Biofuels: Unlocking the PotentialBiofuels: Unlocking the Potential

© 2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved.

The International Conference on BiorefineryOctober 6-7, 2009Syracuse, New York

Jennifer HolmgrenUOP LLC

Jennifer HolmgrenUOP LLC

UOP Overview

• Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries.

• UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the world’s gasoline; 85% of the world’s biodegradable detergents; 60% of the world’s para-xylene.

• 3400 employees worldwide.• 2008 Financials: $1.9 billion in sales. • Strong relationships with leading refining and

petrochemical customers worldwide.• UOP’s innovations enabled lead removal from

gasoline, the production of biodegradable detergents, the first commercial catalytic converter for automobiles.

Biofuels: Next in a Series of Sustainable Solutions

2003 National Medal of Technology Recipient

Agenda

Global ContextOur VisionTechnology SolutionsLife Cycle AnalysisSummary

Source: IEA, 2008

Global energy demand is expected to grow at CAGR 1.6%.

–Primary Energy diversity will become increasingly important over this period with coal, natural gas & renewables playing bigger roles.

Fossil fuels are expected to supply 83% of energy and 95% of liquid transportation needsBiofuels are expected to grow at 8-12%/year to ~2.0 MBPD

Macromarket Summary: Through 2015

Petroleum Refining Context

Refining: ~100 years~750 refineries~85M BBL of crude refined daily~50M BBL transport fuels; ~6M BBL of aviation fuel (~250 M gallons/day; 90 B gallons/year)Complex but efficient conversionprocesses

Massive ScaleTechnology Evolution Expected

Prod

uct T

reat

ing

Ble

ndin

g

Fuel Gas

GasolineJet

Diesels

HeatingOils

Geases

Fuel Oil

LPG SolventsFuels

Lube Oils

Asphalts

Lube OilProduction

Hydrogen Production/Purification/Recovery

Gas-to-Liquids

Natural Gas

Fuel, Wax

Natural Gas, Fuel Oil

H2

Plant Upgrades& Revamps

Plant Maintenance/

Reliability/Safety

EnergyConservation &

Management(Power

Production)

EnvironmentalControls

SolventExtraction &Deasphalting

Gas OilHydrotreating

Light DistillateHydrotreating

Heavy DistillateHydrotreating

NaphthaHydrotreating

Light OlefinsProduction

AromaticsProduction BTXH2

H2

H2

Vacu

um D

istilla

tion

VisbreakingVacuum Resid

Diesel

Gas Oil

Lube Oils

Heavy Fuel OilAsphalt

Syngas/Steam

ElectricityCoke

Kerosene and Jet Fuels

Diesel and Heating Oils

Gasoline, Naphtha, Middle Distillates, Gasoline

Gasoline

Distillates

Reformate

Diesel and Heating Oil

Fluid CatalyticCracking

Hydrocracking

Crud

e Oil D

istilla

tion

(Top

ping

)

Heavy Distillate

Light Distillates

H2

Naphtha

H2

AtmosphericGas Oil

H2

CatalyticReforming

H2

Etherification

Gas ProcessingUnit

Light Ends

Light NaphthaIsomerate

LPG

Sulfur Plant Sulfur

Iso-octaneProduction

Gasification

Iso-octane

Crude Treating& Desalting

Crude Oil

Latest RefiningTechnology

Development & Licensing

Butane-Butylene

Alcohol Isobutane

Butane

Alkylation

Alkylate

Flue Gas

Isomerization

Coking

Biofuels: A Quickly Changing Landscape

All biofuels are goodMore, fasterNo criteria to measure impact of adopting biofuelsAvailability of “inexpensive” bio feedstocksGovernment mandates and incentives favor ethanol and biodiesel

Not all biofuels are goodConcern for food chain impact & competition for land/waterMeasured biofuel adoptionUtilization of LCA analysis to “qualify”: link to GHG, energy, sustainabilityBio feedstocks tracking energy pricesGovernment mandates/ incentives increasingly technology neutralEmphasis on “real”biofuels

