binding nature of award- a study

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“AWARD AND ITS BINDING NATURE”

(Term Paper submitted towards the partial fulfilment of the assessment in the subject of Labour Law I)

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ANURADHAANURADHA PARIHAR PARIHAR MR. PARVEEN MR. PARVEEN

ROLLROLL NO NO.770.770

SSUKANYAUKANYA BBHATTACHARYAHATTACHARYA F FACULTYACULTY OFOF LLAWAW

R R OLLOLL N NOO. 780. 780

UG VIIth Semete! UG VIIth Semete!

NNATIONALATIONAL LLAWAW UUNIVERSITYNIVERSITY, J, JODHPUR ODHPUR SSUMMER UMMER SSEMESTER EMESTER

(May – Nov!"# $%&'(May – Nov!"# $%&'



TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................."

TABLE OF CASES..................................................................................................................#

I NTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................$

R ESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................%

WHAT IS AN AWARD&...........................................................................................................7

B'() De*(+(t(,+...............................................................................................................7

F(+'- '+ I+te!(m '/'!...................................................................................................8

C,m!,m(e A/'!.........................................................................................................1

BINDING NATURE OF AWARDS..........................................................................................."#

Ge+e!'- D()2(,+........................................................................................................"#

E3)et(,+ t, 4e+e!'- -'/ ,* ),+t!')t............................................................................."$

5Et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te................................................................"%

S2mm,+(+4 '+ ,(+e! ,* P'!t(e................................................................................"7AWARD9 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS............................................................................."1

F,!m ,* A/'!..............................................................................................................."1

P26-()'t(,+ ,* A/'!...................................................................................................."1

C,mme+)eme+t ,* '/'! '+ N't2!e ,* 2()('- I+te!*e!e+)e.....................................#0

CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................#"

BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................#$

#



TABLE OF CASES

• Amalgamated Coffee Estates ;. Their Wormen ?"1%@ # LL ""0 SC.

• Anaapalla Co!op Agricultural and Industrial "ociet# ;. Its Wormen ?"1%# #

LL %#" SC

• $irla Cotton "pinning and Wea%ing &ills Ltd' ;. Its Wormen ?"1%# I LL %#

SC.

• Christopher Pimenta ;. LIC AIR "1@8 B,m. @".

• Co and ings Ltd' %' Their Wormen ?"177 I LL 7" SC.

• *ochtief +ammon ;. Industrial Tribunal ?"1% # LL %0.

• *otel Imperial ;. *otel Worers ,nion ?"1@1 II LL @ SC.

• India Paper Pulp co' %' India paper Pulp Worers AIR "11 FC "8.

• Indian -#gen Ltd' ;. Their Wormen AIR "1%1 SC $0%.

• Llo#ds $an Ltd' ;. Llo#ds $an . Indian "taff Association AIR "1@% SC 7%

• P' Pathumma $ee%i ;. Chief "ecretar# ?"1%8 " LL 00 Ke!..

• /emington /and co' ?"1%7 II LL SC

• "tate of $ihar ;. 0'1' +anguli ?"1@8 II LL %$ SC.

• Tobacco 2riends ,nion3 "aharanpur ;. "tate of ,'P' and -rs AIR "1@8 A--.

%88.

• Wormen of *industan Le%er %' *industan Le%er Ltd' 456789 Lab' I'C' :;<

("C)'

• Wormen of Tra%ancare /a#ons Ltd' %' Tra%ancore /a#ons Ltd' ?"1%7 I LL

@"8 Ke!.



CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The (+2t!('- ,m'(+ ( ,+e ,* the m,t (m,!t'+t *')et ,* e;e!< +'t(,+'- e),+,m<. A

he'-th (+2t!< ( ee+t('- *,! the !,4!e '+ /e-- 6e(+4 ,* the +'t(,+. A 2)h>

(!2t(,+ ,* the (+2t!< 2e t, ';,('6-e !e',+ -(=e (+2t!('- (2te h,2- 6e

m(+(m(e. I+ '(t(,+ t, th(> the 'm,2+t ,* !e,2!)e /'te 2e t, (+2t!('- (2te

( 6< (te-* !e',+ e+,24h t, )'-- *,! the ee< !e!e'- ,* the 'me.

De'(. .> (+ Wormen of *industan Le%er ;. *industan Le%er Ltd'"!em'!=>

5The concept of compulsor# adjudication of industrial disputes was statutoril# ushered inwith a %iew to pro%iding a forum and compelling the parties to resort to the forum so as

to a%oid confrontation and dislocation in industr#' A de%eloping countr# lie India can ill

afford dislocation in industrial production' Peace and harmon# in industr# and

uninterrupted production being the demand of the time3 it was considered wise to arm the

go%ernment with the power to compel the parties='>

E;e+ th,24h the '!t()2-'! !em'!= /' (+ the ),+te3t ,* '!6(t!'t(,+> the 'me )'+ 6e he-

*,! '-- ,!t ,* -'6,2! ':2()'t(,+. I+ *')t the e;,-2t(,+ ,* -'6,2! (2te !e,-2t(,+ -'/

(+ I+(' 4(;e ,me (+(4ht (+t, th( ;e!< *')t.

It /' (+ "1#0 th't the *(!t T!'e D(2te A)t /' e+')te (+ I+('. Th( A)t ( +,t

h';e '+< !,;((,+ ,* the ,-2t(,+ ,* (+2t!('- (2te. Th( /' !eme(e ,,+

e+,24h> 6< the "1#1 T!'e D(2te A)t (+ /h()h t'te (+te!;e+t(,+ (+ t!'e (2te /'

*(!t (+t!,2)e. The m'(+ 2!,e ,* the A)t /' t, (+t!,2)e ' <tem t, !,;(e '

),+)(-('t,!< me)h'+(m t, 6!(+4 '6,2t the e')e*2- ett-eme+t ,* (+2t!('- (2te.

