Biochemistry PB 3204

Introduction to Biochemistry

Chapter 10 p. 129 - 145 See also Relevance Table link

Biochemistry

Science concerned with the chemical basis of life

Functional definition - Science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo.

Biochemistry (continued)

Biochemistry is the study of the molecular events that correspond to chemical changes in living cells

It includes these areas– Structural components– Movement of substrates, wastes and

organelles within the cell– *Metabolism of the cell

Biochemistry Encompasses

Cell Biology Molecular Biology Major Objectives of Biochemistry

– to completely understand at the molecular level, all chemical processes associated with living cells

– The study of biochemistry has proven that there is a great deal of conservation of the basic biochemical activities of all cells.

Why study biochemistry

Biochemistry is essential to all life sciences– Physiology– Microbiology– Immunology– Pathology

Normal biochemical processes are the basis of health

The “Typical” Eukaryotic Cell

Segregation of biochemical function

See table of organelles and major functions

Sub-cellular Organelles

Nucleus Site ofchromosomes, DNA,RNA, Histones(Replication andTranscription)

Mitochondria Oxidative machineryof cell. Generationof ATP-energy.Citric Acid cycle

Organelles-ER when isolated in test tube is “microsomal fraction”

Rough ER Synthesis ofproteins destined tobe modified in GolgiComplex

Smooth ER Synthesis of variouslipids. Oxidation ofxenobiotics.(Cytochrome P450)

Organelles (continued)

Golgi Complex Intracellular sortingof proteins andglycosylationreactions

Plasma Membrane(cell membrane)

Selective transportof molecules andions. Intercellularadhesion.

Organelles (continued)

Lysosomes Hydrolytic reactions.Breakdown of majormacromolecules

Peroxisomes Degradation ofcertain fatty acidsand amino acids.Production anddegradation of H2O2

Organelles (continued)

Ribosome Site of proteinsynthesis.Translation ofmRNA into Protein

Cytosol Enzymes ofglycolysis and fattyacid synthesis.

Organelles (continued)

Cytoskeleton-

Provide structure toimpart the shape ofthe cell ; alsoprovide "highways"for the movement ofmaterials.

Microfilaments -actin basedstructuresMicrotubules- α andβ tubulinIntermediatefilaments -numerous proteins

Biological Molecules (4)

Class Monomers Polymers Bonds

Carbohyd-rates

Sugars Polysacc-harides

Glycosidicacetal

Proteins Aminoacids

Proteins Peptide oramide

Lipids Fatty acid& glycerol

Triglyce-rides

Ester

Nucleicacids

Nucleo-tides

DNAor RNA

Phospho-ester