2007

Emphasis on life cycle analysis as a way of measuring “sustainability”Ensure technology is feedstock flexibleFocus on 2nd

generation technologiesCreate partnerships between feedstock suppliers and fuel producers

Increasing Awareness of Potential Impact

2008

UOP Position

2009Credit Crisis: Stimulus focused on Green Tech

“Other” Oils: Camelina, Jatropha, Halophytes

Our Biofuels Vision• Produce real “drop-in” fuels instead of fuel additives/blends• Leverage existing refining/ transportation infrastructure to lower capital

costs, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk• Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks

Lignocellulosic biomass,algal oils

Second Generation

Oxygenated Biofuels

BiodieselEthanol

FirstGeneration

Natural oils(vegetables, greases)

Hydrocarbon Biofuels

JetDiesel GasolineFuel & PowerFuel & Power

Renewable Energy

BiofuelsSustainability

SustainabilitySustainability

UncompromisedProduct QualityUncompromisedProduct Quality

Life CyclesLife Cycles

EmissionsEmissions

Vehicle FleetVehicle Fleet

TechnologyTechnology

LignocellulosicLignocellulosicCostCost

Net EnergyProduction ≤Consumption

Net EnergyProduction ≤Consumption

EfficiencyEfficiency

Supply ChainSupply Chain

AlgalAlgal

Energy ContentEnergy Content

DistributedDistributed

FeedstockAvailabilityFeedstockAvailabilityWorld TradeWorld Trade

StandardsStandards

Reduction inClimate Active

CO2 Equivalents

Reduction inClimate Active

CO2 Equivalents

Getting There

Agenda

Global ContextOur VisionTechnology SolutionsLife Cycle AnalysisSummary

Biofuels Overview: Technology Pathways

Current biofuel market based on sugars & oils. Use bridging feedstocks to get to 2nd Generation Feeds:

Algae & Lignocellulosics

Transesterification

Enzyme Conversion

Fermentation

C6 Sugars

Dehydration

Acid or Enzyme Hydrolysis

Gasification

Pyrolysis/ThermalDepolymerization

Lights

CO2

Feedstocks Products

Syngas

Direct Conversion

H2O

FCC

Hydrotreating

Bio-oilHydrotreating

FischerTropsch

-

Alcohol Synthesis

Distiller’s Grain

Glycerine

Starches

Natural Oils

GreenGasoline

Ethanol

FAME or FAEE

GreenDiesel/Jet

C5 / C6Sugars

Co-Feed

Lignin, Cellulose& Hemicellulose

Sugars

2nd Gen Feeds(Jatropha,

Camelina & Algal)

RenewableEnergy

= UOP Areas

Renewable Diesel and Jet Chemistry

+H3C CH3

+

CH3CH3

CH3H3C CH3 H3CCH3

H3C CH3CH3CH3

Feedstock flexible, but with consistent product properties

H2UOP Catalyst

H2

CO2

H2O +

+ H3C CH3

H3C CH3

CH2+

H2O

CO2 H3C

H3C H3C CH3

CH3H3C

UOP Catalyst Straight Chain Paraffins

Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene

CH3HO

O

HC

O

O

O

O

O

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

Free Fatty AcidMW=200-300

TriglycerideMW=700-900

Natural oils contain oxygen, have high molecular weight.First reaction removes oxygen – product is diesel range waxy paraffinsSecond reaction “cracks” diesel paraffins to smaller, highly branched moleculesEnd product is same as molecules already present in aviation fuelEnd product is independent of starting oil

UOP/ENI Ecofining™ Green Diesel

Superior technology that produces diesel, rather than an additiveUses existing refining infrastructure, can be transported via pipeline, and can be used in existing automotive fleetTwo units licensed in Europe with first commercial start-up in 2010Excellent blending component, allowing refiners to expand diesel pool by mixing in “bottoms”Can be used as an approach to increase refinery diesel output

