biological foundation of psychology
TRANSCRIPT
BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF
PSYCHOLOGY
By: Honielyn B. Pantig
NEURON“THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM”
TYPES OF NEURON
SENSORY NEURON
MOTOR NEURON
ASSOCIATION NEURON
HOW NEURON FIRE
LIKE A GUN, NEURONS EITHER FIRE –THAT IS, TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE ALONG THE AXON-OR DON’T FIRE.
ALL-OR NONE LAW-THE RULE THAT NEURONS ARE EITHER ON OR OFF.
RESTING STATE-THE STATE IN WHICH THERE IS A NEGATIVE ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF ABOUT 270 MILLIVOLTS WITHIN A NEURON.
ACTION POTENTIAL-AN ELECTRIC NERVE IMPULSES THAT TRAVELS THROUGH A NEURON WHEN IT IS SET OFF A TRIGGER CHANGING THE NEURON’S CHARGE FROM NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE.
SYNAPES-THE SPACE BETWEEN TWO NEURONS WHERE THE AXON OF A SENDING NEURON COMMUNICATES WITH THE DENTRITES OF A RECEIVING NEURON BY USING CHEMICAL MESSAGES.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS-CHEMICALS THAT CARRY MESSAGES ACROSS THE SYNAPES TO DENTRITE AND SOME TIMES CELL BODY OF A RECEIVER NEURON.
NEUROTRANSMITTERSNAME LOCATION FUNCTION
ACETYLCHOLINE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD,PNS MUSCLE MOVEMENT,COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING(excitatory/inhibitory)
GLUTAMATE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD MEMORY(excitatory)
GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID
BRAIN,SPINAL CORD EATING,AGGRESSION,SLEEPING(inhibitory)
SEROTONIN BRAIN,SPINAL CORD SLEEPING,MOOD,PAINDEPRESSION(inhibitory)
DOPAMINE BRAIN MUSCLES DISORDER,MENTAL DISORDER,PARKINSON’S DISEASE(inhibitory/excitatory)
ENDORPHINS BRAIN,SPINAL CORD PAIN SUPPRESSION,PLEASURE FEELINGS,APPETITES(inhibitory)
BRAIN
FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN
TO IDENTIFY
TO ORGANIZE
TO INTERPRET
TO RESPOND
MAJOR CORES OF THE BRAIN
FORE BRAIN MIDBRAIN HINDBRAIN
The anterior and largest portion of the brain; includes the cerebral hemispheres, the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus, and the corpus callosum.
Function: to control cognitive, sensory and motor function, and regulate temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping and the display of emotions.
The midbrain is the smallest region of the brain that acts as relay station for auditory and visual information.Portions of the midbrain called the red nucleus and the substantia nigra are involved in the control of body movement.
The area of the brain comprising the pons, medulla and cerebellum. Function: to co-ordinate motor activity, posture, equilibrium and sleep patterns and regulate unconscious but essential functions, such as breathing and blood circulation.
CENTRAL CORE-THE OLD BRAIN WHICH CONTROLS BASIC FUNCTIONS SUCH AS EATING AND IS COMMON TO ALL VERTEBRATES.
CEREBRAL CORTEX- THE NEW BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOST SOPHISTICATED INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN.IT ALSO CONTAINS FOUR LOBES
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
Frontal
LIES IN THE MOTOR CORTEX,INVOLVES IN DECISION MAKING,PLANNING,AND CARRYING OUT BEHAVIOR,RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.
DAMAGE: INABILITY OF GOOD CHOICES AND RECOGNIZED CONSEQUENCE
CAN CAUSE INCREASE IRRITABILITY.
CHANGE IN MOOD AND INABILTY TO REGULATE BEHAVIOR
INVOLVES IN PROCESSING SENSORY INFORMATION FROM THE BODY,SUCH AS TOUCHING,LOCATING POSITION OF LIMBS,FEELING TEMPERATURE AND PAIN.
DAMAGE:THE ABILITY TO MULTITASK IS REDUCE OR ELIMINATED,RECOGNITION OF RIGHT AND LEFT
DAMAGE NEGLECT
Parietal
Temporal
PRIMARY LOCATION OF AUDITORY AREA,INVOLVES IN APPRECIATION OF SOUNDS AND SPOKEN LANGUAGE.
RESPONSIBLE FOR LEARNING,MEMORY AND HEARING
DAMAGE:INABILITY TO PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT THEY SEE AND HEAR
INABILITY TO COMPREHEND LANGUAGE
IMPAIRED MEMEORY
EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE
PROSOPAGNOSIA
Occipital
INVOLVES IN PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION,WHICH INCLUDES SEEING COLORS AND PERCIEVING AND RECOGNIZING OBJECTS,ANIMALS AND PEOPLE.
DAMAGE:LOSE OF VISUAL CAPABILITY
INABILITY TO IDENTIFY COLOR
HALLUCINATION
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
HYPOTHALAMUS
THALAMUS
PITUTARY GLAND
RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING BASIC BIOLOGICAL NEEDS:HUNGER,THRIST,
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
RELAY CENTER FOR CORTEX,HANDLES INCOMING AND OUTGOING SIGNALS.
MASTER GLAND REGULATES OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
MEDULLA
PONS
CEREBELLUM
CORPUS CALLOSUM
RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS SUCH AS BREATHING AND CIRCULATION.
INVOLVES IN SLEEP AND AROUSAL.
CONTROLS BODILY BALANCE.
BRIDGE OF FIBERS PASSING INFORMATIONBETWEEN THE TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHRES
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF RIGHT AND LEFT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
LEFT HEMISPHERE
RIGHT HAND TOUCH SPEECH LANGUAGE WRITING LOGIC MATH SCIENCE
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
LEFT HAND TOUCH SPATIAL
CONSTRUCTION CREATIVE THINKING FANTASY ART AND MUSIC
APPRECIATION
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK THAT SENDS MESSAGES THOUGHOUT THE BODY VIA THE BLOOD STREAM.
HORMONES-CHEMICALS THAT CIRCULATE THROUGH THE BLOOD STREAM AND REGULATE THE FUNCTIONING OR GROWTH OF THE BODY.
PITUITARY GLAND-THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WHICH SECRETES HORMONES THAT CONTROL GROWTH AND THE OTHER PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYTEM.
MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND PARATHYROID GLAND THYROID GLAND THYMUS ADRENAL GLAND PANCREAS
OVARY TESTES
HOMEOSTASIS GROWTH METABOLIC RATE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
INSULIN AND GLUCAGON,CONTROLS SUGAR METABOLISM
PROMOTE MALE/FEMALE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS.
MAJOR PROCESSES CONTROLLED BY HORMONES
REPRODUCTION
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
MOBILIZING THE BODY AGAINST STRESSORS
MAINTAINING ELECTROLYTE,WATER,NUTRIENT BALANCE OF THE BLOOD
METABOLISM