Biochemistry

BiochemistryHowd you do?

ElementAny of the more than 100 known types of atoms An element is designated based on its atomic number (number of Protons)Common elements of organic compounds are H, C, N, O, P, and S

2CompoundA substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elementsCompounds can only be broken apart by a chemical reactionMixtures, in comparison, can be separated without breaking any bonds

Covalent BondA chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a moleculeCovalent bonds are the strongest natural bondsOrganic compounds are held together by covalent bonds

Ionic BondA chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron and the other atom gains an electronIonic bonds are weaker than covalent bondsOnce the electron is passed from one atom to the other, the two separate easily and are now electrically charged

Hydrogen BondA bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another moleculeHydrogen bonds arent really bonds at all; just magnetic attractionsThey hold the two sides of DNA together, but can be separated fairly easily

CarbohydratesA compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and includes all sugars and starchesCarbohydrates are the most efficient source of energySugars supply immediate energy, whereas starches must first be broken down to sugars

LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenSaturated fats are solid at room temperature (butter); Unsaturated are liquid (oils)Lipids store much more energy than carbohydrates because they are larger and have more bonds

ProteinsA compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen needed by tissues for repair and growthProteins are made of unique combinations of 20 amino acidsProteins make up all Enzymes, which are essential in speeding up chemical reactions

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