Petrodiesel BiodieselGreen Diesel

NOx Baseline +10

50-65

Cold Flow Properties Baseline Poor Excellent

Poor

-10 to 0

Oxidative Stability Baseline Excellent

Cetane 40-55 75-90

Natural Oil/ Grease

+Hydrogen

Green DieselGreen Diesel + Propane

+ GlycerolBiodiesel (FAME)Biodiesel (FAME)

Natural Oil/ Grease

+ Methanol

Performance Comparison

Process Comparison vs. Biodiesel

UOP Renewable Jet ProcessInitially a DARPA-funded project to develop process technology to produce military jet fuel (JP-8) from renewable sourcesTargets maximum Green Jet productionGreen Jet Fuel can meet all the key properties of petroleum derived aviation fuel, flash point, cold temperature performance, stabilityCertification of Green Jet as a 50% blending component in progress

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

Built on Ecofining Technology

GreenDieselGreenDiesel

GreenJet

GreenJet

Natural Oil/ Grease

DARPA Project Partners

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Natural Oil/ Grease

Available for License Q3 2009

Completed Flight Demonstrations

Successful ANZ FlightDemo Date: Dec. 30 2008

Feedstock: Jatropha oil

Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil

Successful CAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009

Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil

Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009

Key Properties of Green Jet

DescriptionJet A-1 Specs

Jatropha Derived

SPK

Camelina Derived

SPK

Jatropha/ Algae

Derived SPK

Flash Point, oC Min 38 46.5 42.0 41.0Freezing Point, oC Max -47 -57.0 -63.5 -54.5JFTOT@300oC

Filter dP, mmHg max 25 0.0 0.0 0.2

Tube Deposit Less Than < 3 1.0 <1 1.0Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8 44.3 44.0 44.2Viscosity, -20 deg C, mm2/sec max 8.0 3.66 3.33 3.51Sulfur, ppm max 3000 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0

Production Viability DemonstratedFuel Samples from Different Sources Meet Key Properties

Over 6000 US Gallons of bio-SPK made

ANERS16Federal Aviation

AdministrationSeptember 22, 2009Mark Rumizen, FAA/CAAFI

Certification-Qualification Phase- ASTM D4054 Fuel Qualification Process

OEM Review & Approval

ASTM Balloting Process

Specification Properties Engine/APU

TestingFit-For-Purpose

PropertiesComponent/Rig

Testing

ASTM Research

Report

ASTM Research

ReportASTMSpecification

Accept

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

Re-EvalAs Required

Reject

ASTMSpecification

Accept

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

Re-EvalAs Required

Reject

ASTM Specification

FRL 6.1 FRLs 6.2 & 6.3 FRL 6.4

FRL 7: Fuel Class Listed in Int’l Fuel Specifications

FRL 4.2

ANERS17Federal Aviation

AdministrationSeptember 22, 2009Mark Rumizen, FAA/CAAFI

ASTM D7566 Issued Sept 1

• Body of Spec Applies to Finished Semi-Synthetic Fuel

• Annex for Each Class of Synthetic Blending Component

• Allow Re-Certification to D1655

• Annex 1– Hydroprocessed SPK

• Includes 50% FT Fuel

Blend Comp’s Criteria and Blend % Limits

Annex 3Other Adv Fuels or Processes

Annex 2Other Adv Fuels or Processes

Annex 150% Hydpross’dSPK Fuel Blends

Fuel Produced to D7566 Can Be Designated as D1655 Fuel

5.1 Materials and Manufacture

D1655

Table 1

D7566Av Turbine Fuel Containing

Syn HC’s

Table 1Blended Fuel Performance

Properties

SPK from Lipids expected in

2010

Algae: Multiple Sources for Fuels

High Pre-TreatmentCosts

Low Pre-TreatmentCosts

Wild Algae EnhancedAlgae Strains

HeterotrophicallyGrown Algae

Green FuelsJet, Diesel

EcofiningEcofiningTMTM

Moderate ProductionCosts

Low ProductionCosts

Moderate Production Cost

Moderate Pre-Treatment Costs

Mixed WoodsMixed Woods

Corn StoverCorn Stover

Pyrolysis Oil to Energy & Fuels

Fast Pyrolysis

AvailableToday

3 Years to complete

R&D

Conversion to Transport Fuels Demonstrated in LabCollaboration with DOE, USDA, PNNL, NREL

