biomes (land)
TRANSCRIPT
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Land Biomes
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Land Biomes
Biome- geographic areas that have similar climates and ecosystems
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Land BiomesThe 6 most common biomes are:
• Tundra• Taiga• Temperate Deciduous Forest• Tropical Rain Forest• Grassland (Prairie, Tropical
Savanna, Chapparal)• Desert
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Land Biomes
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TundraFound in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia
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Tundra – “The Cold Desert”• Found at latitudes
around the North Pole• Less than 25 cm
precipitation yearly• Very cold year round
(-40ºC in winter)• Cold, dry, treeless
region
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Tundra –“The Land of the
Midnight Sun”
• Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight
• Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day
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Tundra-
• Soil is poor
• Permafrost–Layer of permanently frozen soil
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Plants of the TundraTundra plants are resistant to
drought and coldExamples:• Reindeer moss (a lichen!)• Lichens• True mosses• Grasses• Small shrubs and flowers
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Plants of the Tundra• Reindeer moss – It’s a lichen!
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Plants of the Tundra• Lichens
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Plants of the Tundra• Lichen
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Plants of the Tundra• True Mosses
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Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers
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Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers
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Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers
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Plants of the Tundra• Grasses
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Animals of the TundraMany animals of the tundra migrate
there during the short summer
Examples:• Biting insects• Snowy owls• Arctic hares
•Caribou•Musk oxen•Lemmings
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Animals of the Tundra• Biting insects
Mosquito Blackfly
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Animals of the Tundra• Snowy owl
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Animals of the Tundra• Arctic hare
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Animals of the Tundra• Caribou – “Reindeer”
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Animals of the Tundra• Musk oxen
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Animals of the Tundra• Lemmings
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Animals of the Tundra• Lemmings
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Taiga or Coniferous ForestFound in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia
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Taiga or Coniferous Forest
• World’s largest land biome
• Latitudes between 50ºN and 60ºN
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Taiga-
• Warmer and wetter than the Tundra
• Winters are long and cold
• 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow)
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Plants of the TaigaThere is no permafrost, so trees can
grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor.
Examples:• Cone-bearing Evergreen trees
– Firs– Spruces– Pines
–Hemlocks –Cedars
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Plants of the Taiga• Fir tree
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Plants of the Taiga• Spruce tree
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Plants of the Taiga• Hemlock tree
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Plants of the Taiga• Liverwort (a moss)
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Plants of the Taiga• Mosses
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Animals of the TaigaMany animals live in the Taiga.
Examples:• Moose• Black Bear• Lynx• Wolves
•Badgers•Wolverines•Ermines •Deer
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Animals of the Taiga• Moose
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Animals of the Taiga• Black bear
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Animals of the Taiga• Lynx
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Animals of the Taiga• Wolf
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Animals of the Taiga• Badger
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Animals of the Taiga• Wolverine
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Temperate Deciduous ForestFound in Europe, the eastern part of
the U.S.A., and China
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Found below 50ºN latitude
• 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons
• Below freezing in winter to 30ºC in summer
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Layers of vegetation– Canopy– Understory– Forest floor
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Layers of Vegetation
Canopy- tree tops that shade the ground below
Understory- shrub layer
Forest floor- dark and moist layer of dead leaves, twigs, and seeds
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Layers of Vegetation
Canopy
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Layers of Vegetation
Understory
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Layers of Vegetation
Forest floor
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Life in the Temperate Deciduous Forest
The mild climate and rich soil of the temperate deciduous forest supports a wide variety of plant and animal life.
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
Plant life is abundant.Examples:•Oak trees•Hickory trees•Maple trees
•Shrubs •Wildflowers•Ferns
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Oak tree
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Hickory tree
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Maple tree
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Shrubs (Azalea)
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Shrubs (Holly)
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Wildflowers
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Wildflowers
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Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Ferns
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
Animal life is diverse.Examples:•Deer•Foxes•Snakes •Bears
•Birds•Raccoons•Amphibians•Small mammals
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Deer
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Fox
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Snakes (Eastern Garter Snake)
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Snakes (Copperhead)
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Black bear
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Birds (Bald Eagle)
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Birds (Barn Owl)
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•BirdsWoodpeckerCardinal
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Raccoon
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Amphibians Wood frog Leopard Frog
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Amphibians Spotted Salamander Jefferson Salamander
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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest
•Small MammalsField Mouse Squirrel
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Tropical Rain ForestFound near the equator in Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Found near the equator
• 200 to 225 cm precipitation yearly
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Hot and humid all year
• Temperatures are fairly constant around 25ºC
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Soil is nutrient poor and acidic
• Most plants have shallow roots
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Tropical Rain Forest Layers of Vegetation
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Life in the Tropical Rain Forest
The tropical rain forest is a lush, productive ecosystem containing more than half of all the species that live on Earth.
