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Bio 9C: Wednesday, 2.3.10Title: DNA Structure & FunctionHomework:Read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes.Summarize how DNA replicates!Read through DNA Modeling LabDo Now:Study the diagram of Genetic Information in Cells.Answer the Fill-in-the-Blanks on the back of the diagramTodays Objectives:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.

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Introduction to GeneticsDNA: Structure & Function PHA Biology 9Moretti/ DicksonIntro to Genetics:DNA Structure & FunctionGenetics: the study of heredityWhat determines an organisms traits (characteristics)?How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and from parents to offspring?DNA: the molecule that carries genetic informationDNA has two important functions:Replicate make exact copies of itself so it can be passed onCarry instructions for making proteins that determine your traitsDNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells)

Objectives for Class:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.DNA Structure and Function

What is it?DNA = Deoxyribonucleic AcidWhere do we find it?Found in the NucleusWhat does it do?Carries your genesCarries information to make the proteins that make your traits

Objectives for Class:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.

Nucleotide Base PairsDNA ChromosomesGene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a traitAnother Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

DNA Structure and FunctionDNA Structure

Objectives for Class:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.DNA Structure Building Blocks = NucleotideDeoxyribose SugarPhosphateNitrogenous Base

Nucleotides put together: Ladder: UncoiledDouble Helix: 2 long coiled strandsSides: alternating phosphates & sugarsMiddle/ Rungs of ladder: 2 Nitrogenous Bases connected by Hydrogen bonds

Objectives for Class:Identify

Objectives for Class:Identify

DNA Structure: Nucleotides Bio 9C: Thursday, 2.4.10Title: DNA Structure & FunctionHomework:Complete Discussion Questions for Part I of Modeling Lab.

Do Now:Read through the introduction of the lab

Todays Objectives:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

9DNA Structure: Base Pairing4 Nitrogen Bases: Adenine GuanineThymine Cytosine

Base Pairing:A ---- TG ---- C

} Purine} Pyrimidine

Objectives for Class:Identify

DNA Model Building Lab: Part IPart I: Constructing DNATo construct your DNA model, you will need:18 3-prong deoxyribose centers (black pentagon)18 phosphate straws (white tubes)9 Hydrogen bond (white rod)5 Adenine (A) straws (orange)4 Guanine (G) straws (yellow)5 Thymine (T) straws (green)4 Cytosine (C) straws (blue)Build 18 nucleotides Attaching 1 nitrogenous bases (red, blue, short green, or gray) and 1 phosphate to 1 deoxyribose center. Divide the work between partners.Record your DNA Sequence in the table Use one code letter per box. Corresponding nitrogenous bases will be opposite each other in the table. You will have to replicate this sequence, so make certain it is accurate.

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.DNA Structure: Images

Objectives for Class:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.

DNA Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a traitAnother Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different traitDNA and Chromosomes

Nucleotide Base PairsChromosomes unraveling into DNA DNA Replication: Overview DNA can make an exact copy of itself!Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce(during S-phase of the cell cycle)

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.DNA Replication: Overview Steps of DNA Replication1. DNA Unzips:Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairsCreates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates)Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi-Conservative).3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are producedDNA Polymerase proofreads the new strands

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.DNA Replication

Note: The RED Strand is the Original StrandObjectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.DNA Model Building Lab: Part IIPart II: Replicating DNAAlthough your model is only a short portion of DNA, its replication is the same as that of an entire chromosomeReconstruct your original DNA Sequence. Unzip your DNA sequence by breaking the hydrogen bond between the two nitrogenous bases. Observe your two separate strands. Using the other pieces in your kit, create two new strands of DNA nucleotide by nucleotide. Note that when the DNA molecule splits in half, new complimentary bases attach to the separated strands creating two new strands of DNA. Be sure your base pairs match!Be sure to construct your new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the original template!

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

How do we know about DNA Structure?Chargaff: A=T and C=GRosalind Franklin:Actual X-ray of DNAShowed double-helix structureDied young due to X-rays!Didnt get credit for her contributions pretty messed up! Watson & Crick: Built a model using this evidence(They got all of the credit initially)

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Bio 9C: Friday, 2.5.10Title: DNA Structure & FunctionThe following slides are the DNA Replication Slides with audio explanations from 2.5.10 when Mr. Moretti was at a conference.Todays Objectives:Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

20DNA Replication: Overview DNA can make an exact copy of itself!Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce(during S-phase of the cell cycle)

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.DNA Replication: Overview

Steps of DNA Replication1. DNA Unzips:Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairsCreates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates)Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi-Conservative).3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are producedDNA Polymerase proofreads the new strands

Objectives for Class:Describe the structure of DNA.Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.