Pyrolysis Oil

ElectricityProduction

Fuel OilSubstitution

Transport Fuels(Gasoline, Jet

Diesel)

Chemicals(Resins, BTX)

Biomass

Refin

ery

P P

P P

P P

Envergent Technologies LLC –UOP / Ensyn Joint Venture

• Formed in October 2008• Provides pyrolysis oil technology for fuel

oil substitution and electricity generation• Channel for UOP R&D program to

upgrade pyrolysis oil to transportation fuels

• Leading process technology licensor ~$2 billion in sales, 3000 employees

• Co-inventor of FCC technology• Modular process unit supplier• Global reach via Honeywell & UOP

sales channels

• Over 20 years of commercial fast pyrolysis operating experience

• Developers of innovative RTPTM

fast pyrolysis process• Eight commercial RTP units

designed and operated

Second Generation Renewable Energy Company – Global Reach

© Envergent Technologies 2009

Pyrolysis Oil 510°C, <2 secondsBiomass converted to liquid pyrolysis oilFast fluidized bed, sand as heat carrierHigh yields; >70 wt% liquid on woody biomassLight gas and char by-product provide heat to dry feed and operate unitSolid Biomass

Rapid Thermal Process (RTPTM) Technology

Proven Technology, full scale designs available

RTPTM Pyrolysis Oil Properties

Suitable for Energy Applications

Fuel MJ / Litre BTU / US GallonMethanol 17.5 62,500

Pyrolysis Oil 19.9 71,500

Ethanol 23.5 84,000

Light Fuel Oil (#2) 38.9 139,400

Comparison of Heating Value of Pyrolysis Oil and Typical Fuels

Pourable, storable and transportable liquid fuelEnergy densification relative to biomassContains approximately 50-55% energy content of fossil fuelStainless steel piping, tankage and equipment required due to acidityRequires separate storage from fossil fuels

RTPTM Product Yields

Feed, wt%Hardwood Whitewood 100Typical Product Yields, wt% Dry FeedPyrolysis Oil 70By-Product Vapor 15Char 15

Cellulosic Feedstock Flexible With High Yields of Pyrolysis Oil

Biomass Feedstock Type

Typical Pyrolysis Oil Yield, wt% of Dry Feedstock

Hardwood 70 – 75Softwood 70 – 80Hardwood Bark 60 – 65Softwood Bark 55 – 65Corn Fiber 65 – 75Bagasse 70 – 75Waste Paper 60 – 80

Yields For Various Feeds

Ensyn has tested over 70 types of feedstock in RTP pilot plant

Feedstock Sources

Cellulosic Feedstocks Widely Available

Forestry and Pulp and Paper– Wood chips, sawdust, bark– Forestry residues

Agricultural– Residues – corn stover, expended fruit

bunches from palm (EFB), bagasse– Purpose-grown energy crops –

miscanthus, elephant grass

Post-consumer– Construction and Demolition Waste,

Categories 1&2– Municipal solid waste (future)

DoE study 2005 - > 1 billion ton per year available in United States alone

Feed Handling / Preparation

• Water is a heat sink• Dried to 5-6 wt% moisture content for efficient RTPTM reactor operation

• Size impacts heat transfer• Biomass sized to 0.125-0.25 inch (3-6 mm)

