Bio 328 Immunology

AIDS

Dr. Jay Levy: first descriptions of AIDS 1981.

Luc Montagnier Robert Gallo

Peter H. Duesberg

Duesberg & Yiamouyiannis p1

China

Zimbabwe household

Agnes Dlamini, 81, with her orphan grandchildren Lindelani, 9, and Tipho, 13, on their street. Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa; August 2012. (Time 3 December 2012 p16-18.)

Mary Mokhethoa,68, with her three orphan grandchildren Itumeleng, 12, Dikeledi, 20, Lebogang, 22, and her great-granddaughter, Keamogetswe. Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa; October 2012.

Maria Mokoena, 62, with her seven orphan grandchildren. Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa; October 2012.In 2003, Mokoena began taking care of grandchildren Ernest, now 21, and Lebusa, now 17, after her eldest daughter died of HIV/AIDS. This May, her second daughter also died of the disease, leaving her to raise five more grandchildren.

Francina Moloi, 56, with her twin orphan granddaughters, Thuli and Thulisile, 16, and her one-year old great-grandchild, Mthobisi, in front of their one-room house. Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa; October 2012.

Violet Mamogobo, 56, with her granddaughter Lerato, 12, in front of their house. Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa; September 2012. When her daughter died of AIDS in 2006, Mamogobo didn't know anything about HIV. "I thought she was sick because of stress," she says. Mamogobo now takes care of her HIV-positive son, as well as her granddaughter.

Time 3 December 2012 p16-18.

Gaetan Dugas “Patient 0” (1984)

David Carr, sailor (apprentice printer) of Manchester, died at 25 of pneumonia of unidentified cause.

1990 HIV isolated from preserved tissue of David Carr by Dr. Gerald Corbitt, director of Clinical Virology of Manchester Royal Infirmary.

David Ho (1995): sequencing of the Carr-HIV isolate; testing samples of kidney and bone marrow tissue of David Carr.

1. Colonization, forced labor and increased demands for meat.

2. Colonization and mass displacement of labor.

3. Colonization, charity, and curative and preventative treatment of infectious disease (sleeping illness, malaria, venereal diseases) by IV injection and reuse of needles and syringes.

4. Independence and chaos: urban prostitution.

5. Stabilization of Africa by UN soldiers and export of HIV to Haiti.

6. Haitian blood product industry and export of HIV: globalization.

Inhibition of infection by CCL3L1

HLA-tetramers used to quantify early anit-HIV T-cell responses.

HIV

CD8+

Anti-HIV therapy

Nucleotide Reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.

Three-year treatment with Idinavir, zidovudine, lamivudine

Proportion of patients with serum HIV RNA <50 copies/ml)

Thimothy Ray Brown“Berlin Patient”

Matt Sharp“Patient 01-203

CCR5-32 (deletion 794-825)

The End