bio climatic and low energy office building

8/9/2019 Bio Climatic and Low Energy Office Building

1/4

C.R.E.S.Center for Renewable Energy Sources

General Secretariat for Research & Technology- Construction Service

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMM FOR REASERCH& TECHNOLOGY MEASURE 3.1

lectromec S.A.Catherine Cristide (Civil Engineer)Giota Batistatou (mechanical Engineer)Ourania Flabouri (electrical Engineer)

C.R.E.S.Gregory Economides (Dr. Civil Engineer)Evi Tzanakaki (Architect Engineer MSc)Michael Karagiorgas (Dr. Mechanical Engineer)

.Spiropoulou (Architect Engineer)lectromec S.A

Savvas Tsilenis G.S.R.T. C.S.Alex kastanis G.S.R.T. C.S.P. Hatzinicolaou G.S.R.T. C.S.Gregory Economides C.R.E.S.Michael Karagiorgas C.R.E.S.

Gregory Economides (Dr. Civil Engineer)Michael Karagiorgas (Dr. Mechanical Engineer)

Maria Bololia (Technical Mechanical Engineer)

Christos Dokios

SOLE S.A.

19 km. Marathonos Ave.GR-190 09 PikermiTel. : +30 10 66.03.300, fax. +30 10 66.03.305e-mailwww.cres.gr

14-18, Messogion Ave. GR- 11510, thensTel.:+30 10 77.03.564, fax. +30 10 77.11.071

18, mninon Str.,GR- 114 72, thensTel.: +30 10 64.57.352, fax. +30 10 64.64.538e-mail [email protected]

64, delfon Didaskalou Str.GR- 156 69 Papagou, AthensTel.: +30 10 65.26.920, f ax. +30 10 65.26.920e-mail [email protected]

Leftktron & Laikon Agonon,GR- 13671 AcharnesTel.: +30 10 23.88.088, f ax. +30 10 28.25.690e -ma il - h tt p/ /w ww. so le .gr

th

[email protected]

[email protected]

OWNER:

FUNDING:

Project :

Construction:

Preliminary Report:

Final Report :

Supervisory Team:

Monitoring Team:

S Installation: Shop,

Solar Appliances Manufacturer :

Project: Design & development of a laboratory building of CRES,with implementation of RES technologies, in Pikermi, Attiki

Building Volume

Building Area

Net Headed Building Area

Windows Surface

Greenhouse Windows Surface

Clerestories Windows

Greenhouse Area

Solar Wall Surface (thermosyphonic)

Transparenti insulation SurfaceThermal characteristics

Site and Climate

Costs (1999prices)

Total area 1464Basement area 483 mGround floor area 519 m1 floor area 462 m

Total area 529 m

Basement area 173 mGround floor area 189 m1 floor area 167 mRoof 171 m

Total area 428 mBasement area 127 mGround floor area 154 m1 floor area 147 m

Total area 53 mNorth 8 mSouth 17 mEast 14 mWest 14 m

Total 15 mSouth 12 mWest 3 m

Total area 14 mNorth 7 mSouth 7 m

Total area 8,25 m

Total area 17 mRight 8 mLeft 9 m

8 m

Roof from Reinf orced conc rete slabs 0,33 W/m KReinforced concrete vertical structural elements 0,65 W/m KBr ic kwo rk ve rt ic al s tr uc tu ral e le me nt s 0 ,5 2 W /m KBr ic kwo rk ve rt ic al s tr uc tu ral e le me nt s 0 ,5 3 W /m K

Reinforced concre te f loor in non-heated areas 0 ,58 W/m KOpenings 3,72 W /m KT he rm al c on du ct an ce c oe ff ic ie nt o f t he 0 ,0 44 W /m K

Thermal conductance coeff icient of Tekta lan [] 0 ,04 W/mKOv er al l h ea t t ran sf er c oe ff ic ie nt [ k ] 0 ,8 2 W /m KOv er al l e xt er na l s ur fa ce / Vol um e [ F/ V] 0 ,6 6 mPhotovoltaic panels, 600 Wp 8,64 mUsers 20 Persons

Longitude 23 .55 ELatitude 38 .01 NAltitude 153 mAverage ambient temperature (an nual) 18,7 CJanuary 9,4 CJuly 28,7 CDegree Days (base 19 C) 1218 daysGl obal i rr adi at io n on h or iz on ta l (an nu al ) 1 74 7 KW h/ m