• Capacity of unit expressed on bone dry feed basis• BDMTPD• Zero water content

RTP is Self-Sustaining –Excess Heat Dries Raw Biomass

RTP Storage

PreparedBiomass“As Fed”5- 6 wt%Moisure

0.125 to 0.25”Pyrolysis Oil

“As Produced”FeedHandling

Raw BiomassUp to 40%Moisture

RTPTM Flow Diagram

RTPTM Process – 3D Model

RTPTM Operating History & Commercial Experience

Commercialized in the 1980’s7 units designed and operated in the US & CanadaContinuous process with >90% availability

Significant Commercial Experience

PlantYearBuilt

Operating Capacity (Metric Tonnes Per Day) Location

Manitowoc RTPTM – 1 1993 30 Manitowoc, WI, USA

Rhinelander RTPTM – 1 1995 35 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander Chemical #2 1995 2 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander RTPTM – 2 2001 45 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander Chemical #3 2003 1 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Petroleum Demo # 1 2005 300 barrels per day Bakersfield, CA, USARenfrew RTPTM – 1

(Owned and operated by Ensyn)

2007 100 Renfrew, Ontario, Canada

Note: design basis for wood based plants assumes feedstocks with 6 Wt% moisture content.

Envergent Video

Pyrolysis Oil as Burner Fuel

• Energy densification/improved logistics and flexibility

• Relatively low emissions (NOx, SOx, ash)

• Consistent quality/improved operations- ASTM D7544, Standard

Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel, established last month

• Stainless steel piping, tankageand equipment required due to acidity

• Requires separate storage from fossil fuels

Property Value Test MethodGross Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg Point, oC

15 min ASTM D240

Pyrolysis Solids Content, wt%

2.5 max ASTM D7544, Annex I

Water Content, wt%

30 max ASTM E203

pH report ASTM E70

Kinematic Viscosity, cSt @ 40 °C

125 max ASTM D445

Density, kg/dm3

@ 20 °C 1.1 – 1.3 ASTM D4052

Sulfur Content, wt%

0.05 max ASTM 4294

Ash Content, wt%

0.25 max ASTM 482

Flash Point, oC 45 min ASTM D93, Procedure B

Pour Point, oC -9 max ASTM D97

25-30% Lower Cost than #2 Fuel Oil on an Energy Basis

Compatible with specialized turbinesSpecialized burner tips improve flame/burningConvert to steam to use existing infrastructureUse as a blend in diesel enginesUpgradable to hydrocarbon fuels

Multiple Applications for Pyrolysis Oil, a Renewable Fuel Available Today

FuelBurner

GasTurbine

DieselEngine

Heat

ElectricityCHP

GreenGasoline,

GreenDiesel &

Green Jet

Hydro-cracking/Dewaxing

SyngasGasification

OptimizedUOP

UpgradingTechnology

RTPUnit

FischerTropsch

ENV 5233-09

Pyrolysis Oil Energy Applications

Pyrolysis Oil: Production of Green Electricity

Compatible with specialized turbinesGreen electricity production cost is 0.10 $US/kW-h

– Includes RTP operating cost and 15-yr straightlinedepreciation of CAPEX (including gas turbine)

Experience in stationary diesel engine as blend with fossil fuel

–Operation with 100% pyrolysis oil under development

Conversion to Transportation Fuel

Integrated Bio-Refinery (IBR) Complex

Ligno-cellulosic Biomass to Fungible Fuels

H2Generation

Unit

PyrolysisOil

ConversionUnit

RapidThermal

ProcessingUnit

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel

Steam

Wastewater

Spent Air

Biomass

Utilities

Fuel

Water

Air

ENV 5233-17

The Future: 100% Renewable Jet

The hydroplane ran on 98% Bio-SPK and 2% renewable aromatics

Jet A1Spec Starting SPK

Woody Pyrolysis Oil Aromatics

Freeze Point (oC) -4739

0.775Flash Point (oC)

-53-6342

0.75352

Density (g/mL) 0.863

Ecofining and Palm OilEnable production of superior quality Diesel and Biofuels for Aviation LPG instead of GlycerolGHG Reduction Export Markets

RTP and EFB/ResiduesOvercome EFB logistics limitationPalm Oil GHG reductionExpand business opportunities vs. direct firingCost competitive with fossil fuel oil

