

http://www.bio-based.eu/markets

http://www.european-bioplastics.org/market

CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS

► Price bioplastics vs price conventional plastics

►Who bears the extra costs? Consumer vs company?

►Too low production capacities?

►Too low demand?

►Evolution of financial contribution to put bioplastics on the market compared to conventional plastics?

©Pack4Food - 2017


► Price: biobased vs compostability

►Added value of a compostable packaging with a through benefit could justify higher price (e.g. compostable coffee capsules)

►Added value of ‘just being biobased’ at this moment too low to justify higher price unless

► Better technical performance (e.g. PEF as alternative for PET, PLA as alternative for PS)

► Being with the pioneers of biobased materials (e.g. Coca-Cola, Mars, Danone,…)

©Pack4Food - 2017


► Need for legislative framework?

► Influence of increased attention for circular economy?

► Influence of decisions to ban certain conventional plastic materials (e.g. shopping bags)?

©Pack4Food - 2017


►Resources for bioplastics►Agricultural products

►Sidestreams and wastestreams of (food) industry

Guaranteed supply of bioplastics packaging?

Multiple suppliers for a certain bioplastics material?

►Environmental impact of bioplastics compared to►Conventional plastics (crude-oil based)?

►Other types of packaging materials (e.g. glas, metal, cardboard)?

Need for well-designed LCA-studies

©Pack4Food - 2017


► ‘Drop-ins’ vs ‘new bioplastics’

►Not all bioplastics are compostable

►How to communicate towards consumers?

►Faster increase in drop-ins could lead to a delay in composting facilities allowing bioplastics

► Increase in drop-ins possibly further stimulated by known characteristics and processability

► No uniform or easy-to-understand labels

©Pack4Food - 2017

PACK4FOOD

► Coupure Links 653B-9000 Gent

► 09/[email protected]

► www.Pack4Food.be

INNOVATION IN PACKAGING

Thank youfor your attention!

bioplastics - fabrieken voor de toekomst

Documents