Conventional construction 352.000 EUROEnergy systems 39.780 EURO

3

3

st 3

2

2

2

st 2

2

2

2

2

st 2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

-1

2

2

with transparent insulation

Transparent Insulation[]

m

m 3

Bioclimatic and Low Bioclimatic and Low Bioclimatic and Low Energy Office Building

CENTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

19th km MARATHONOS AVE. PIKERMI GREECE

1


2/4

4 5

Detail of external brickwork withexternal insulation

F o r t h ei n s u la t i o n o fvertical buildingelements, 5 cmTektalan panelswere used(glass

fibrewithpanelsof driedseaweed).Atchosensiteson thesouthface, 5cm StoThermSolar transparentinsulation panels wereusedandthe roof was insulated with 5cm extrudedpolystyreneDow Roofmatepanels.Thefloorswerelaid with 30x30cm ceramictiles.The windows are Europa aluminum, white, doublepaned 22 mm thick, with a space between themof12 mmandtwoglasspanes,each5 mmthick.

Passive and Hybrid Solar SytemsT h e b u i l d i n g d e s i g n s p e c i f i e d t h e

incorporation of passive solar systems (P.S.S.),the aim of which is to use solar energy forheating:

Direct gain systems (openings on thesouth face with a total area of 17 m2) forcollecting solar radiation for passive heatingduringthe winter.

Greenhouse with an area of 8.25 m2added to the south face of the building, withopenings of 12 m2 where solar radiation iscollected as heat and is distributed throughopeningsinthe building.

Solaraircollectors airpanelswitha totalarea of 17 m2 incorporated into the southface of the building which collect solarradiation and give off heat either throughopenings (direct) or as preheated air to aheatpumponthe roof(indirect).

Solar atrium (glazed part of the roof ofthe building with an area of 14 m2) to collectsolar radiation and produce thermal energyto heat the central internal part of thebuilding.

Transparent insulation with a total areaof 8 m2 to reinforce solar gains on the southfacingpartsof thebuilding.

a

a

a

a

a

.

Daylighting Parallel to and in conjunction with the passivesolarsystems,daylightingsystems were studiedinorderto providethe buildingwith natural lightforthegreatestpossiblepartof thedayresulting inareduction of electricity required for lighting. Forthispurpose, thefollowing weredesigned:

Rooflighting system partiallyglazedroofto let in natural light for the central part of thebuilding.

Atrium onto which internal doors open toallow daylighting to enter the innermost parts ofthebuilding.

To avoid overheating and reduce airconditioning requirements were the goals of thepassive cooling systems. The following wereinstalled or applied:

Shading systems (vertical awnings) onthe south facade, vertical window blinds on theeast west facades) combined with internalvenetian blinds.

Passive Cooling Techniques

The solar atrium is used as a passive cooling system,for direct natural lighting and solar radiation

Natural cross ventilation techniqueswith window openings, fans or skylights.

Natural ventilation systems throughmechanically operated openings in the roofand backed up with fans.

Use of Renewable EnergySources in the HVAC System

During the winter period, water from the wellcome s t h roug h t he evapo ra tor o f t hegeothermal water to water heat pump andprovides heat to the chilling cycle (the designtemperatures for the circulation of the storedwater are 18/2 C). At the same time, the heatpump condenser heats the separate circulationof the water in the fan coil network on theground floor and provides heat for it, thus raisingthetemperaturewhichwas reducedby theheatloss load of the building(the temperaturesspecified for the fan coil units is 45/40 C). Thesystem works the same way during the summerperiod. The unit uses the stored water of theexisting well which is 80 m deep, located 10 mnorth of the building. The temperature of thewell water was measured in May at 21 C and thewell provides water at a rate of 1.2m3/h. Theheat pump has a refrigeration power of 16 Kwand a heating power of 17.5 Kw. It is R22

Geothermal water to water heat pump

technology with a reciprocating compressor andset step at 0-100. The COP factor of the heatpump for the above temperatures is 4.2 and thewaterheat exchangerisa concentrictype.

Geothermal water to water heat pump

Solar assisted water - air heat pump

Solar assisted water-air heat pump

The cooling and heating load of the first floor iscovered by a solar assisted 18 Kw air-water heatpump.During the winter, the air, pre-warmed by thesolar air collectors with a total area of 17 m2 andwith a specified supply rate of 1700 m3/h, isdrawn into the evaporator of the solar assistedair-water heat pump, aided by centrifugal fansand supplies heat to the refrigeration cycle ( thetemperatures specified for the circulation of theprewarmedfreshair is10/3C)

The distribution network of the first floor heatpump is similar to that of the ground floor heatpump.

