Biology 1060Biology 1060Chapter 8Chapter 8

Introduction to MetabolismIntroduction to Metabolism

MetabolismMetabolism

List the kinds of chemical reactions List the kinds of chemical reactions occurring in cells and organismsoccurring in cells and organisms

Define metabolism and discuss how it is Define metabolism and discuss how it is organizedorganized

Differentiate between catabolic and Differentiate between catabolic and anabolic pathways anabolic pathways – Give an example of eachGive an example of each

EnergyEnergy

Define energy and differentiate between Define energy and differentiate between kinetic and potential energy kinetic and potential energy – Give examples of eachGive examples of each

State the first law of thermodynamicsState the first law of thermodynamics– Describe its meaningDescribe its meaning

State the second law of thermodynamicsState the second law of thermodynamics– Describe its meaning using the term entropyDescribe its meaning using the term entropy

Apply these laws to cells and organismsApply these laws to cells and organisms

Free EnergyFree Energy

Define free energyDefine free energy– Discuss the equation allowing its calculationDiscuss the equation allowing its calculation

Relate ? G to spontaneous reactionsRelate ? G to spontaneous reactions

Discuss chemical equilibrium using the Discuss chemical equilibrium using the concept of free energyconcept of free energy

Exergonic and EndergonicExergonic and Endergonic

Define and describe endergonic and Define and describe endergonic and exergonic reactionsexergonic reactions

Discuss metabolismDiscuss metabolism

Explain why a cell’s metabolism never Explain why a cell’s metabolism never reaches equilibriumreaches equilibrium

ATPATP

Describe the three types of work Describe the three types of work performed by the cellperformed by the cell

Define energy couplingDefine energy coupling– Describe the role of ATP in the cellDescribe the role of ATP in the cell

Define phosphorylationDefine phosphorylation– Describe how ATP transfers energyDescribe how ATP transfers energy

Describe the ATP cycleDescribe the ATP cycle

Activation EnergyActivation Energy

Define activation energyDefine activation energy– Describe its importance in chemical reactionsDescribe its importance in chemical reactions

Describe how enzymes function in the cellDescribe how enzymes function in the cell– Explain why this is a more appropriate Explain why this is a more appropriate

mechanism than other ways to lower the mechanism than other ways to lower the activation energy barrieractivation energy barrier

Enzyme SpecificityEnzyme Specificity

Describe how an enzyme functions as a Describe how an enzyme functions as a catalystcatalyst

Describe the changes in the substrate and Describe the changes in the substrate and enzyme as products formenzyme as products form

Discuss the active site and reversible Discuss the active site and reversible reactions catalyzed by an enzymereactions catalyzed by an enzyme

Enzyme ActionEnzyme Action

Discuss how an enzyme helps the reaction Discuss how an enzyme helps the reaction proceedproceed

Name the factors that determine the rate Name the factors that determine the rate of a reaction of a reaction – describe the effect of eachdescribe the effect of each

Discuss the ways in which chemicals may Discuss the ways in which chemicals may inhibit an enzymeinhibit an enzyme

Control of MetabolismControl of Metabolism

Define and describe allosteric regulationDefine and describe allosteric regulation

Define and describe feedback inhibitionDefine and describe feedback inhibition

Discuss how the cell optimizes enzyme Discuss how the cell optimizes enzyme actionaction

Questions Questions p. 159p. 159

Evolution ConnectionEvolution Connection

Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry

Science, Technology, and SocietyScience, Technology, and Society