E;e+ th,24h the ')t /' 'me+e ,+)e '4'(+ (+ "1$8> (t /' 2!(+4 the Se),+ W,!-

W'!> /(th the !,m2-4't(,+ ,* the De*e+e ,* I+(' R2-e th't the +e3t te *,!/'! /'

t'=e+ (+ th( !e4'!. It /' (+ thee !2-e th't the '/'! /e!e m'e -e4'--< 6(+(+4 ,+

" Workmen of Hindustan Lever v. Hindustan Lever Ltd. [1984] Lab. I.C. 276 (SC).

@



the '!t(e. Th,24h !,m2-4'te 2+e! the t!e ,* the eme!4e+)< ,* ' W,!- W'!> th(

/' '+ (m,!t'+t te *,!/'!> '+ /he+ the I+2t!('- (2te A)t> "17 /' *(+'--<

'e> (t ),+t'(+e m'+< !,;((,+ *!,m thee !2-e.#

A 2)h ,+e ,* the m,t (m,!t'+t me'2!e *,! (2te !e,-2t(,+ 4(;e+ (+ the A)t '!e (+

the *,!m ,* L'6,2! C,2!t '+ T!(62+'-> '+ '-, ':2()'t(,+ 2+e! S."0A. The

!ee+)e ,* thee '2th,!(t(e '+ thee m,e ,* !e,-2t(,+ /,2- 6e +,th(+4 h,!t ,* '

*'!)e 2+-e the e)((,+ ,* thee '2th,!(t(e /e!e +,t 4(;e+ the !ee)t th't the<

ee!;e. It ( *,! th( !e',+ th't the '/'! ,* thee 6,(e +ee t, 6e m'e 6(+(+4 ,+

'-- the '!t(e. I* +,t> the '!t< *,! /h,m the '/'! eem t, 6e 2+:2t )'+ )-'(m t, +,t

,6e< the te!m ,* the '/'! '+ e*e't the e+t(!e !,)e ,* ':2()'t(,+ '+ ;e!< ,*te+>

the e+ ,* :2t()e t,,. He+)e (t ( ee+t('- th't the '/'! ,* thee 6,(e 6e 4(;e+ '

6(+(+4 *,!)e 6< the t't2te (te-*.

It ( t, th( e+ th't the I+2t!('- (2te ')t> "1$7> (+ Se)t(,+ "8 m'=e the '/'! ,*

thee 6,(e *(+'- '+ 6(+(+4 ,+ '-- '!t(e (+;,-;e. Th( 'e! ( ' t2< ,+ th(

6(+(+4 +'t2!e ,* the '/'!> '+ /h't (t e+t'(-.

H,/e;e!> 6e*,!e 4ett(+4 (+t, the et'(-> ,+e ,the! *')t m2t 6e =et (+ m(+. Th't ( the

(2e ,* e+*,!)eme+t ,* the '/'!. The!e '!e *,2! meth, ,* e+*,!)(+4 '+ '/'!. The<

'!e ( 6< m,;(+4 the '!,!('te 4,;e!+me+t t, !,e)2te the e*'2-t(+4 '!t< 2+e!

e)t(,+ #1> (( A-()'t(,+ 2+e! Se)t(,+ $$C *,! !e),;e!< ,* m,+e< ((( 6!e')h ,* the

'/'! (te-* !'(e ' '+ (+2t!('- (2te$> '+ (; (+t(t2te ' )(;(- 2(t *,! e3e)2t(,+

!,)ee(+4. O2t ,* thee *,2! ,+-< ,+e> the '-()'t(,+ 2+e! S. $$C ( the !e'--<

e**e)t(;e ,+e. A-- ,the! '!e t(me ),+2m(+4 '+ e-*9e*e't(+4 !,;((,+. Th( (

'+,the! !e',+ /h< the 6(+(+4 +'t2!e ,* the '/'! h,2- 6e t't2t,!(-< e)2!e.

# O. P. M'-h,t!'> Law of Industrial 0isptes %th e+.> E.M. R', et '-. e.> Ne/ De-h( B2tte!/,!th> #00

't #'$ India Paper Pulp co' %' India paper Pulp Worers AIR "11 FC "8.

%



CHAPTER 2: WHAT IS AN AWARD?

Ba)*+ D*-*.*o-

The te!m 5'/'! (+ the I+2t!('- D(2te A)t> h' ' m2)h m,!e +'!!,/ me'+(+4 th'+

the ,+e 2e (+ 4e+e!'- :2!(!2e+)e. $lac?s Law 0ictionar# e*(+e (t ' 5 a final

judgment or decision3 especiall# one b# an arbitrator or a jur# assessing damages'>

I+ the I+2t!('- (2te A)t> "17> e;e+ th,24h the te!m h' the 'me me'+(+4 in

essentia3 (t ( m2)h m,!e +'!!,/e ,/+. Se)t(,+ #> the e*(+(t(,+ Se)t(,+ '-, e*(+e

5'/'!. A+ '/'!> ')),!(+4 t, th( e*(+(t(,+ m2t 6e meet(+4 th!ee )!(te!(' t, 6e

)'--e ,+e 2+e! the IDA. The< '!e

( It m2t 6e '+ (+te!(m ,! *(+'- ete!m(+'t(,+

(( It m2t 6e '+ (+2t!('- (2te ,! '+< J2et(,+ !e-'t(+4 the!et, th't m2t 6e

ete!m(+e> '+

((( It m2t 6e 6< '+< L'6,2! ),2!t> I+2t!('- T!(62+'-> N't(,+'- T!(62+'- ,! '+

'!6(t!'t,! 2+e! Se)t(,+ "0A.@

The e*(+(t(,+ ( '+'-,4,2 (+ ,me !ee)t t, the e*(+(t(,+ ,* 5e)!ee (+ S.# # ,* the

CPC. It -'(+-< !eJ2(!e '+ (+2t!('- (2te ,! '+< J2et(,+ !e-'t(+4 the!et,> t, 6e

determined 6< the ':2()'t,! /h, h' t, 6e ' L'6,2! C,2!t> I+2t!('- T!(62+'->

N't(,+'- T!(62+'- ,! '+ '!6(t!'t,! 2+e! Se)t(,+ "0 A.

