biology 1111k lecture 2. slide 2 - particles slide 3 – particle charge
TRANSCRIPT
Biology 1111K
Lecture 2
Slide 2 - particles
Slide 3 – particle charge
Slide 4 – Atomic symbols
Element Atomic symbol
Hydrogen H
Carbon C
Potassium K
Magnesium Mg
Calcium Ca
Slide 5 – atomic mass or weight
Element Atomic mass
Carbon 12
Nitrogen 14
Oxygen 16
Slide 6 – atomic number
Slide 7 – periodic table
Slide 8 - isotope
Slide 9 – carbon 14
Slide 10 – C 14 half-life sample
Time (Y) Isotope Amount Element Amount
0 C14 20 N14 0
1500 C14 17.5 N14 2.5
3000 C14 15 N14 5
6000 C14 10 N14 10
Slide 11 – energy
Slide 12 – stored energy
Slide 13 – electron shells
Slide 14 – electron shells
Slide 15 – octet rule
Slide 16 – chemical formulas
H2O – water - 2 hydrogen and one oxygen
CO2 – carbon dioxide - 1 carbon, 2 oxygen
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid – 2 hydrogen, one sulfur, and four oxygen
HCl – hydrochloric acid – one hydrogen, one chlorine
Slide 17 – chemical equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
Slide 18 - compound
Slide 19 – electron donor and acceptor
Slide 20 - ions
Slide 21 – covalent bonding – non-polar
Slide 22 – polar covalent bonding
Slide 23 – hydrogen bonding
Slide 24 – shape of molecules
Slide 25 – acids and bases
Acids – molecules that dissociates in water and releases hydrogen ions (H+). When dissociation is complete, the acid is called a strong acid.
HCl H+ and OH-
H2SO4 H+ and HSO4-
Bases – molecules that either takes up hydrogen ions (H+) or releases hydroxide ions (OH-). When dissociation is complete, the base is known as a strong base.
NaOH Na + and OH –
Pure water is neutral since in its rare ionic form it gives off equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
H2O H+ and OH-
Slide 26 – pH scale
Slide 27 – carbonic acid - buffer
Slide 28 – inorganic vs. organic molecules
Inorganic molecule Organic molecule
Usually contains positive and negative ions Always contains carbon and hydrogen
Usually ionic bonding Covalent bonding
Contains small numbers of atoms Large numbers of atoms
Associates with non-living matters Living matters
Slide 29 – functional groups
Slide 30 - isomers
Slide 31 – organic molecules - carbohydrates
Slide 32 – organic molecules - lipids
Slide 33 – organic molecules - proteins
Slide 34 – organic molecules - nucleic acids
Slide 35 – polymers and monomers
Polymer Monomer
Polysaccharide Monosaccharide
Polypeptide Amino acid
Nucleic acid Nucleotide
Slide 36 – condensation synthesis and hydrolysis
Condensation synthesis
Hydrolysis
Slide 37 – carbohydrates and monosaccharide
Slide 38 – ribose and deoxyribose sugars
Slide 39 - glycogen
Slide 40 - starch
Slide 41 - cellulose
Slide 42 - chitin
Slide 43 – fats and oils
Slide 44 – glycerol and triglycerides
Slide 45 – waxes
Slide 46 - phospholipids
Slide 47 - steroids
Local Dog Admits Steroid Abuse
Slide 48 – amino acids and proteins
Slide 49 – protein structures
Slide 50 - DNA
Slide 51 – DNA base pairs
Slide 52 – RNA base pairs
Slide 53 – purines and pyrimidine
Pyrimidine Purine
DNA Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
RNA Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Slide 53 - codons
Slide 54 - ATP
Slide 55 – surface volume ratio