Biology 2 Midterm Review

Miller and Levine

Which scientist observed variations in the characteristics of animals and plants on the different islands of the Galapagos?

• James Hutton• Charles Darwin• Charles Lyell• Thomas Malthus

Charles Darwin

In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of

ancient organisms called _______.

• homologous structures• adaptations• fossils• vestigial organs

fossils

Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be

incorrect?• acquired characteristics can be inherited

• all species were descended from other species• living things change over time• organisms are adapted to their

environment

Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as __________.

• natural variation• natural selection• fitness• adaptation

natural variation

Which would an animal breeder use to produce cows that give more milk?

• overproduction• genetic isolation• acquired characteristics• artificial selection

artificial selection

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in

its specific environment is called a(an) _______.

• vestigial organ• speciation• adaptation• radiation

adaptation

The concept that each living species has descended, with changes, from other

species over time is called ____.

• descent with modifications• artificial selection• theory of acquired characteristics• natural selection

descent with modifications

Fitness is a result of ______.

• adaptations• common descent• homologies• variation

adaptations

Which of the following is an important concept in Darwin’s theory by natural selection?

• struggle for existence• survival of the fittest• descent with modification• all of the above

all of the above

A farmer’s use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of _____

• natural selection• artificial selection• common descent• fitness

artificial selection

Please complete 11 -18 of the review.

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a

_______

• gene pool• phenotype• niche• population

gene pool

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its _____.

• gene pool• fitness• polygenic• speciation

fitness

Traits that are controlled by more than one gene, such as human height, are known as

______

• single-gene traits• recessive traits• polygenic traits• dominant traits

polygenic traits

The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or large individuals is called ______

• disruptive selection• stabilizing selection• directional selection• genetic drift

stabilizing selection

The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called

___

• stabilizing selection• disruptive selection• directional selection• the founder effect

directional selection

A change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup

of a population is called ___• natural selection• the Hardy-Weinberg principle• the founder effect• genetic equilibrium

the founder effect

A group of individuals that interbreed and have fertile offspring make up a __

• gene pool• species• population• genetic drift

species

The evolution of Darwin’s finches is an example of _________.

• equilibrium• stabilizing selection• speciation• artificial selection

speciation

In a certain population, disruptive selection is occurring. In this population,

which is most likely to survive?

• organisms with average traits• organisms with extreme traits• organisms that are small• none of the above

organisms with extreme traits

What type of selection does this graph show?

Woolybeasts with long snouts tend to survive better on an island that has burrowing termites. Over time, the woolybeast population consists of

individuals with extremely long snouts. This is an example of:

• disruptive selection• stabilizing selection• random selection• directional selection

Speciation occurs when ______.

• population becomes geographically isolated• a population becomes temporally

isolated• a population becomes behaviorally

isolated• all of the above

When two species reproduce at different times, it is called ______

• speciation• geographic isolation• temporal isolation• genetic drift

temporal isolation

A situation in which a population’s allele frequencies remain relatively constant is called

____

• polygenic traits• a gene pool• fitness• genetic equilibrium

genetic equilibrium

Does this graph show artificial, disruptive, directional or stabilizing selection?

Which graph shows single gene trait and polygenic trait?

Sedimentary rocks form when layers of small particles are compressed __.

• in the atmosphere• in mountains• in a snowy field• under water

under water

Radioactive dating of rock samples ____

• is a method of absolute dating• is a method of relative dating• forms a geologic column• forms a geologic time scale

is a method of absolute dating

Half life is the length of time required for half the atoms in a radioactive sample to

__.

• double• expand• decay• be created

decay

Earth’s first atmosphere contained little or no ________.

• hydrogen cyanide• nitrogen• hydrogen sulfide• oxygen

oxygen

In Miller and Urey’s experiments with the origin of life, electric sparks were passed

through a mixture of gases to ____

• simulate temperature• sterilize the gases• simulate sunlight• simulate lightning

simulate lightning

Which type of event occurred around 65 million years ago?

• coevolution• punctuated equilibrium• mass extinction• convergent evolution

mass extinction

The process that produces a similar appearance among unrelated groups of

organisms is ______• coevolution• punctuated equilibrium• mass extinction• convergent evolution

coevolution

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is ___

• anatomy• botany• taxonomy• paleontology

taxonomy

From its name, you know that Panthera tigris must be ____.

• a plant• an animal• in the genus tigris• in the genus Panthera

in the genus Panthera

In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into __.

• classes• phyla• families• genus

classes

The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories is the _____.

• phylum• kingdom• order• species

kingdom

Which of the following shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?

• taxon• domain• binomial nomenclature• cladogram

cladogram

The three domains are _____.

• Animalia,Plantae, Archaebacteria• Plantae, Fungi, Eubacteria• Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya• Protista, Bacteria, Animalia

Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya

A kingdom that includes only heterotrophs is ______

• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Eubacteria

Fungi

All members of the domain Bacteria __________

• have eukaryotic cells• are multicellular• have cell walls containing lipids• are prokaryotic

are prokaryotic

Mushrooms, yeast and molds have been placed in their own kingdom, called ____.

• Fungi• Protista• Eubacteria• Plantae

Fungi