The ete!m(+'t(,+ th't ( ,=e+ ,* (+ the e*(+(t(,+ ,e +,t (4+(*< ' te!m(+'t(,+ ,* '--

!,)ee(+4 6e*,!e the ':2()'t(+4 6,< 6< ,+e me'+ ,! the ,the!. It ,+-< (4+(*(e the

ett-eme+t ,* '+ (+2t!('- (2te (+ (t e+t(!et<> (+ /h()h )'e !,)ee(+4 m'< 6e

te!m(+'te> ,! the ett-eme+t ,* ' '!t()2-'! J2et(,+ !e-'t(+4 t, '+ (+2t!('- (2te> (+

$lac?s Law 0ictionar# 7th e+.> B.A. G'!+e! et '-. e.> St. P'2-> M(++e,t' Wet G!,2 P26-(h(+4>

"111 't "$#.@ "upra +,te # 't 77.

7



/h()h )'e !,)ee(+4 )e!t'(+-< /(-- +,t 6e te!m(+'te. H,/e;e!> /h't ( ),mm,+ t,

6,th ( th't th( ete!m(+'t(,+ m2t 6e ,+ me!(t.%

/*-a0 a-1 I-.#*! a2a#1

The e*(+(t(,+ ,* 5'/'! *'-- (+t, t/, '!t. The *(!t '!t ),;e! the (+te!(m ,! *(+'-

ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* '+ (+2t!('- (2te /h(-e the e),+ '!t !,;(e *,! the (+te!(m ,!

*(+'- ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* ' J2et(,+ !e-'t(+4 t, th't (2te.7 He+)e (t ( ;e!< )-e'! th't the

A)t '-, e+;('4e (+te!(m '/'!. The /,! (+te!(m ,! *(+'- ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* '+<

(+2t!('- (2te ,! ,* '+< J2et(,+> +e)e'!(-< (+;,-;e '+ '-()'t(,+ ,* the m(+ ,* the

t!(62+'- t, the !,6-em (+ *!,+t ,* (t . The ete!m(+'t(,+ m'< 6e *(+'- ,! (+te!(m 6e)'2ethe!e ( ),e *,! 2)h ete!m(+'t(,+ e;e+ (+ the (+te!(m t'4e /h(-t the e+J2(!< (+t, the

(2te ( t(-- (+ !,4!e. I+ '+< )'e the!e h,2- 6e ' ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* the (2te (+ '

e+e th't (t h,2- +,t 6e -e*t (+),m-ete '+ 2+!e,-;e> 6e)'2e the e3!e(,+

5ete!m(+'t(,+ (m-(e th't the ':2()'t,! h' t, ':2()'te 2,+ the /h,-e ,* the

(2te ,! J2et(,+ ' !e*e!!e t, h(m. He+)e he )'++,t -e';e ' '!t ,* (t t, 6e !e,-;e 6<

the '!t(e. Th( =(+ ,* '/'! ( )'--e ' '!t('- '/'!> '+ ),2+t ' +, '/'! 't '--.

The!e h' t, 6e ' ete!m(+'t(,+ ),m-ete-< ,+ the (2e '+ +, (e )'+ 6e -e*t

2+!e,-;e.8

I+ $irla Cotton "pinning and Wea%ing &ills Ltd' ;. Its Wormen1 ' '!t ,* the (2te

!e4'!(+4 the t'+'!('t(,+ ,* the /'4e t!2)t2!e 2+!e,-;e t, 6e !e,-;e 6< the

'!t(e theme-;e /(th the (!e)t(,+ th't ' :,(+t ),mm(ttee 6e *,!me /h()h h,2- 4,

(+t, the m'tte! th,!,24h-< '+ (+;et(4'te the '+,m'-(e (+ the )'te4,!(e. The S2!eme

C,2!t h,/e;e!> !em'+e the )'e 6')= t, the T!(62+'- )(t(+4 the !e',+ th't the T!(62+'-

(te-* h,2- h';e e)(e th't J2et(,+ '-,> (* !eJ2(!e /(th the he- ,* 'e,!. Th2>

% Wormen of Tra%ancare /a#ons Ltd' %' Tra%ancore /a#ons Ltd' ?"1%7 I LL @"8 Ke!.7 Co and ings Ltd' %' Their Wormen ?"177 I LL 7" SC.8 "upra +,te # 't 78.1 $irla Cotton "pinning and Wea%ing &ills Ltd' ;. Its Wormen ?"1%# I LL %# SC.

