biomass gasification and pyrolysis 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis:Opportunities for Large-Scale Technologies
Harvesting Clean Energy Conference
February 9, 2010
Dr. Don Stevens
509 372 4603
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Gasification and Pyrolysis:The Opportunities Moving Forward
Increasing interest in liquid biofuels fortransportation
Policy factors:
EISA and other legislation
Department of Energy research
Focus:
Increasing interest in infrastructurecompatible hydrocarbon fuels
Potential interest in high-efficiencyelectricity generation technologies
Implications:Larger facilities (~500 2000 tpd) to achieveeconomies of scale
Leveraging of existing energy infrastructure.
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Biomass Gasification for Liquid Fuels
FeedstockInterface
GasificationGas Cleanup&
Conditioning
Fuel Synthesis
Products
By-products
Partial OxidationPressurized OxygenIndirect/SteamTechnical Feasibility ofSyngas Quality
Particulate removalCatalytic Reforming
TarsBenzene
Light HydrocarbonsMethaneS, N, Cl mitigationCO2 removalH2/CO adjustment
SeparationsFor Recycle -to improve yields
FeedstockInterface
GasificationGas Cleanup&
Conditioning
Fuel Synthesis
Products
By-products
Size ReductionStorage & HandlingDe-wateringDrying
Partial OxidationPressurized OxygenIndirect/SteamTechnical Feasibility ofSyngas Quality
Particulate removalCatalytic Reforming
TarsBenzene
Light HydrocarbonsMethaneS, N, Cl mitigationCO2 removalH2/CO adjustment
SeparationsFor Recycle -to improve yields
AlcoholsGasolineGreen Diesel
FT Liquids
More robust catalystsHigher catalyst yields
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Primary Issues: 1) cleaning raw syngas; 2) efficiently making liquid fuels
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Gasification for Liquid Fuels:Commercial Development
Several DOE pilot and demo projects areunderway
Commercial Scale EPACT Section 932
Range FuelsFuel product: ethanol and other alcohols
Construction is underway in Soperton, GA
Up to 26 M gal/y
Demonstration Scale facilities
Flambeau River & New PageFuel product: FT diesel
Detailed designs underway, WisconsinUp to ~ 6 M gal/y each
Other Recent DOE awards:
Clear fuels, Haldor Topsoe, ZeaChem, Enerkem,INEOS use a variety of approaches
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National Research Program on Biomass
Gasification: PNNL is Actively Involved
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Focus: 1) improve the gasification process; 2) remove contaminants;
3) improve fuel synthesis
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Pyrolysis Oil Stabilization and Upgrading
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Pyrolysis
Potential for distributed bio-oil production thatalso uses economies of scale for processing:
Produce bio-oil near the resourceConvert the bio-oil at a larger central site
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Bio-oil:Upgrading Requirement Determined by the End Use
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Pyrolysis Bio-Oil: Technical Challenges
Bio-oil is chemically different that petroleum
Stabilization and upgradingCant directly use existing petroleum processing approaches
Can potentially leverage the petroleum industry infrastructure
Bio-oil Petroleum
Moisture 15-25 wt% < 0.1%
Acidity (TAN) > 100 < 1
Elemental O 35-45% < 1%
Stability Months Years
PyrolysisOil
Heavyfractio
n
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Biomass Pyrolysis Can Leverage ExistingInfrastructure
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BiomassRefinery-ReadyIntermediates
Finished Fuels andBlendstocks
ResearchAreas
Research
Areas
Existing Refinery
Infrastructure
Atmosphericand
Vac
uumDistillation
Gas
L Naphtha
H Naphtha
LGO
VGO
Atm. Res.
Vac. Res.
Reform
FCC
Alky/Poly
HT/HC
Coker
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Diesel Fuel
Crude
Oil
Drop-In Fuels
Drop in
Point #1:
Pyrolysis
Oil
Drop in
Point #3:
Fuels
Blendstock
Drop in
Point #2:
Stable Oil
Drop in Points 1&2 require different tax policies than Point 3
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The State of Pyrolysis Technology
Bio-oil is being producedcommercially
Ensyn
100 t/d capacity facility (Ottawa)
Product currently used for foodflavorings
Several smaller-scale, near-commercial demo plants
Stabilization and upgradingtechnologies entering demo stage
UOP, others
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5 tpd facility at VTT, Finland
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PNNLs Research Program on BiomassPyrolysis:
O: 40% 0.02%
PNNL is using its catalyst expertise to develop
technologies that produce gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.
Before After
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Progress: 100% Renewable Jet
The hydroplane ran on 98% Bio-SPK and 2% renewable aromatics
Jet A1Spec
StartingSPK
Woody Pyrolysis OilAromatics
Freeze Point (oC) -47 -63 -53
Flash Point (oC) 39 42 52
Density (g/mL) 0.775 0.753 0.863
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PNNL: Two Consortia on Advanced Biofuels
Awards:National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC)
Focus: Hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass
National Association of Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (NAABB)
Focus: Algal-based biofuels
Goals:Develop innovative pathways to infrastructure compatible, biomass-
based hydrocarbon fuelsDetails:
Competitive proposals awarded in January 2010
Total value of approximately $75 million over three years
Both Consortia have numerous industry, lab, and university partnersGasification and pyrolysis are part of both
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Thank You!
Acknowledgement: