bio 119 power point
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ANGUILIFORMES
ANTONIO, JELLY
2009-29460
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Family Anguillidae(freshwater eels)
Eyes well developed
Posterior nostril in front ofeye.
Jaws well developed, withthe lower jaw invariably thelonger
The teeth are concealed by
thick lips All fins without hard spines
Gill openings paired, wellseparated left and right side
openings as small vertical
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Family Chlopsidae(false morays)
Have dorsal fin originatingabove or behind the gillopening
Median fins are continuousaround the tail
Mouth reaches beyond therear margin of the eye;
Teeth are small and pointed(3 rows on the jaw, 2separate rows in the vomer)
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Family Colocongridae(shorttail eels)
Fused parietals
Presence of well-developed
hypohyals
Relatively short tail
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Family Congridae(conger eels)
Long dorsal fin nearlyreaching the pectoral fin
Have an upper jaw longer
than the lower jaw
A complete lack of scales
Ethmoid processes are absent
The posterior teeth of themaxilla are markedlyenlarged and pointed forward
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Family Derichthyidae(longneck eels)
Body elongate, scaleless,compressed posteriorly,constricted between headand pectoral fins in
Snout blunt or long
Eyes well developed
Mouth reaching to or almostto posterior eye margin
Caudal fin truncate,confluent with dorsal andanal fins.
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Family Heterenchelyidae(mud eels)
Morphological adaptations toburrowing:
reduced eye size
a caudoventral orientation ofthe anteromedial section ofthe adductor mandibulaemuscle complex
posterior position of the
quadrate-mandibular joint
a solid conical skull
large insertion sites of
epaxial and hypaxial muscleson the neurocranium
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Family Moringuidae(worm/spaghetti eels)
Small elongated cylindricalbody giving a worm-likeappearance
Has a strongly protrudinglower jaw
At maturity, they changetheir color to dark on the
bck, silvery below Reduced eyes
Low or absent paired verticalfins
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Family Muraenesocidae(pike congers)
Have a slender pointed head
Lower jaw has a typical
bump, fitting in a notch ofthe upper jaws
Gill openings are large,extending from the pectoral
fin bases to near the ventralmidline, almost meeting inthe middle
All pike congers are strictly
marine
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Family Muraenidae(moray eels)
Prsence of big gape
Exhibit an innovative feedingmechanism that allows themto transport large prey itemsfrom the oral jaw all the way
back towards the esophagususing the pharyngeal jaws
Stout and robust neurocranialelements
An elongated lower jaw asthe result of the posteriorposition of the quadrato-mandibular articulation
Enlarged teeth of oral jaws
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Family Myrocongridae(thin eels)
Slender body
Snout relatively long and
depressed
No lips
Eye oval and large
Neurocranium very slender
Teeth prominent and sharp inintermaxillary and inner rowsand maxillary and dentary
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Family Nemichthyidae(snipe eels)
Both jaws are prolonged into a slender bill
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Family Nettastomatidae(duckbill eels)
Caudal displacement of thehyomandibula bone,quadrate-mandibulararticulation and opercle-hyomandibular joint
Decrease in the depth of theneurocranium
Immobile, long maxilla and
well-developed adductormandibulae complex
Food obtained by powerfulbiting.
Jaw elongation provides more
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Family Ophichthidae(snake eels)
Often with striking coloration
Occur from the equator towarm temperate regions
Have an upper jaw distinctlylonger than the lower jaw
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Family Serrivomeridae(sawtooth eels)
Rows of saw-like teeth along the roof ofthe mouth
Elongate naked body
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Family Synaphobranchidae(cutthroat eels)
Live at great depths in theAtlantic, Indian and Pacificoceans
Parasitic characteristics :
stretchable skin around thesmall terminal mouth opening
Cutting-edge teeth
Stout mouth closingapparatus with largeassociated muscles
A large tongue-like secretory
structure
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"The Eels." Gulf of Maine Research Institute. Web. 10 Oct. 2011..
Randall, John E. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. UniversityOF Hawaii. Google Books. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.
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Eagderi, Soheil. "Structural Diversity in the Cranial Musculoskeletal System inAnguiliformes." Universiteit Gent (2009-2010). Print.
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. CITES Identification Guide toFreshwater Eels. Rep. Natur Vards Verket, Mar. 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.
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