8



'!t('- ':2()'t(,+ ,* ' (2te ( +,t the ete!m(+'t(,+ ' ),+tem-'te 6< the e*(+(t(,+

,* 5'/'!."0

F2!the!> (+ *otel Imperial ;. *otel Worers ,nion"" the S2!eme C,2!t ,(+te ,2t the

':2()'t,! m'< 4(;e '+ '/'! '6,2t the e+t(!e (2te 't the e+ ,* the !,)ee(+4

/h()h /(-- 6e the *(+'- ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* the (+2t!('- (2te !e*e!!e t, (t. It ( '-, ,e+

t, the ':2()'t,! t, m'=e the '/'! '6,2t ,me ,* the (2e !e*e!!e t, (t /h(-e ,the!

!em'(+ t, 6e ete!m(+e. Th( /,2- 6e ' ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* m'tte! e)(e '+ /,2- 6e

'+ (+te!(m '/'!. Whethe! the '/'! ( (+te!(m ,! *(+'-> (t h' t, 6e 26-(he 2+e!

Se)t(,+ "7 ,* the A)t.

3o!4#o!*) A2a#1

The A)t ,e +,t ),+t'(+ '+< !,;((,+ e)(*()'--< '2th,!((+4 '+ (+2t!('- ':2()'t,!

t, !e),! ' ),m!,m(e '+ ' '+ '/'! (+ (t te!m. B2t th( ,e +,t me'+ th't the

t!(62+'- ( !e)-2e *!,m t'=(+4 +,te ,* ' ),m!,m(e e+te!e (+t, 6et/ee+ the /,!=e!

'+ the m'+'4eme+t. I+ "tate of $ihar ;. 0'1' +anguli"# the 2!eme ),2!t ,6e!;e th't

5it would be %er# unreasonable to assume that the industrial tribunal would insist upon

dealing with the dispute on merits e%en after it has been informed that the dispute has

been settled amicabl# between the parties. H,/e;e!> th( ,6e!;'t(,+ /' +,t '!t ,* the

ratio (+ th't )'e '+ /' me!e-< obiter . Wh(-e the B,m6'< H(4h C,2!t '-, /' ,* the

'me ,(+(,+> the M'!'> MP> AP> '+ P't+' H(4h ),2!t h';e t'=e+ the ;(e/ th't e;e+

(* the '!t(e t, ' (2te ),me t, ' ett-eme+t 6< m2t2'- ()2(,+ ,2t(e the *(e- ,*

(+2t!('- ':2()'t(,+> t(-- the T!(62+'- )'++,t '6()'te (t 2t(e t, *(+ ,2t the !,)e

6< /h()h the ett-eme+t h' 6ee+ '!!(;e 't '+ /e(4h the !, '+ ),+ ,* the 'me >

'-< (+ee+e+t-< (t m(+ t, (t '+ the!e'*te! ete!m(+e the J2et(,+ ,! (2te (+ the-(4ht ,* 2)h ett-eme+t. I+ ,the! /,! ' me!e me)h'+()'- ',t(,+ ,* the ett-eme+t ,* '

(2te !e,!te t, the T!(62+'- 6< the '!t(e /(th,2t '+< *2!the! !,6e (+t, (t !,!(et<

'+ the /'< (+ /h()h (t /' '!!(;e 't '+ /(th,2t ),+(e!(+4 ' t, /hethe! the

"0 "upra +,te #> 't 78."" *otel Imperial ;. *otel Worers ,nion ?"1@1 II LL @ SC."# "tate of $ihar ;. 0'1' +anguli ?"1@8 II LL %$ SC.

1



ett-eme+t ( !e'--< the ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* the (2te ,! the J2et(,+> /,2- +,t 'm,2+t t,

'(+4 '+ '/'! (+ the !e'- e+e e;e+ th,24h 2)h '/'! -(te!'--< t'te th't (t ( ,+e ,+

te!m ,* the ett-eme+t !e')he. The !e',+ ( th't '+ '/'! m'e ( 2e t, the !,;((,+

,* S. "8> 6(+(+4 ,+ '-- /,!=me+ /hethe! the< '!e !e!ee+te 6e*,!e the t!(62+'- ,! +,t.

He+)e the '+4e! ,* the m'+'4eme+t m'=(+4 ' ett-eme+t /(th ' 4!,2 ,* em-,<ee '+

!ee+t(+4 (t 6e*,!e the t!(62+'- e3(t. Th( (t2't(,+ /,2- 6e 2+'))et'6-e t, m,t ,*

the em-,<ee 62t ,+)e the '/'! ( m'e> (t /,2- 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ them t,,> the!e6< +,t

')t2'--< 6e(+4 the ete!m(+'t(,+ ,* the (2te ,! J2et(,+ ,+ me!(t ' ( e+;('4e 6<

the A)t."$

The!e*,!e> *,! !e',+ ,* )'2t(,+> the !ee'!)he! /,2- -(=e t, t'=e the -'tte! ;(e/ '+

2,!t the ;(e/ t'=e+ 6< the ;'!(,2 H(4h C,2!t )(te '6,;e '+ +,t th't ,* the

S2!eme C,2!t ,6(te! (+ the +anguli )'e. Th( ( 6e)'2e the e),+ ;(e/ ,e +,t

!,h(6(t the ),+;e!(,+ ,* ' ett-eme+t (+t, '+ '/'!. It me!e-< t(2-'te th't the t!(62+'-

h,2- 2e (t m(+ (+ee+e+t-<> 4, (+t, h,/ the ett-eme+t /' '!!(;e 't> ),+(e!