Theheatpumphas achillingpowerof16.5Kw andheatingat 18Kw.

Sun protection systems on the south and east facades


3/4

CRESis located20 kilometresfromthe centerof Athens in theMesogeiaareaon MarathonAvenue in the v il lage o f P ikermi , anagricultural area with olive groves andvineyards, which has been rapidly built upoverthe last20years.

Thelocationis quitefavourablewith minimalnoise and air pollution. The vegetationaround the building does not have animpact as it leaves the south face open todirectsunlight.

Thebuildings adjacentto thenorthface andthe small trees to the west provide partialprotection from cold north winds. Theaverage ambientair temperature inJanuary is 9.4 Cand 28.7 C in July.T h e b u i ld i ng i s

heated from mid-October to theend of April andthe degree daysfor heating are1217.5(19 Cbase).

Thebuildingwas constructed accordingtoitsdesignspecificationsand Greekbuilding

Location - Climate

regulations.

The building envelope was constructed

using reinforced concrete C20/25 withS500 steel. The walls are double brick andtheinsulationwas placedon theoutsidetoavoidcreating thermalbridges.

T he i n te rn al w al l s a re m ad e o fdrywal l (gypsum board) , in te rna l lyinsulated with fiberglass(?). The externalsurfaces were constructed of 3 coats ofcementplaster.

Construction

External insulation on the north face of the building

Southeast face of the building during bricklaying

2 3

The bioclimatic office-laboratory buildingwas designed in 1998 by associates ofCRES as a demonstration building for theapplication of energy technologies.F o l l ow i n g t h e c a l l f o r t e n d er s ,

construction began in November 2000.The building was completed in July 2001and in November 2001, regular collectionof data began on the building's energyconsumption, thermal energyand the performance of theenergy technologies.

The design and construction of ab ioc l imatic and low energyconsuming building which would usedifferent soft energy forms and energysaving techniques was the aim of theproject. The building includes a largenumber of systems based on renewablee n ergy s o ur c es ( R ES ) a n d e n ergytechnologies for demonstration purposesaswell asfor monitoringandevaluationoftheir efficiency. Finally, the researchers inthe role of the interact with thesesystems so thatconclusionscan be drawnconcerning user behaviour which is a veryimportant parameter in assessing theperformanceof energy technologies.

Aim

Building Layout - Use

Topographi diagram of

the building (south face

variance 15 to the east

o

)

A significant amount of energy consumed in buildings can be saved with asimultaneous improvement in conditions for their occupants through:

Bioclimatic designConstruction with suitable insulationThe application of energy conservation technologies and renewableenergy sourcesThe rational energy management of building functions

We have applied all of these to the new office building at CRES and arefollowing closely the impact on energy consumption, in effect making thisbuilding an energy laboratory.The preliminary results are impressive, indicating

energy saving in the range of 55% in comparison with similar conventional buildings.The new building at CRES is an example of the possibilities provided by the application of currentenergy technologies in the built environment for the reduction of energy consumption and itcomplies with all the standards and building regulations in the Regulation on the Rational Use andConservation of Energy.

!

!

!

!

The building was constructed as a single twostorey structure with a basement whichincludes:

Officesfor researchersLibrary bookstacksSmallmeetingroomWashroomsSmallkitchenCommonareasand corridorsBasementutility areasHVACunit

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Dimosthenis AgorisPresident

CLIMATE DATA FOR PIKERMI - ATTIKI 1999-2001

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

J A N

F E B

M A R

A P R

M A Y

J U N E

J U L Y A U

G S E

P O K

T N O

V D E

C

MONTHS

S O L A R

R A D I A T I O N 0

[ k W h / m

2 ]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

A V E R

. A M B I E N T

A I R

T E M P E R A T U R E

[ C ]

DIRECT SOL. RADIATION [kWh/m2] DIFFUSE SOL. RADIATION [kWh/m2]

AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE [C]


4/4

Photovoltaic Panels

6 7

Room thermostat, occupancy sensor,and eight function switch installed throughout the building's rooms

Due to the many different systems whichwereinstalledfordemonstration,the building

requires systematic monitoring by an energymanager. In part icular, maintenanceproblems were encountered with theautomatic controls and controlled devices(relays, filters, etc.) of the well pump. Therewer e a l so compla in ts f r om bu i l d ingoccupants who work in rooms facing a siteorientation associated with adverse thermalloads because it was not possible to controleffectively the room air temperature (range

User Behaviour problemswhisch were Encountered

The energy technologies and systemsinstalled in the building cost, in 1999 prices,11% ( 39.780 ) of the total cost of thebuilding. Based on the results of the first 126days of energy measurements in the buildingand on the calculated energy saving (53165K w h / ye a r ) c o m p ar e d w i t h s i m i la rconventional buildings, there is a simple

payback period of 14.5 years. The paybackperiod would have been much smaller, butbecause the building was a demonstrationproject, systems were installed whichincreased the cost of energy technologies(three air conditioning systems, doublenumber of sensors and actuators for theBEMS, etc.) and therefore, the paybackperiod.

