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Biology EOCT ReviewPART II

Milton High School

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At a crime scene, detectives collected strands of hair and dusted surfaces to gather fingerprints. Forensic scientists compared the fingerprints using the computer database and analyzed the DNA in the hair. What characteristics of fingerprints and DNA help police solve the crime?

A. Fingerprints and DNA can show the sex of the individual.B. Both DNA and fingerprints are unique to an individual.C. The state of fingerprints and DNA can show what time the crime

occurred.D. Fingerprints and DNA tell whether the person is young or old.

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At a crime scene, detectives collected strands of hair and dusted surfaces to gather fingerprints. Forensic scientists compared the fingerprints using the computer database and analyzed the DNA in the hair. What characteristics of fingerprints and DNA help police solve the crime?

A. Fingerprints and DNA can show the sex of the individual.B. Both DNA and fingerprints are unique to an individual.C. The state of fingerprints and DNA can show what time the crime

occurred.D. Fingerprints and DNA tell whether the person is young or old.

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Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things

A. Would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymesB. Would happen too rapidly to support cellular processesC. Would happen, only with different reactantsD. Would happen too slowly to support cellular processes

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Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things

A. Would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymesB. Would happen too rapidly to support cellular processesC. Would happen, only with different reactantsD. Would happen too slowly to support cellular processes

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Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates in cells?

A. Energy sourcesB. CatalystsC. Structural materialsD. Cellular identification

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Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates in cells?

A. Energy sourcesB. CatalystsC. Structural materialsD. Cellular identification

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The function of nucleic acids is

A. Assisting in chemical reactions in cellsB. Storing and transmitting cellular informationC. Storing energy for cellsD. Providing structure to the nucleus of cells

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The function of nucleic acids is

A. Assisting in chemical reactions in cellsB. Storing and transmitting cellular informationC. Storing energy for cellsD. Providing structure to the nucleus of cells

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Which of the following helps plant cells remain rigid?

A. Cell membraneB. NucleusC. ChloroplastD. Central vacuole

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Which of the following helps plant cells remain rigid?

A. Cell membraneB. NucleusC. ChloroplastD. Central vacuole

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In what level is there the least energy available?

A. ProducersB. Primary consumerC. Secondary consumerD. Tertiary consumer

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In what level is there the least energy available?

A. ProducersB. Primary consumerC. Secondary consumerD. Tertiary consumer

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Which vital substance is produced by the mitochondrion?

A. ProteinB. DNAC. ATPD. Water

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Which vital substance is produced by the mitochondrion?

A. ProteinB. DNAC. ATPD. Water

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What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

A. Eukaryotic cellB. Prokaryotic cellC. Viral cellD. Plant cell

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What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

A. Eukaryotic cellB. Prokaryotic cellC. Viral cellD. Plant cell

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Which of the following is not a property of all living cells?

A. Are composed of chemical elementsB. Are the basic unit of function of living thingsC. Come from other cellsD. Are indistinguishable from viruses

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Which of the following is not a property of all living cells?

A. Are composed of chemical elementsB. Are the basic unit of function of living thingsC. Come from other cellsD. Are indistinguishable from viruses

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What is the main difference between cells in unicellular organisms and cells in in multi-cellular organisms?

A. Cells in multi-cellular organisms are specialized to perform only certain tasks.

B. Cells in unicellular organisms are organized into tissues and organs.

C. Cells in unicellular organisms divide at a faster rate than cells in multi-cellular organisms.

D. Cells in multi-cellular organisms contain only half of the genetic material as cells in unicellular organisms.

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What is the main difference between cells in unicellular organisms and cells in in multi-cellular organisms?

A. Cells in multi-cellular organisms are specialized to perform only certain tasks.

B. Cells in unicellular organisms are organized into tissues and organs.

C. Cells in unicellular organisms divide at a faster rate than cells in multi-cellular organisms.

D. Cells in multi-cellular organisms contain only half of the genetic material as cells in unicellular organisms.

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Which of the following does not describe a function of the cell membrane?

A. Cell membranes maintain homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

B. The cell membrane contains many different proteins that enable a cell to detect and respond to its surroundings.

C. The cell membrane participates in both active and passive transport.

D. The cell membrane aids in both mitosis and meiosis.

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Which of the following does not describe a function of the cell membrane?

