biology 323 human anatomy for biology majors lecture 12 dr. stuart s. sumida
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Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 12 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Respiratory System: Development, Structure, Mechanics. Trachea is a tubular outgrowth of the embryonic gut. Begins as a bud in pharynx floor. Each fork is called a primary bronchus . GERM LAYER DERIVATIONS - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Biology 323Human Anatomy for Biology MajorsLecture 12Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
Respiratory System: Development, Structure,
Mechanics
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Trachea is a tubular outgrowth of the embryonic gut.
Begins as a bud in pharynx floor.
Each fork is called a primary bronchus.
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GERM LAYER DERIVATIONS
As outgrowths of pharynx, lung lining is derived from endoderm.
Cartilagenous support of bronchi is derived from visceral arch skeleton. Therefore, from NEURAL CREST.
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costal
- lies against ribs
diaphragmatic
- lies against diaphragm.
mediastinal
- lies against mediastinum
cervical
- lies against root of neck
Parietal pleura lines the structures which surround the pleural sacs. Each part of the parietal pleura is named for its association
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Each lung has rounded (blunt) posterior and sharp anterior margins Each lung has a base and apex.
anterior margins
right lung left lung
posterior margin
posterior margin
base
apex
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The oblique fissure crosses the 5th interspace and ends at 6th costochondral junction
Note positions of clavicles and ribs relative to lungs.
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The horizontal fissure begins posterolaterally at the oblique fissure and passes deep to the 5th rib.
Note positions of scapulae and costal recess relative to lungs.
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The bronchial tree can be visualized on x-ray by allowing a constrast medium to spread along the bronchial walls
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The trachea bifurcates into main bronchi at about the level of T4 A midline upward-projecting cartilage (carina) is a good endoscopic landmark
carina
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INNERVATION OF THE LUNG:
Sympathetic: from sympathetic levels T1-6 with synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in paravertebral ganglia T2-5; dilation of bronchi and blood vessels.
Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve (X); constriction of bronchi and blood vessels.
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AUTONOMIC FIBER PLACEMENT:Sympathetic – “Thoracolumbar” (T1-L2)Parasympathetic = “Cranio-sacral” (Cnn III, VII, IX, X; S2-4
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