Biomass and WasteGasification and Fast Pyrolysis

Ilkka HiltunenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd

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Biofuels and Bioenergy R&D at VTT

Circulatingfluidised bed

CCS (option)Supercriticalsteam(Option)

Power,heat &cooling

COMBUSTION

GasificationGASCLEANINGto syngas

SYNTHESIS FuelsChemicals

Fuel gas

GASIFICATION

BoilersKilnsEngines

Thermal orcatalytic fastPyrolysis PRODUCT

UPGRADINGGasolineDiesel, jet fuel

FAST PYROLYSIS Power,heat &cooling

Fuel oil

CFD MODELLING PROCESS CONCEPT EVALUATION

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Oil

Coal

Biomass

Waste/SRF

GASIFICATION800 – 1400° C

O2AIR

STEAM

Wide FeedstockBasis

High-QualityFinal Products

SYNGAS(CO + H2)

FUEL GAS

FT-diesel fuelMethanol, DMEGasoline, jet-fuelHydrogenSynthetic methaneChemicals

Industrial kilnsco-firing in boilersGas turbinesEnginesFuel cells

Biomass gasification todifferent Final Products

GAS

CLEANING

426/08/2014

R & D on Hot GasFiltration andCatalytic Gas

CleaningIGCC development

SYNGAS R&D AT VTT• Concept development for biofuels• Gasification process development

• Support to industrial demonstrations• Improved process conceptsin 2G Biofuels project 2012->

INDUSTRIALPILOT

• VARKAUS• CHICAGO

NEW APPLICATIONS• New gasification systems• Fuel cells, 2nd gen. IGCC• Hydrogen, synthetic methane,

Chemicals• Hybrid Renewable Systems• Material Recovery from Waste

BIOMASS/WASTEGASIFICATION FOR POWER

PIONEERING DEMO’S: LAHTI,CORENSO,VÄRNAMO

Gasification testsIn USA and Germany +

Supporting R&Dat VTT for Oulu

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201985 2025 2030

BIOREFINERIES AT PULP AND PAPERMILLS AND AT LARGE CHP PLANTS• FT-Diesel or methanol 50-200 ktons / plant•Gasoline, SNG, H2 or olefins in the next phase

PEATAMMONIA

PLANTOULU/FINLAND

19805 p-years

199015 p-years

201520 p-years

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS ANDCO-FIRING IN COAL BOILERS• Corenso 2001, Lahti II 2012, Vaasa 2013• High electric efficiency, material recovery• Replacement of coal by biomass-derived gas

as part of thermochemical fuel conversionactivities of ca. 100 p-years

(combustion, gasification, synthesis, pyrolysis)

BIOMASS-TO-POWER PLANTS• Small-scale CHP by gas engines 0.1-5 MW• IGCC plants 30-150 MW

Bioneer Gasifierfor Small-scale

VTTresources

Biomass and Waste Gasificationfrom R&D to industrial success

ReferencesOperational plant

Waste receivingand pre-handling

CFB gasifier 2x80 MW fuelwith candle filters

New Bio-Gas fired power boilerwith an air quality control system

Product gas from wastefor power production

Existing PC boilerBiomass receivingand pre-handling

Large-scalebelt dryer

CFB gasifier140 MW fuel

Product gas for power boilersThe Vaskiluoto 2 power plant

20155 © Valmet

Source: Juhani Isaksson, Valmet Technologies Oyj,2015 Gasification Technologies Conference, 11-14 October 2015, Colorado Springs, US

Source: Jarno Haapakoski, Volter Ltd

Output: Generator output 40kW, thermal 100kWFuel: Wood chips (birch, spruce, pine, aspen)Fuel moisture: <18%Particle size: >80% between 16-50mm, >60% between 30-50mm,

≤9% 50-63mm, all below 63mm. ≤1% below 3,2mmFuel consumption: ca. 4,5 m3 of chips/24h at 100% power level

Volter 40 Indoor

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Fast Pyrolysis Concepts and Products

Pyrolysis HydrotreatmentBiomass

Bio-Oil 1TransportationFuels

Heating

CatalyticPyrolysis HydrotreatmentBiomass

Bio-Oil 2TransportationFuels

Electricity

Fast Pyrolysis for Bio-Fuel Oil - Scale-Up

SCALE-UP 2004 - 2015o ENSYN IN CANADAo BTG IN MALAYSIAo VALMET 2008-o FORTUM DEMONSTRATION 2014o BTG DEMONSTRATION 2015

FIRST EUROPEAN PILOTS 1994-2000o TWO CANADIAN, ONE FINNISH TECHNOLOGYo CONTINUOUS OPERATION VERIFIEDo OPERATED BY EUROPEAN UTILITIES

EARLY FAST PYROLYSISBENCH-SCALEo CANADA, USAo IEA BIOENERGY ASSESSMENTS

FORTUM DEMONSTRATION - JOENSUU, FINLAND

2000 20051980 199519901985 20152010

ENEL, BASTARDO, ITALY

FORTUM, PORVOO, FINLAND

IEA BIOENERGYCOLLABORATION VALMET, TAMPERE, FINLAND

UNION FENOSA,SPAIN

Bio-oil capacity 30 MWAnnual production 50 000 t, 210 GWhStart-up 2013Feedstock Forest residues, sawdust

Fortum Joensuu: an Integrated Bio-Oil Demonstration Plant

Fuel receiving, dryingand crushing

Reactor and pyrolysis oilrecovery inside the boilerbuilding

101026/08/2014

CHPand replacing

fossil fuels

CHPand replacing

fossil fuels

Preliminaryprocessconceptevaluation

Bench-scaledevelopmentand testing

Processmodelingandfeasibilityanalysis

Pilot-scaledevelopmentand processverification

Innovativesolutionsand basis forindustrialrealisation

Fuels &Chemicals

Fuels &Chemicals

Feedstockcharacterisation

VTT Thermochemical platform– Gasification & Fast Pyrolysis

NEW ERA

12

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