bio-335 health and safety in lab. outline your responsibilities importance of pre-planning assessing...
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BIO-335BIO-335Health and Safety Health and Safety in Labin Lab
Outline
• Your Responsibilities
• Importance of Pre-Planning
• Assessing Hazards and Risks
• Working with Hazardous Materials
• Working with Equipment
• Emergency Procedures
We all have legal and moral responsibilities in health and safety for the SU community by ensuring sound and safe conditions in all our activities
We all have legal and moral responsibilities in health and safety for the SU community by ensuring sound and safe conditions in all our activities
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY
We take all necessary actions to fulfil legal obligations for the protection of the environment, through the appropriate assignment of responsibilities throughout the University, and establishment of directives, procedures and standards.
We take all necessary actions to fulfil legal obligations for the protection of the environment, through the appropriate assignment of responsibilities throughout the University, and establishment of directives, procedures and standards.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICYENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICY
Why Lab Safety?
• Legal Reasons
• Moral Reasons
• Legal Reasons
• Moral Reasons
The person best prepared to choosewill know the likely outcome.The person best prepared to choosewill know the likely outcome.
ChoicesChoices
Research employee injuries
The most common serious injuries: cuts due to careless use of razor blades.
Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Office of Laboratory Safety. All reported injuries are shown, without regard to severity
When Conducting Experiments
• Identify ALL hazards
• Ensure all safety equipment available and operative
• Follow pre-planned work procedures
• No substitution without thorough review (contact supervisor when not sure)
• Develop an Attitude of Safety Awareness
Before Starting any Work,Learn!
• Properties of materials, reagents and their prescribed safety procedures
• Be familiar with operating procedures for ALL equipment used
• Emergency spill procedures (use of adsorbents and disinfectants)
• Escape routes
• Location of fire extinguisher, eye wash, shower, first aid, and spill kits
Takes:One minute to write a safety rule.One month to put it into operation.One life to make a safe worker.
But it takes only:One second to destroy a life.
Assessing Hazards and Risks
• Risk due to hazardous materials
• Physical Hazards
– electrical
– mechanical
– temperature
– electromagnetic fields
• Biohazards
• Hazards from Radioactivity
Risks due to Hazardous Materials
• Compressed Gases
• Flammables and Combustibles
• Oxidizers
• Toxic
• Corrosive
• Reactive
General Rules for Handling Hazardous Materials (1)
• Label all containers, pipes, process vessels and storage areas
• Labels should identify the product and hazards associated with its use
• Read the label at least three times before using the products– when removing from storage– before opening the container– before actual usage
General Rules for Handling Hazardous Materials (2)
• Date containers when opening for the first time
• Maintain up to date inventory
• Regularly dispose surplus materials
• Keep chemicals stored properly
• Keep your workplace neat and organized
Handling Compressed Gases
• Gas cylinders must be properly secured
• When not in use or during transport: shut valves, relieve gas in regulator, remove regulator and re-cap
• Gas cylinders must be labeled like all other containers
Handling Compressed Gases
• Corroded bottles or cylinders should not be stored or used
• Check hoses, tubing and regulators daily
• Empty cylinders should be returned to supplier as soon as possible
• Empty gas cylinders should be marked “EMPTY”
Compression!
Rules for HandlingFlammable Materials
Storage of flammables• Use approved flammable storage
cabinets• Do not store flammables with
oxidizers• Store flammable liquids only in
approved refrigerators• Ensure all containers labelled,
including waste containers
Testing flammable cabinets
Testing flammable cabinets
Testing flammable cabinets
Rules for HandlingFlammable Materials
Precautionary Measures of flammables• Use flammable and combustible liquids
in a fume hood
• Ensure that all sparking equipment, e.g., switches, relays, thermostat, variacs are removed from the fume hood
• Ensure pressure release valve open when heating flasks of flammable liquid
And if not used/stored properly…..
Rules for HandlingCorrosive Materials
Storage• Store in corrosive storage cabinets• Store corrosives on lower shelves • Do not store acids and bases together• Do not store concentrated acids or
bases under sinks• Hydrofluoric acid (HF) must be stored in
plastic containers• Ensure all containers labelled
Storage• Store in corrosive storage cabinets• Store corrosives on lower shelves • Do not store acids and bases together• Do not store concentrated acids or
bases under sinks• Hydrofluoric acid (HF) must be stored in
plastic containers• Ensure all containers labelled
Rules for HandlingCorrosive Materials
Precautionary Measures• Use proper eye, hand and
body protection• Prevent exposure to corrosive
fumes and vapours• Pour Chemicals properly
(always add acid to water, never reverse!)