/hethe! (t ( ' :2t '+ *'(! !e,-2t(,+ ,* the (2te (+ J2et(,+ '+ (* (t ( 't(*(e th't

the ett-eme+t '!!(;e 't ( (+ *')t the 6et ,(6-e !e,-2t(,+ ,* the (2te ,! J2et(,+>

the+ (t m'< em6,< (t ' the *,2+'t(,+ ,! ' the /h,-e ,* the '/'!. The =e< 'e)t ,*

the ;(e/ ( th't the t!(62+'- m2t -,,= 6eh(+ the me!e !e,!t ,* ' ett-eme+t '+ 4, (+t,

the me!(t ,* the (2e. It ( ')=+,/-e4e th't th( m'< ,*te+ 6e ' -'6,!(,2 '+ t(me

),+2m(+4 !,)e '+ m'< 6e t,t'--< 2++e)e'!< (+ the bona fide )'e> 62t (t ( the

h2m6-e ,(+(,+ ,* the !ee'!)he! th't the e+ ,* :2t()e /(-- 6e 6ette! e!;e ,.

"$ "upra +,te #> 't 8.

"0



CHAPTER 3: BINDING NATURE OF AWARDS

G-#a0 D*)+5))*o-

Se)t(,+ "8 ,* the IDA" ( the !,;((,+ th't !,;(e *,! '/'! t, 6e 6(+(+4. A 6'!e

e!2'- ,* the e)t(,+ /(-- h,/ th't (t e'- /(th th!ee t<e ,* ':2()'t(,+ '+ the

(**e!e+t e**e)t th't (t h' ,+ the '!t(e /(th !ee)t t, the 6(+(+4 +'t2!e.

S. "8" e'- /(th ' ett-eme+t '!!(;e 't 6< '4!eeme+t /(th the em-,<ee '+

m'+'4eme+t ,the! th'+ (+ the ),2!e ,* ),+)(-('t(,+ !,)ee(+4 '+ h,- (t 6(+(+4,+-< ,+ the '!t(e t, the '4!eeme+t.

S."8# e'- /(th '+ '!6(t!'t(,+ '/'! th't ( +,t ,+e ),;e!e 6< the !,;((,+ ,*

Se)t(,+ "8 $ '+ h,- (t '-, 6(+(+4 ,+ the '!t(e t, the '!6(t!'t(,+ !,)ee(+4.

Se)t(,+ "8$ e'- /(th th!ee e'!'te *,!m ,* ':2()'t(,+> /h()h '!e ' ett-eme+t

'!!(;e 't (+ the ),2!e ,* ),+)(-('t(,+ !,)ee(+4 2+e! the A)t> '!6(t!'t(,+ '/'! 2+e!

" "8. P#)o-) o- 26o! )..0!-.) a-1 a2a#1) a# "*-1*-7999" A ett-eme+t '!!(;e 't 6< '4!eeme+t

6et/ee+ the em-,<e! '+ /,!=m'+ ,the!/(e th'+ (+ the ),2!e ,* ),+)(-('t(,+ !,)ee(+4 h'-- 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ the '!t(e t, the '4!eeme+t.

# S26:e)t t, the !,;((,+ ,* 269e)t(,+ $> '+ '!6(t!'t(,+ '/'! /h()h h' 6e),me e+*,!)e'6-e h'--

6e 6(+(+4 ,+ the '!t(e t, the '4!eeme+t /h, !e*e!!e the (2te t, '!6(t!'t(,+.

$ A ett-eme+t '!!(;e 't (+ the ),2!e ,* ),+)(-('t(,+ !,)ee(+4 2+e! th( A)t ,! '+ '!6(t!'t(,+ '/'!

(+ ' )'e /he!e ' +,t(*()'t(,+ h' 6ee+ (2e 2+e! 26e)t(,+ $A ,* e)t(,+ "0A ,!@ '+ '/'! ,* '

L'6,2! C,2!t> T!(62+'- ,! N't(,+'- T!(62+'- /h()h h' 6e),me e+*,!)e'6-e h'-- 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ 99

' '-- '!t(e t, the (+2t!('- (2te

6 '-- ,the! '!t(e 2mm,+e t, 'e'! (+ the !,)ee(+4 ' '!t(e t, the (2te> 2+-e the B,'!>

'!6(t!'t,!> L'6,2! C,2!t> T!(62+'- ,! N't(,+'- T!(62+'- > ' the )'e m'< 6e> !e),! the ,(+(,+ th't the</e!e , 2mm,+e /(th,2t !,e! )'2e

) /he!e ' '!t< !e*e!!e t, (+ )-'2e ' ,! )-'2e 6 ( '+ em-,<e!> h( he(!> 2))e,! ,! '(4+ (+

!ee)t ,* the et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te

/he!e ' '!t< !e*e!!e t, (+ )-'2e ' ,! )-'2e 6 ( ),m,e ,* /,!=me+> '-- e!,+ /h, /e!eem-,<e (+ the et'6-(hme+t ,! '!t ,* the et'6-(hme+t> ' the )'e m'< 6e> t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te

,+ the 'te ,* the (2te '+ '-- e!,+ /h, 26eJ2e+t-< 6e),me em-,<e (+ th't et'6-(hme+t ,! '!t.

""



S. "0A ,* the A)t> '+ '+ '/'! ,* ' L'6,2! ),2!t> t!(62+'- ,! +'t(,+'- t!(62+'- /h()h h'

6e),me e+*,!)e'6-e. It 2t '-- th!ee ,+ '! '+ m'=e (t 6(+(+4 ,+ '-- '!t(e t, the

(2te '+ '-- ,the! '!t(e 2mm,+e> 2+-e the '!6(t!'t,!> ),2!t ,! t!(62+'- !e),!

th't the< /e!e 2mm,+e /(th,2t !,e! )'2e. Whe+ 2)h ' '!t< ( '+ em-,<e!> (t (

'-, 6(+(+4 ,+ h( he(!> 2))e,! ,! '(4+ee (+ !ee)t ,* the et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h

the (2te !e-'te. Whe+ 2)h '!t< ),+(t ,* /,!=me+> (t ( 6(+(+4 ,+ '-- e!,+

em-,<e ,! '!t ,* the et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te. It '-, 6(+ e,-e

/h, /e!e 26eJ2e+t-< em-,<e (+ ,! /e!e '!t ,* the et'6-(hme+t. "@

E8+4.*o- .o 7-#a0 0a2 o +o-.#a+.