Creating Biorefineries

EFB and Residues

Transport Fuels(Diesel, Jet

LPG, naphtha)

RTP™ Pyrolysis

Ecofining™

ElectricityFuel Oil

New Business Opportunities with Improved Sustainability

Palm Oil

Agenda

Global ContextOur VisionTechnology SolutionsLife Cycle AnalysisSummary

PetroleumBased Fuels

Green Distillatefrom Waste Tallow

Green Distillatefrom Energy Crops

Seed Fertilizer Fuel Chemicals

OilProcessing

OilTransport

Plant Oil

Hydrogen

Renewable JetProcess Unit

ConsumerUse

TallowProcessing

TallowTransport Hydrogen

Renewable JetProcess Unit

ConsumerUse

Extraction ofCrude Oil

Refining

ConsumerUse

OilExtraction

Energy CropFarming

Energy CropTransport

Transport ofCrude Oil

Scope of WTW* LCA

*WTW is either “well-to-wheels” or “well-to-wings”

Gasoline, Jet, Diesel Green Diesel, Jet

Waste Tallow from MeatProcessing Industry

Green Diesel, Jet

Life Cycle Analysis for Renewable Jet Fuel

Basic Data for Jatropha Production and Use. Reinhardt, Guido et al. IFEU June 2008Biodiesel from Tallow. Judd, Barry. s.l. : Prepared for Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, 2002.Environmental Life-Cycle Inventory of Detergent-Grade Surfactant Sourcing and Production. Pittinger, Charles et al. 1, Prarie Village, Ka : Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1993, Vol. 70.

Kerosene JatrophaGreen

Jet

TallowGreen

Jet

SoyGreen

Jet

0

0.2

0.4

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6Cumulative Energy Demand

MJ

(Inpu

t)/M

J (O

utpu

t)

0.6

0

Renewable BiomassRenewable, Water

Non-renewable, Fossil Non-renewable, NuclearRenewable, Wind, Solar, Geothe

Significant GHG Reduction Potential

Kerosene JatrophaGreen

Jet

TallowGreen

Jet

SoyGreen

Jet

80

Greenhouse Gases

g C

O2

eq./M

J

90

70605040302010

0

CultivationFuel ProductionUse

Oil ProductionTransportation

CamelinaGreen

Jet

g C

O2

eq./M

J

-5000

1000

2000

300040005000

LUC Error Bar

Pyrolysis Oil vs Fossil Fuel LCA

Pyrolysis Oil Production foot printsimilar to fossil energy alternativesAssumed biomass transport distances

200 km for logging residues25 km for short rotation forest crops

Comparison of GHG EmissionsCradle to Delivered Energy

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PetroleumCrude Oil

HardCoal

gCO

2eq

/MJ

NaturalGas

CanadianOil SandsCrude Oil

PyOilfrom

LoggingResidues

PyOilfrom

Willow

PyOilfrom

Poplar

Energy ExtractionGHG Emissions

Pyrolysis Oil Life Cycle foot printGreener than other alternatives

Carbon neutral combustion emission 70-88% lower GHG emissionsSOx emissions similar to Natural Gas

Comparison of GHG EmissionsCradle to Delivered Energy, and Burned

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PetroleumFuel Oil

HardCoal

gCO

2eq

/MJ

NaturalGas

PyOilfrom

LoggingResidues

PyOilfrom

Willow

PyOilfrom

Poplar

Life Cycle GHG Emissions

through combustion

Pyrolysis Oil vs. Fossil Fuel LCA

Canadian ScenarioSawmill ResiduesRTP unit located at sawmill siteFeed Transportation Distance = 0

PyOil 88% lower GHG than Petroleum-derived heating oil

LCA Result courtesy of Don O’Connor

Comparative Analyses using GHGenius Software

Fuel Heating OilNatural

Gas PyOil

Natural Gas

Wood Residues

g CO2eq/GJ

Fuel Distribution & Storage 698 2,063 361Fuel Production 8,412 1,376 9,555Feedstock Transmission 1,401 0 0Feedstock Recovery 8,081 1,708 0Land-use Changes, Cultivation 25 0 0