Precautionary Measures• Use proper eye, hand and
body protection• Prevent exposure to corrosive
fumes and vapours• Pour Chemicals properly
(always add acid to water, never reverse!)
Rules for HandlingToxic Materials
• Minimize exposure time (pre-planning!)• Use proper eye, face, hand and body protection• Be aware of emergency procedures• Practice good personal hygiene• Inform your supervisor of medications you are
taking if working in a hazardous area• Toxic effects on both female and male
reproduction• Inform supervisor if pregnant (many effects during
1st trimester)• Decontaminate your work space daily
Rules for Handling Reactive Materials
• Purchase only the amount you need• Date when first opened • Do not open a bottle past it’s expiration date• Do not open a peroxide former if crystals or
precipitates are present• Store peroxide forming materials (ethers,
tetrahydrofuran (THF), cyclohexene, p-dioxane, cyclooctene) away from heat and light
Reactive Materials• Monitor containers for signs
of instability (e.g., changes in colour, crystal formation, drying out)
• Store perchloric acid bottles in glass or ceramic trays
• Store water reactives away from sources of water
• Dispose properly• Plan experiments carefully• Ensure proper safety
equipment available and operative
Incompatible Chemicals• Think before you mix chemicals
(hazardous reactions, fires, toxic fumes)
• Level of incompatibility may depend on quantity used, temperature, pressure
• Store incompatible chemicals separately
• Organize experiments, reactions, to avoid mixing, unless under controlled conditions
• Review literature and MSDS prior to experiment
• Do not dispose incompatible wastes in the same container
Health and Safety at WorkplaceHealth and Safety at Workplace
Cryogenic Liquids• Cryogenic liquids: materials with boiling point
<-73°C (e.g., liquid nitrogen, helium, argon, slush mixtures of dry ice with isopropanol)
• Very small amounts of liquids produce large volumes of gas
• Rapid evaporation can lower available oxygen in the immediate area, creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere (e.g. elevators!)
• Skin contact to cryogenic liquids cause cold burns and frostbite
Cryogenic Liquids - Precautions
• Wear insulated gloves, safety glasses/face shields when handling and transferring cryogenic liquids
• Fill containers to indicated maximum level
• Perform operations (pouring) slowly
• Wear insulated gloves, safety glasses/face shields when handling and transferring cryogenic liquids
• Fill containers to indicated maximum level
• Perform operations (pouring) slowly
Electrical Hazards•Do not perform any modification/service of electrical equipments by yourself•Always remember that we have a call center that will solve your electrical/mechanical problems promptly! (#9988)
•Do not perform any modification/service of electrical equipments by yourself•Always remember that we have a call center that will solve your electrical/mechanical problems promptly! (#9988)
Mechanical Hazards
• Mechanical hazards such as this Mechanical hazards such as this open drive belt must be guardedopen drive belt must be guarded
• No loose clothingNo loose clothing• Be more careful if long-hairedBe more careful if long-haired• Tripping and slipping Tripping and slipping
• Mechanical hazards such as this Mechanical hazards such as this open drive belt must be guardedopen drive belt must be guarded
• No loose clothingNo loose clothing• Be more careful if long-hairedBe more careful if long-haired• Tripping and slipping Tripping and slipping
Vacuum Systems - Precautions
• Wear safety glasses when using vacuum systems
• Inspect glass for cracks• Wrap glass (flasks) under vacuum with
tape or vacuum hose• Wrap dewar flasks with tape• Use traps between vacuum sources
and vessels under reduced pressure
Vacuum Pumps• Vacuum pumps
should be placed on a tray to catch oil that inevitably leaks from these units.
• Vacuum equipment should be trapped or filtered as appropriate.
High Pressure Systems
• Wear safety glasses and protective gloves when using high pressure apparatus
• Check systems for leaks and possible defects• Place protective shield between you and the
apparatus• Use fume hoods designed with explosion proof sashes
where possible• Do not work alone using high pressure apparatus• Do not leave high pressure reactions unattended for
extended periods• Be aware of emergency procedures
Centrifuges
•Clean up spills immediately•Ensure load is balanced•Log all usage
Centrifuge Accident at Cornell University,
1998
Safe Use of Autoclaves
• Learn how to use, autoclave bags, proper loading and removing the waste
• Not everything is autoclavable!
• (e.g. phenol, corrosives, flammables, melting plastics)
Glassware
• Inspect glassware for cracks, stars, or stress lines before use
• Repair or discard defective glassware• Wear eye protection when working with glass
apparatus• Wear safety gloves when inserting rubber or plastic
tubing into glass• Do not wash broken glassware with other glassware• Do not mix glassware or broken glass with regular
garbage: dispose in cardboard boxes or designated containers for recycling
Control Measures
• Eye protection• Gloves• Lab coats• Footwear• Fume hoods• Emergency showers• Eyewashes• Fire extinguishers
• Eye protection• Gloves• Lab coats• Footwear• Fume hoods• Emergency showers• Eyewashes• Fire extinguishers
Eye Protection
• Use appropriate safety glasses
• Goggles for liquids• Safety glasses for
explosion risks
• Wear at all times in labs
Gloves• Minimizes contact with
hazardous agent
• Use appropriate gloves (PVC, latex, rubber, nitrile, polypropylene?)
• Check resistance chart!
• Do not wear gloves in halls or elevators
Lab Coats• Protects clothing
• Protects body
• Should have snaps
• Non-flammable fabric (i.e. not polyester!)
• Do not wash with regular clothing
• Protects clothing
• Protects body
• Should have snaps
• Non-flammable fabric (i.e. not polyester!)
• Do not wash with regular clothing
Footwear
• Closed-toed shoes must be worn in labs at all times (i.e. no sandals!)
• Shoes must cover the foot• Steel toed boots must be
worn in mechanical areas
• Closed-toed shoes must be worn in labs at all times (i.e. no sandals!)
• Shoes must cover the foot• Steel toed boots must be
worn in mechanical areas
Fume Hoods
• Chemical hoods• Biosafety hoods• Radioisotope hoods• Exhaust canopies• Recirculating hoods• Perchloric acid hoods• Hydrofluoric acid hoods
• Chemical hoods• Biosafety hoods• Radioisotope hoods• Exhaust canopies• Recirculating hoods• Perchloric acid hoods• Hydrofluoric acid hoods
Fume Hood Safety
• Never put your head into a fume hood• Minimize storage of chemicals &
equipment in a fume hood• Work with sash at indicated operating level• Raise large pieces of equipment at least 3-
5 cm above the floor of the fume hood• Do not obstruct back slots• Keep sash closed when not working in
fume hood
Emergency Showers/ Eyewashes
•Do not obstruct the access to Emergency Showers/Eyewashes (or any other safety equipment)
Emergency Showers/ Eyewashes
• Know location of emergency showers and eyewash stations
• Become familiar with operation• Wash for minimum of 15 minutes with
running water• Remove all contaminated clothing• Wait for medical assistance• Report incident
Fire Extinguishers
• Attend a fire training• Extinguish fire only
if feel comfortable• Pull fire alarm
• Attend a fire training• Extinguish fire only
if feel comfortable• Pull fire alarm
Emergency Procedures
• Fires• Explosions• Spills• Emissions• First aid• Injuries
• Fires• Explosions• Spills• Emissions• First aid• Injuries
• Report incidents, accidents, property damage
• Report incidents, accidents, property damage
Fire Extinguishers and emergency exits
• Sabancı University is equipped with a water spray system with heat/smoke sensors
• Learn the location of fire alarm buttons, fire extinguishers/cabinets and emergency exits nearest to your lab
• In case of a fire first start the alarm before trying to operate the extinguisher
Waste Disposal
• Label all wastes• Sharps containers• Solvents waste containers• Broken glass boxes• Batteries recycling
Waste Disposal - General Guidelines
• Use the dedicated containers for disposal
• Label all hazardous waste containers with hazardous waste label
• Do not mix incompatible wastes• Do not overfill waste containers• Contact lab specialist for disposal
An overnight incident
• Thermometer melted from heat
• Mercury vaporized• Rubber supports
melted• Fire burnt itself out
Weekly Lab Checks
• Purge Eyewash station
• Fire extinguisher
• First Aid Kit
• Fume Hood
• Tubings, pressurized connections
• Chemical storage
• Cap Sinks, floor drains
Find the potentials…
What’s Wrong?What’s Wrong?
#1#1
Find the potentials…
What’s Wrong?What’s Wrong?
#2#2
Find the potentials…What’s Wrong? #3
Find the potentials…
What’s
Wrong?
#4
What’s
Wrong?
#5
Find the potentials…
Accident waiting to happen!
Did this person attend to
“BIO-335 Health and Safety in Lab”
course???
Each MAT and BIO Lab has one or two Lab Responsibles.
Each instrument in the labs has responsible grad students.
All the names and contact info of responsible people are written on the doors or up the
instruments.
Before Leaving the Lab…!• Turn off
GasWaterPower linesOther non-necessary equipment
• Clean your work area• Fill in the logbooks!!!• Report any kind of abnormality in the
lab/equipments • Return ALL chemicals to storage• Lower fume hood sash • Wash your hands
Working Alone or After Hours
• Never work alone in the labs!
• Use buddy system
• Have a friend contact lab at regular intervals
Memorize Important Telephone Numbers
Health emergency
6666
Security
5555
Call center
9988