The 4e+e!'- !2-e ,* -'/ ( th't '+ '4!eeme+t 6et/ee+ t/, '!t(e 6(+ ,+-< them '+ +,t

' th(! '!t< /h, /' +,t ' '!t< t, the ),+t!')t. H,/e;e!> Se)t(,+ "8$ ) '+ '!e

e3'm-e ,* (t2't(,+ (+ /h()h '+ '4!eeme+t 6et/ee+ t/, '!t(e h'-- 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ '

th(! '+ e+*,!)e'6-e '4'(+t h(m. Th( /' !e),4+(e '+ '**(!me (+ Tobacco 2riends

,nion3 "aharanpur ;. "tate of ,'P' and -rs'"% th( ( 6e)'2e (+2t!('- (2te ,*te+

(+;,-;e (t2't(,+ (+ /h()h ' -'!4e e)t(,+ ,* the em-,<ee ( !e!ee+te 6< ,+e 2+(,+

'+ ,me 6< '+,the!> ,! /he+ the m'+'4eme+t ,* the et'6-(hme+t )h'+4e h'+. I* the

4e+e!'- !2-e '-(e> (t /,2- -e' t, m2-t(-()(t< ,* !,)ee(+4 /h()h /,2- !e2-t (+

/'t'4e ,* t(me '+ !e,2!)e. M,!e,;e! (t /,2- '-, )!e'te m,!e !,6-em th'+ (t /,2-

,-;e. M,!e,;e! !(+)(-e -(=e ' m(+,!(t< h'-- +,t 6e '--,/e t, :e,'!(e the !(4ht ,*

' m':,!(t< '+ (+te!et ,* 2+(*,!m(t< '+ (+2t!('- e')e h';e 6ee+ 2e t, :2t(*< th(."7

The /h,-e ,-()< ,* S. "8 eem t, 6e t, 4(;e '+ e3te+e ,e!'t(,+ t, '/'!. It m'=e

the '/'! 6(+(+4 ,+ the 5he(!> 2))e,!> ,! '(4+ ,* the em-,<e! (+ !ee)t ,* the

et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the t!'e (2te !e-'te> /hethe! ,! +,t the< /e!e '!t(e t, (t> ,!

/hethe! the< /e!e 2mm,+e 6< the t!(62+'- t, 6e ' '!t ,* the !,)ee(+4. B2t the

e3)et(,+ t, th( !2-e ( th't (* the he(! ,! 2))e,! ,! '(4+ ,* the em-,<e! /e!e

"@ G.M. K,th'!(> A "tud# of Industrial Law @th e+.> G.B. R', et '-. e.> N'42! W'h/' '+ C,.> #000't """."% Tobacco 2riends ,nion3 "aharanpur ;. "tate of ,'P' and -rs AIR "1@8 A--. %88."7 Amalgamated Coffee Estates ;. Their Wormen ?"1%@ # LL ""0 SC.

"#



m(+,! 't the t(me /he+ the '/'! /' m'e> the+ th( e3te+e '-()'t(,+ /(-- +,t

h'e+."8

The J2et(,+ ,* /hethe! the 2!)h'e! ,* '+ (+2t!('- ),+)e!+ )'+ 6e he- t, 6e the

2))e,! (+ (+te!et ,* the ;e+,! /' ),+(e!e 6< the S2!eme C,2!t (+ Anaapalla

Co!op Agricultural and Industrial "ociet# ;. Its Wormen"1/he!e (t he- th't 5the e)((,+

,* the J2et(,+ m2t 2-t(m'te-< ee+ 2,+ the e;'-2't(,+ ,* '-- the !e-';e+t *')t,! '+

(t )'++,t 6e !e')he 6< t!e't(+4 '+<,+e ,* them ' ,;e!!((+4 ,! ,* ),+)-2(;e

(4+(*()'+)e. I+ th't '!t()2-'! )'e the SC he- th't the ,)(et< th't h' 2!)h'e '+

(+2t!('- 2+(t 62t +,t the 4,,/(-- ,! e6t ,* ' ),m'+< ' ' 2))e,! (+ (+te!et. S,

the ),+)-2(,+ ( th't ee+(+4 ,+ the *')t ,* the )'e ' 2!)h'e! )'+ 6e he- t, 6e '

2))e,! (+ (+te!et ,* the ;e+,! /(th !ee)t t, the 6(+(+4 +'t2!e ,* '/'!. S,me ,*

thee *')t,! me+t(,+e (+ the )'e '!e

( D( the 2!)h'e! 2!)h'e the e+t(!e 62(+e&

(( W' the 62(+e 2!)h'e ' 4,(+4 ),+)e!+ 't the t(me ,* the 2!)h'e&

((( I the 62(+e 2!)h'e )'!!(e ,+ 't the 'me -')e ' 6e*,!e&

(; I the 62(+e )'!!(e ,+ /(th,2t ' 26t'+t('- 6!e'= (+ t(me&

; I the 62(+e )'!!(e ,+ 6< the 2!)h'e! the 'me ,! 26t'+t('--< (m(-'! t,

th't ,* the ;e+,!&

;( I* the!e h' 6ee+ ' 6!e'= (+ the ),+t(+2(t< ,* the 62(+e> /h't ( the +'t2!e

'+ /h't '!e the !e',+ *,! 2)h 6!e'=&

;(( Wh't ( the -e+4th ,* the 6!e'=&

;((( H' the 4,,/(-- 6ee+ 2!)h'e&

(3 I the 2!)h'e ,+-< ,* ,me '!t '+ the 2!)h'e! h';(+4 2!)h'e the

'( '!t> 2!)h'e ,me +e/ '!t '+ t'!te ' +e/ 62(+e ,* h( ,/+

/h()h ( +,t the 'me ' the ,- 62(+e 62t (m(-'! t, (t&#0

"8 P' Pathumma $ee%i ;. Chief "ecretar# ?"1%8 " LL 00 Ke!.."1 Anaapalla Co!op Agricultural and Industrial "ociet# ;. Its Wormen ?"1%# # LL %#" SC#0 Id'