A. Cell membranes maintain homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

B. The cell membrane contains many different proteins that enable a cell to detect and respond to its surroundings.

C. The cell membrane participates in both active and passive transport.

D. The cell membrane aids in both mitosis and meiosis.

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What cell structure identifies a cell as eukaryotic?

A. Cell membraneB. DNAC. NucleusD. Ribosome

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What cell structure identifies a cell as eukaryotic?

A. Cell membraneB. DNAC. NucleusD. Ribosome

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Speckled (Bb) Dark Brown (BB) Light Brown (bb)

The population of crabs living on a sandy beach exhibits three colors: dark brown, light brown, and speckled. The genotypes of these colors are BB for dark brown, bb for light brown, and Bb for speckled. The speckled color blends in extremely well with the color of the sand on the beach. The pattern appears to provide the speckled crabs with some protection from predatory birds. Based on your knowledge of natural selection and the information above, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

A. Only the speckled crabs will survive and all of the offspring will be speckled.B. The allele for light brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating light

brown crabs.C. The allele for dark brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating dark

brown crabs.D. Both allele for dark brown and the allele for light brown will continue to be passed on

in the crab population.

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Speckled (Bb) Dark Brown (BB) Light Brown (bb)

The population of crabs living on a sandy beach exhibits three colors: dark brown, light brown, and speckled. The genotypes of these colors are BB for dark brown, bb for light brown, and Bb for speckled. The speckled color blends in extremely well with the color of the sand on the beach. The pattern appears to provide the speckled crabs with some protection from predatory birds. Based on your knowledge of natural selection and the information above, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

A. Only the speckled crabs will survive and all of the offspring will be speckled.B. The allele for light brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating light

brown crabs.C. The allele for dark brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating dark

brown crabs.D. Both allele for dark brown and the allele for light brown will continue to be passed on

in the crab population.

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3 4

Meiosis allows for genetic variation of offspring because parental alleles can be combined in different ways. A Punnett square shows how parental alleles can combine. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two rabbits. Black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). What would be the phenotype of the offspring indicated by Box 3?

A. BrownB. Mixture of brown and blackC. BlackD. The phenotype cannot be determined.

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1 2

3 4

Meiosis allows for genetic variation of offspring because parental alleles can be combined in different ways. A Punnett square shows how parental alleles can combine. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two rabbits. Black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). What would be the phenotype of the offspring indicated by Box 3?

A. BrownB. Mixture of brown and blackC. BlackD. The phenotype cannot be determined.

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Variation within organisms within a species increases the chance that a species will survive changing conditions. What kind of reproduction produces the most variation within a species?

A. Asexual reproductionB. BuddingC. ParthenogenesisD. Sexual reproduction

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Variation within organisms within a species increases the chance that a species will survive changing conditions. What kind of reproduction produces the most variation within a species?

A. Asexual reproductionB. BuddingC. ParthenogenesisD. Sexual reproduction

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Which statement explains why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent?

A. A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis, producing offspring cells that have both parents’ DNA.

B. A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing offspring cells that have only half of the parent’s DNA.

C. Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to produce a diploid individual.

D. Cells that parents undergo mitosis, producing offspring cells that meet up during fertilization to produce an individual with half of each parent’s DNA.

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Which statement explains why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent?

A. A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis, producing offspring cells that have both parents’ DNA.

B. A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing offspring cells that have only half of the parent’s DNA.

C. Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to produce a diploid individual.

D. Cells that parents undergo mitosis, producing offspring cells that meet up during fertilization to produce an individual with half of each parent’s DNA.

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If a speckled crab (Bb) were crossed with another speckled crab (Bb), what are the chances that their offspring would have a heterozygous genotype?

A. 0%B. 50%C. 75%D. 100%

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If a speckled crab (Bb) were crossed with another speckled crab (Bb), what are the chances that their offspring would have a heterozygous genotype?

A. 0%B. 50%C. 75%D. 100%

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For a certain plant, purple flowers (P) are dominant, and white flowers (p) are recessive. A homozygous purple plant is crossed with a homozygous white plant. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

A. pp onlyB. PP onlyC. Pp onlyD. PP, pp, and Pp

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For a certain plant, purple flowers (P) are dominant, and white flowers (p) are recessive. A homozygous purple plant is crossed with a homozygous white plant. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

A. pp onlyB. PP onlyC. Pp onlyD. PP, pp, and Pp

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RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the base thymine is replaced by

A. alanineB. adenineC. uracilD. cytosine

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RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the base thymine is replaced by

A. alanineB. adenineC. uracilD. cytosine

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What is the major source of new alleles in natural populations?

A. Mutations in somatic cellsB. Mutations in sex cellsC. Adaptations in individual organismsD. Trait selection by natural selection

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What is the major source of new alleles in natural populations?

A. Mutations in somatic cellsB. Mutations in sex cellsC. Adaptations in individual organismsD. Trait selection by natural selection

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Carl Linnaeus’s system of classification was based on his judgment of the importance of various similarities among living things. Scientists have traditionally used similarities in appearance and structure to group organisms. However, this approach has proven problematic. Identify one way that this approach could be problematic.

A. Some groups look different and are not related.B. Some groups look similar but are not closely related.C. Some groups look different but are related.D. There is not consistent relationship between structures

and relatedness.

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Carl Linnaeus’s system of classification was based on his judgment of the importance of various similarities among living things. Scientists have traditionally used similarities in appearance and structure to group organisms. However, this approach has proven problematic. Identify one way that this approach could be problematic.

A. Some groups look different and are not related.B. Some groups look similar but are not closely related.C. Some groups look different but are related.D. There is not consistent relationship between structures

and relatedness.

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Jackrabbits live in warm environments in the southwestern United States. They have short hair and long ears that help them radiate heat. What would most likely happen to the jackrabbit population if the environment slowly began to cool?

A. The jackrabbit population would migrate farther north.B. The jackrabbit population would definitely become extinct.C. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have longer,

wider ears.D. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have thicker coat

and hair.

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Jackrabbits live in warm environments in the southwestern United States. They have short hair and long ears that help them radiate heat. What would most likely happen to the jackrabbit population if the environment slowly began to cool?

A. The jackrabbit population would migrate farther north.B. The jackrabbit population would definitely become extinct.C. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have longer,

wider ears.D. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have thicker coat

and hair.

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Which of the following statements identifies the characteristics of fungi?

A. Fungi are heterotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.B. Fungi are autotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.C. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have hollow bodies.D. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.

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Which of the following statements identifies the characteristics of fungi?

A. Fungi are heterotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.B. Fungi are autotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.C. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have hollow bodies.D. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.

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All protists

A. Are parasitesB. Move toward the lightC. Have a true nucleusD. Use flagella to move

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All protists

A. Are parasitesB. Move toward the lightC. Have a true nucleusD. Use flagella to move

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Which terrestrial biome is characterized by high precipitation, relatively infertile soil, heavily forested land, and high levels of biodiversity?

A. Temperate deciduous forestB. TaigaC. Tropical rain forestD. Savanna

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Which terrestrial biome is characterized by high precipitation, relatively infertile soil, heavily forested land, and high levels of biodiversity?

A. Temperate deciduous forestB. TaigaC. Tropical rain forestD. Savanna

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Enzymes are catalysts. What is the role of a catalyst?

A. Provides extra energy for a reactionB. Lowers the activation energy of a reactionC. Eliminates the activation energy of a reactionD. Only allows irreversible reactions to happen

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Enzymes are catalysts. What is the role of a catalyst?

A. Provides extra energy for a reactionB. Lowers the activation energy of a reactionC. Eliminates the activation energy of a reactionD. Only allows irreversible reactions to happen

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How are viruses different from living organisms?

A. Viruses have not DNA or RNAB. Viruses use host cell parts to reproduceC. Viruses contain no proteinsD. Viruses can be killed by antibiotics

Influenza virus

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How are viruses different from living organisms?

A. Viruses have not DNA or RNAB. Viruses use host cell parts to reproduceC. Viruses contain no proteinsD. Viruses can be killed by antibiotics

Influenza virus

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Water movement into and out of cells is of prime importance to all living things. The organism in the figure has star-shaped organelles called contractile vacuoles to move water from inside to outside the cell.

How does water move into the organism?

A. Through the ciliaB. By osmosisC. By capillary actionD. Through the mouth pore

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Water movement into and out of cells is of prime importance to all living things. The organism in the figure has star-shaped organelles called contractile vacuoles to move water from inside to outside the cell.