Fertilizer Manufacture 0 0 0

Fuel Dispensing 402 0 874

Gas Leaks & Flares 1,900 3,540 0CO2, H2S Removed from NG 0 642 0

Emissions Displaced -128 0 0Sub-total Fuel Production 20,790 9,330 10,790Fuel Combustion 68,718 50,432 301Grand Total 89,508 60,762 11,091% Change Compared to Heating Oil -32.1% -87.6%

Crude Oil Feedstock

GHG Emissions – Wood Feedstock

(S&T)2 Consultants Inc.11657 Summit CrescentDelta, BCCanada, V4E 2Z2

Achieving SustainabilityRenewables are going to make up an increasing share of the future fuels pool– Multitude of bioprocessing approaches possible– Fungible biofuels are here– Essential to overlay sustainability criteria

Proven technology available today can efficiently convert natural oils to green diesel and green jet fuel and residual biomass to power– Wide spread implementation requires creation of a credible

supply chain– Availability of sustainable feedstocks is a key enabler– Market pull required to accelerate implementation

Important to promote technology neutral and performance based standards and directives to avoid standardization on old technology

Create a Portfolio of Options

AcknowledgementsAFRL

– Robert Allen – John Datko– Tim Edwards– Don Minus

Air New Zealand– Grant Crenfeldt

Aquaflow– Paul Dorrington– Nick Gerritsen

Boeing– Billy Glover– James Kinder– Mike Henry– Darrin Morgan– Tim Rahmes – Dale Smith

Cargill– Bruce Resnick– Michael Kennedy– Ian Purdle

CFM– Gurhan Andac

Continental Airlines– Gary LeDuc– Leah Raney– George Zombanakis

ENI– Giovanni Faraci– Franco Baldiraghi– Giuseppe Bellussi

Ensyn– Robert Graham– Barry Freel– Stefan Muller

GE– Steve Csonka– Mike Epstein

The Seawater FoundationGlobal Seawater, Inc.

– Carl Hodges– Howard Weiss

Japan Airlines– Takuya Ishibashi– Koichiro Nagayama– Yasunori Abe

Michigan TechnicalUniversity

– David ShonnardNikki Universal

– Yasushi Fujii– Masaru Marui

NREL– Richard Bain

PNNL– Doug Elliot– Don Stevens

Pratt & Whitney– Tedd Biddle– Mario Debeneto

Rolls Royce– Chris Lewis

Sandia– Ron Pate– Warren Cox– Peter Kobos– William Fogleman

Sapphire– Brian Goodall– Kulinda Davis

Solazyme– Harrison F. Dillon – Anthony G. Day

South West Research Institute– George Wilson

Sustainable Oils– Scott Johnson

Targeted Growth– Tom Todaro

Honeywell / UOP – Amar Anumakonda– Roy Bertola– Andrea Bozzano– Tim Brandvold– Michelle Cohn– Graham Ellis– Tom Kalnes– Joseph Kocal – Steve Lupton– Mike McCall– Prabhakar Nair– Sunny Nguyen– Randy Williams

DOEProject DE-FG36-05GO15085

Paul GrabowskiDARPA

Project W911NF-07-C-0049Dr. Douglas Kirkpatrick

Efcharisto

Danyavad

Köszönöm

Terima kasih

Dekoju

Eso

HvalaSpasiboNgiyabonga

Wiyarrparlunpaju-yungu

Giittus

Añachaykin

Dhannvaad

Grazie

Qujanaq

Xie xieShukranArigato

Ookini

Gum xia

מרס י mersi

どうもありがとう。

Danke schön

Ang kêunMerci

Kiitos Gum xiaTawdi

GraciasSha sha

Maulanenga

Obrigado

Nodan mamomamo

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