"$



O+ the ,the! (e ,* the e)t!2m> 2)h '/'! '!e '-, 6(+(+4 ,+ !ee+t '+ future

/,!=me+ 6< the ,e!'t(,+ ,* C-'2e . Th( )-'2e eem t, h';e 6ee+ e(4+e t,

meet ,me (**()2-t(e (m-()(t (+ the ),--e)t(;e 6'!4'(+(+4 /(th ' *-,'t(+4 '!m< ,*

/,!=me+> ' *e/ ,* /h,m m'< +,t )h,,e t, 6e mem6e! ,* '+< t!'e 2+(,+> '+ ,+e ,!

m,!e 2+(,+ m'<> *,! !e',+ ,* the(! ,/+> +,t -(=e t, !e')h ' ett-eme+t. F!,m the

-'+42'4e ,* the )-'2e (t ( )-e'! th't /he!e ' '!t< me+t(,+e (+ )-'2e ' ,! 6 (

),m,e ,* /,!=me+> '-- e!,+ /h, /e!e em-,<e (+ ,! /e!e '!t ,* the

et'6-(hme+t> ' the )'e m'< 6e> t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te> ,+ the 'te ,* the (2te>

'+ '-- e!,+ /h, 26eJ2e+t-< 6e)'me em-,<e ,! '!t ,* the et'6-(hme+t /,2- 6e

6,2+ 6< the '/'!. Th( )-'2e 6e),me '-- the m,!e (m,!t'+t /he+ the!e '!e m,!e

th'+ ,+e t!'e 2+(,+ '+ ,+e ,! m,!e ,* them h';e (**e!e+)e /(th e')h ,the! .#"

5E).a"0*)6!-. .o 26*+6 .6 1*)45. #0a.)”

The /,! 5et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the (2te !e-'te h';e 6ee+ (4+(*()'+t-< 2e (+

S."8$ ) '+ /h()h (+()'te th't the '/'! ,! ett-eme+t me+t(,+e (+ th(

/,2- 6(+ the em-,<e! ,+-< /(th !ee)t t, the et'6-(hme+t t, /h()h the (+2t!('-

(2te 2+e! !e*e!e+)e !e-'te. I+ Indian -#gen Ltd' ;. Their Wormen:: The 'e--'+t

),m'+< h' -'+t '-- ,;e! I+(' (+)-2(+4 t/, (+ B(h'! (+)-2(+4 ,+e 't 'mhe2!>

/he!e the (2te '!,e. The U+(,+ t!(e> (+ 6et/ee+ the ':2()'t(,+ !,)e> t, )h'+4e

(t +'me '+ (+)-2e '-- em-,<ee ,* the ),m'+< (+ B(h'!> /h()h /,2- (+)-2e

'+,the! *')t,!< e-e/he!e (+ B(h'!. The S2!eme C,2!t '-(e th( -,4() '+ he- th't (t

'-(e ,+-< 6et/ee+ the ),m'+< '+ the 'mhe2! -'+t em-,<ee.

F!,m the 2e ,* th( e3!e(,+> (t ( !ett< )-e'! th't the et'6-(hme+t m2t e3(t (+ ,me

e*(+(te ,! (+e*(+(te *,!m. Whe+ the LIC /' *,!me> *,! e3'm-e> the U+(,+

G,;e!+me+t> 6< t't2te 2+(*(e the (+2!'+)e ),m'+(e (+t, ,+e et'6-(hme+t /h()h

/' the LIC '+ '-- the et'6-(hme+t ),2- +,t !et'(+ the(! (e+t(t<. A ' !e2-t> (+

#" "upra +,te #> 't "8$$.## Indian -#gen Ltd' ;. Their Wormen AIR "1%1 SC $0%.

"



Christopher Pimenta ;. LIC #$(t /' he- th't e;e+ th,24h '/'! '+ ett-eme+t '!e

m'e 6(+(+4 ,+ he(! '+ 2))e,!> the< )'+ 6(+ thee '!t(e ,+-< , m2)h ' the

et'6-(hme+t (te-* ),+t(+2e. He+)e the '/'! '+ ett-eme+t /h()h 4,;e!+e the

em-,<e! '+ em-,<ee (+ !e-'t(,+ t, ;'!(,2 (+2!'+)e ),m'+(e> 6e*,!e the t'=e,;e!

6< the LIC /e!e he- t, +,t 6(+ the LIC.

S5!!o-*-7 a-1 Jo*-1# o Pa#.*)

The ,!(4(+'- '!t(e t, '+ (+2t!('- (2te '!e th,e me+t(,+e (+ the !e*e!e+)e '+ +,+e

,the!. The!e ( +, '+)t(,+ (+ the A)t th't e3!e-< em,/e! ' t!(62+'- t, ' '!t(e t,

the !,)ee(+4. H,/e;e!> 2)h ,/e! ( +e)e'!(-< t, 6e (m-(e *!,m S."8. Th( ,/e!