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
A rain forest may contain more than 700 species of trees and over 1000 species of flowering plants.Examples:•Mahogany trees•Bromeliads and orchids•Giant ferns•Many flowering plants
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Mahogany tree
Notice how the roots rise above the ground to help support this giant tree!
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Bromeliads
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Orchids
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Giant ferns
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Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Flowering plants
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
The rain forest is home to a huge number of animals.Examples:•Monkeys•Exotic birds•Snakes•Sloths
•Bats•Insects•Large cats•Exotic mammals
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Monkeys
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Exotic birdsToucan Parrots
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest•Exotic birdsCockatoo Hummingbird
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Snakes (Anaconda)
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest•SnakesAlbino Ball Python Green Mamba
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Sloths
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Bat (Fruit bat)
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•InsectsButterfly Beetle
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Large Cats (Jaguar)
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Large Cats (Sumatran Tiger)
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Large Cat (Ocelot)
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Exotic mammalsPaca Peccary
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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest
•Exotic mammalsAgouti Nutria
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Tropical Savanna
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Characteristics of the Savanna
• Tropical, rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees
• Not enough rainfall to support forests
• Long dry winter with 4” rainfall and rainy summer with 15 – 50 inches of rainfall annually
• 90oF in dry season; 70oF in summer• Clay and sand mixed soils
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Savanna Producers
•Tall, wild grasses
•Acacia trees
•Small shrubs
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Savanna Consumers• Large herbivores such
as antelope, gazelles, giraffes, elephants, zebras, wildebeests
• Large carnivores such as lions, hyenas, and leopards
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Animals of the African Grassland
•Gazelle
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Animals of the African Grassland
•Wildebeest
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Animals of the African Grassland
•Lion
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Animals of the African Grassland
•Elephant
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Animals of the African Grassland
•Giraffe
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Grassland - Prairie“The Bread Basket of the World”
Found on every continent.
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GrasslandGrasslands are known by many names.U.S.A. – Prairie or Plains•Asia – Steppe•South America – Pampas•Africa –Veldt or Savanna•Australia - Savanna
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Grassland
• Wet seasons followed by a season of drought
• 25 to 75 cm precipitation yearly
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Grassland
• The soil is rich and fertile.
• The grass has extensive root systems, called sod.
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Plants of the GrasslandGrassland regions of the world are important farming areas. Cereal and grains grow here.Examples:•Wheat•Rye•Barley•Corn
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Plants of the Grassland
•Wheat
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Plants of the Grassland
•Rye
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Plants of the Grassland
•Barley
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Plants of the Grassland
•Corn
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Animals of the Grassland
The most noticeable animals in grassland ecosystems are usually grazing mammals.
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Animals of the American Grassland
•Bison
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Animals of the American Grassland
•Prairie Dog
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Animals of the American Grassland
•Pronghorn
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Animals of the American Grassland
•Coyote
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Animals of the Australian Grassland
•Long Nosed Bandicoot
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Animals of the Australian Grassland
•Wallaby
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Animals of the Australian Grassland
•Wombat
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Chapparal (Scrub)
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Chapparal Characteristics
• Cross between a grassland and a forest• May contain mountain slopes and
plains• Hot, dry summers and mild winters• Average winter temperature ~ 46oF• Average summer temperature ~ 72oF• Annual rainfall 15 - 40 inches• Nutrient poor soil with low moisture
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Chapparal OrganismsProducers
• Trees such as oak
• Shrubs with thick waxy coverings to conserve water
Consumers• Aardvark• Coyotes• Lynx• Chipmunks
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Chapparals
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Animals of the Australian GrasslandAustralian grassland animals are marsupials
•Kangaroo
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DesertFound on every continent.The driest biome on Earth
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Desert
• Extreme temperatures- Very hot during the day and cool at night
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Desert
• Very little rainfall
• Less than25 cm precipitation yearly
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Desert
• The soil ranges from gravel to sand.
• Soil is nutrient poor.
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Plants of the DesertDesert plants have evolved adaptations to help them survive in the extreme temperatures and dryness of this biome.
Examples:•Cactus•Mesquite•Joshua trees
•Wildflowers•Creosote
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Plants of the Desert•Cactus
Saguaro Prickly Pear
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Plants of the Desert
•Mesquite
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Plants of the Desert
•Joshua tree
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Plants of the Desert
•Wildflowers
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Plants of the Desert
•Creosote
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Animals of the DesertThe animals of the desert are adapted to the hot temperatures. Examples:•Lizards•Camels•Snakes•Scorpions
•Kangaroo rat•Gila Monster•Predatory birds•Tarantula
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Animals of the Desert•LizardsDesert Iguana Frilled Lizard
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Animals of the Desert•Camel
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Animals of the Desert•SnakesDiamondback Rattlesnake Sidewinder
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Animals of the Desert
•Scorpion
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Animals of the Desert•Kangaroo rat
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Animals of the Desert
•Gila Monster
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Animals of the Desert•Predatory birdsGreat Horned Owl Kestrel
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Animals of the Desert
•Tarantula
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