How does water move into the organism?

A. Through the ciliaB. By osmosisC. By capillary actionD. Through the mouth pore

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Modern classification systems

A. Are based solely on structural characteristics of organismsB. Are based on evolutionary relationships as well as similar

characteristicsC. Are based on similar behaviors among organismsD. Are based solely on evolutionary relationships between

organisms

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Modern classification systems

A. Are based solely on structural characteristics of organismsB. Are based on evolutionary relationships as well as similar

characteristicsC. Are based on similar behaviors among organismsD. Are based solely on evolutionary relationships between

organisms

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When significant climate change happens on Earth, which of the following is most likely?

A. The destruction of Earth’s ecosystemsB. Changes in Earth’s ecosystemsC. A halt in the appearance of new speciesD. Overpopulation of bacteria

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When significant climate change happens on Earth, which of the following is most likely?

A. The destruction of Earth’s ecosystemsB. Changes in Earth’s ecosystemsC. A halt in the appearance of new speciesD. Overpopulation of bacteria

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The role of chloroplasts in plant cells is to

A. Store water and nutrientsB. Support and protect the cellC. Use light energy to make carbohydratesD. Make proteins

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The role of chloroplasts in plant cells is to

A. Store water and nutrientsB. Support and protect the cellC. Use light energy to make carbohydratesD. Make proteins

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The single-celled organism above uses a whip-like flagellum to move. The organism has a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane. The

organism also has chloroplasts and a cell wall.

To which kingdom does the organism belong?

A. AnimaliaB. EubacteriaC. PlantaeD. Protista

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The single-celled organism above uses a whip-like flagellum to move. The organism has a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane. The

organism also has chloroplasts and a cell wall.

To which kingdom does the organism belong?

A. AnimaliaB. EubacteriaC. PlantaeD. Protista

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Why does the human body require carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

A. The body uses these nutrients to synthesize inorganic compounds.B. The body uses these vitamins to synthesize and maintain bones and

nerves.C. The body uses these nutrients to synthesize organic compounds and

maintain life processes.D. The body uses these inorganic compounds to maintain life processes

and reproduce.

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Why does the human body require carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

A. The body uses these nutrients to synthesize inorganic compounds.B. The body uses these vitamins to synthesize and maintain bones and

nerves.C. The body uses these nutrients to synthesize organic compounds and

maintain life processes.D. The body uses these inorganic compounds to maintain life processes

and reproduce.

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What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

A. Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.B. Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic

disorders.C. Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from

their parents.D. Meiosis ensures that offspring will have identical phenotypes to

their parents.

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What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

A. Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.B. Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic

disorders.C. Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from

their parents.D. Meiosis ensures that offspring will have identical phenotypes to

their parents.

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Lakshay places a bunch of grapes in a bowl of plain water and a second bunch of grapes in a bowl of salt water. After an hour, the grapes in the plain water are swollen, whereas the grapes in the saltwater are shriveled. What cellular process caused the grapes to shrivel?

A. OsmosisB. ExocytosisC. Active transportD. Diffusion

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Lakshay places a bunch of grapes in a bowl of plain water and a second bunch of grapes in a bowl of salt water. After an hour, the grapes in the plain water are swollen, whereas the grapes in the saltwater are shriveled. What cellular process caused the grapes to shrivel?

A. OsmosisB. ExocytosisC. Active transportD. Diffusion

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Based on your knowledge of succession, which of the following communities would be the most stable over time?

A. A field of ferns and grassesB. Bare rock and lichenC. A maple forest after a fireD. A mature pine forest

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Based on your knowledge of succession, which of the following communities would be the most stable over time?

A. A field of ferns and grassesB. Bare rock and lichenC. A maple forest after a fireD. A mature pine forest

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Carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis. Why is carbon dioxide also considered an air pollutant?

A. Too much carbon dioxide can lead to cancer in humans.B. Carbon dioxide is responsible for changes in the ozone layer.C. Carbon dioxide can mix with other gases to form ozone.D. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause undesirable

changes in climate.

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Carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis. Why is carbon dioxide also considered an air pollutant?

A. Too much carbon dioxide can lead to cancer in humans.B. Carbon dioxide is responsible for changes in the ozone layer.C. Carbon dioxide can mix with other gases to form ozone.D. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause undesirable

changes in climate.