BiochemistryIncludes:•Discussion/study of molecules found in living things

•Discussion/study of chemical processes found in living things (biochemical processes)

Biochemical Process: chemical processes

that occur in living things

• Provides energy and raw materials needed for homeostasis

• Examples:– Photosynthesis: process by which light energy

is stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules (carbs)

– Respiration: chemical energy stored in carbs is released for use in cells

• Inorganic Molecules: do not contain Carbon and Hydrogen– Examples: water, salts, acids, bases, oxygen

gas…)

• Organic Molecules: contain both carbon and hydrogen

• Four major categories– Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)– Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils)– Proteins (structural and functional)– Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

Carbohydrates

• Elements: C, H, O

• General Formula: CH O 2

H:O::2:1

Basic Unit: Monosaccharide

• Monosaccharides…are ready energy sources!!!!

• Dehydration synthesis: making a complex substance by adding smaller pieces with the removal of water

• Hydrolysis: the breakdown of an organic molecule into smaller pieces by adding water

Dissacharide

• Two sugar units combined

• Maltose and sucrose (also lactose)

Polysaccharides

• Many sugar units combined

• Polysaccharides…storage or structural– Starch…storage plants– Cellulose…structural plants– Glycogen…storage animals

• Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches

• Names of sugars end in –ose

• Functions of carbs– Energy storage/supply– Cell structures

Lipids

• Fats, waxes, oils

• Elements: C, H, O

• No 2:1 ratio

• 2 basic units: glycerol and 3 fatty acids

• Fatty acids (3)…may be saturated or unsaturated (double bonds)

• Glycerol

Proteins

• Elements: C, H, O, N

• Building blocks: amino acids