Economic Analysis

On the sloping part of the roof which coversthe solar atrium, 12 photovoltaic panels(dimensions 132 cm x 64 cm x 5 cm) wereinstalled with a total power output of 600 W(amorphous silicon), directly connected tothe building's electricity supply through aninverter. The inclination of the photovoltaicpanels is 20 for architectural and aestheticreasons,although formaximum yearlyoutputit should be 40 . Also, a solar collector forproducing hot water (60 lit) was installed tocover the building's limited needs for hotwater.

of room temperature adjustment3.5 C by the system thermostat).Addit ionally, BEMS computer

breakdowns often created malfunctions inthe various controlled systems, especiallytheairconditioningone.

P/V 600W on the sloping part of the roof

The decoders have one addressand control, either in groups orindividually, the control pointsconnected to them. In this way,

grouping, programming and control ofbuilding parameters is achieved. The pair oftwisted cables connects and serves controlpoints ( i .e. switches, relays, dimmers,occupancy sensors, etc.) of the installation (beginning at the first connect point andstopping at the final one), without returning,in two ways. It transports communicationssignals and at the same time it supplies thecontrolpointswiththelow voltagepower(24V DC) needed for them to function. Theroute of the power cables (230 V AC) islimited to going from the distribution boardpaneltotheelectricalloads.The control points receive commandssimultaneously through a common buswithout the danger of overloading with theuse of the protocol .Eachpointhas a certain addressby means ofwhich it is determined if the messagetransferredon thebus isdirected atthe pointor not and whether the point executes the

commandor simplyreceivesit withouttakingaction.Appropriate programmable modules areconnected to the bus, such as occupancysensors, control systems with switches,temperature sensors, daylight measurementsystem,etc.

The COP factor for the heat pump, if there issolar assistance is 4.8 and the water heatexchanger is of concentric type.In the basement of the building (the library),two air to air heat pumps of semi-central typehave been installed.

Artificial Lighting System Artificial light is supplied through the general lightinginstallation of the building which is automatically controlled by the BEMS. The luminaires used havelow energy consumption fluorescent pipes orcompact PLC type lamps). Ceiling light fixtures havehigh frequency electronic ballasts, metal lengthwiseparabolic blinds and double parabolic elements orceiling spots with shiny reflectors.

Building Energy Management System (BEMS)

The reason for instal ling a BEMS was themonitoring and/or automatic control of thebuilding's electrical and mechanical installationsso that it will be possible to have immediateaccess, uninterrupted operation, settingsadjustment and data analysis for all the buildingand system functions from a single controlstation. At thesametime,it ispossibleto monitorand record the performance of the renewableenergy systems installed in the building as well asthecreation ofan archiveof statisticaldata. Thesystem is based on the EIB (European InstallationBus) communication protocol. The energymanagement system monitors and controls thefollowing:

Heating airconditioning systemProduction of chilled/hot water through theoperationofa waterchilledgeothermalheatpump.Production of chilled/hot water through theoperationofan aircooledheatpump.Thermosiphonic panels-solar air collectors

Comfortconditions

GreenhouseSolar atriumWalls with

transparentinsulationLightingsystemCoolingsystemsAir qualityBuildingelectricity consumption monitoring

BMS screen which controls the performance of the solar air collectors .

The central control unit and the first floor control board

The control system consists of a Central Controland Monitoring Station, the EIB system sensors, EIBcommand execution devices and connectingcables.. The programming and operation of thesystem is easily carried out through the centralcontrol station. In certain rooms, the operationand selection of different modes is carried outwithlocalcontrolswhichhavemodeoptions.

The system is composed of independentstructural elements which have been selectedand connected to each other so as to allowcontrol and monitoring of the building from acentralpoint by computer. TheControlStation is

connectedby a RS232interface.The latest digital technology EIB has been use.

Theguidingcommandsaretransferred througha

pairof twistedreinforcedcablesfromthe central

unit to the decoders. The system is supplied with

lowvoltagepower(upto 24V).

bio climatic and low energy office building

Documents