( (m(-'! t, th't 2+e! O. "> R. "0 ,* the CPC t, ' +e)e'!< '+ !,e! '!t(e t, '

(2te.#

Th( ( ,* (m,!t'+)e 6e)'2e the '/'! h'-- '-, 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ 2)h '!t(e. He+)e (t (

)-e'! th't the ,/e! t, 2mm,+ '+ ' '!t(e t, the (2te )'++,t 6e e3e!)(e 6< the

t!(62+'- , ' t, e+-'!4e m'te!('--< the ),e ,* the !e*e!e+)e (te-* 6e)'2e 6'()'--< the

:2!(()t(,+ ,* the t!(62+'- t, e'- /(th '+ (+2t!('- (2te ( e!(;e ,-e-< *!,m the

,!e! ,* !e*e!e+)e 'e 6< the '!,!('te 4,;e!+me+t 2+e! S. "0" ,* the A)t. Wh't

the t!(62+'- )'+ ),+(e! (+ '(t(,+ t, the ,(+t ,* (2te me+t(,+e (+ the te!m ,*

!e*e!e+)e> '!e ,+-< the m'tte! (+)(e+t'- t, the '( (2te '+ th't +'t2!'--< 244et

)e!t'(+ !et!()t(,+ ,+ the t!(62+'- (m-(e ,/e! t, ' '!t(e t, the !e*e!e+)e 6e*,!e

(t> (+ '(t(,+ t, the ,+e th't /e!e '-!e'< !ee+t (+ the te!m ,* !e*e!e+)e.#@ I* (t eem

t, the t!(62+'- th't the '!t(e +'me (+ the ,!e! ,* !e*e!e+)e ,e +,t ),m-ete-< ,!

'eJ2'te-< !e!ee+t the (+te!et e(the! ,+ the (e ,* the em-,<e! ,! ,+ the (e ,* the

em-,<ee> (t m'< (!e)t th't ,the! e!,+ m'< 6e :,(+e /h, /,2- 6e +e)e'!< t,!e!ee+t 2)h (+te!et. Th( ,/e! the!e*,!e 6e),me (4+(*()'+t (+ the -(4ht ,* the *')t

th't the '/'! /,2- 6e 6(+(+4 ,+ them '-,. A 4,, e3'm-e *,! th( (t2't(,+ /,2-

6e the *')t ,* the Indian -#gen )'e> /he!e the!e /' '+ e**,!t t, '-, (+)-2e '-- the

#$ Christopher Pimenta ;. LIC AIR "1@8 B,m. @".# "upra +,te #> 't "8"8.#@ "upta +,te #> 't "8"1.

"@



em-,<e ,* the ),m'+< (+ B(h'! '-,+4 /(th the em-,<ee ,* the 'mhe2! -'+t>

/h, (+(t('--< !'(e the (2te. ,(+e! ,* thee '!t(e /,2- h';e me'+t th't the

'e--'+t ),m'+< /,2- h';e t, 4, 6< the te!m ,* the '/'!> +,t :2t (+ (t 'mhe2!

-'+t 62t '-, (+ '-- (t -'+t th!,24h,2t B(h'!. The ),2!t *,--,/e the !(+)(-e ,*

:,(+e t, the h(-t /he+ (t !e*2e t, '--,/ 2)h :,(+e!> '+ ( +,t e;e+ me+t(,+ the

(m-(e ,/e! t, ' '!t(e> -e'(+4 2 t, the ),+)-2(,+ th't the *')t ,* the )'e

/,2- +,t h';e me!(te 2)h (+)-2(,+ ,* '!t(e.

The te!m ,* !e*e!e+)e (+ '+< '!t()2-'! )'e ete!m(+e the 'm-(t2e ,* :2!(()t(,+ '

/e-- ' the ),e ,* the ,/e! e3e!)('6-e (+ 2)h ' )'e. H,/e;e!> /h't e3')t-< /,2-

6e the !(+)(-e 42((+4 2)h :,(+e!& The tet m2t '-/'< 6e9 Is the addition of the

part# necessar# to mae the adjudication itself effecti%e and enforceable& C,+;e!e-<> the

tet m'< /e-- 6e> would non!joinder of a part# mae adjudication proceedings ineffecti%e

and unenforceable& It ( (+ the -(4ht ,* th( tet th't the (m-(e ,/e! ,* the t!(62+'- t,

' '!t(e m2t 6e -(m(te.#%

#% *ochtief +ammon ;. Industrial Tribunal ?"1% # LL %0.

"%



CHAPTER 4: AWARD- MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

/o#! o A2a#1

Se)t(,+ "% ,* the IDA e'- /(th the *,!m ,* the '/'!. It !,;(e th't the '/'! ,* '

-'6,2! ),2!t ,! t!(62+'- ,! +'t(,+'- t!(62+'- m2t 6e (+ /!(t(+4 '+ h,2- 6e (4+e 6< (t

!e((+4 ,**()e!.#7 H,/e;e!> (+ Llo#ds $an Ltd' ;. Llo#ds $an . Indian "taff

Association#8 (t /' he- 6< the S2!eme C,2!t th't (+ '(t(,+ t, the (4+'t2!e ,* the

!e((+4 ,**()e!> the '/'! m2t 6e (4+e 6< '-- the mem6e! ),+t(t2t(+4 the t!(62+'-.

The e**e)t ,* +,t ),m-<(+4 /(th th( !eJ2(!eme+t /,2- 6e th't the '/'! /,2- 6e),me

;,( '+ (+e**e)t(;e.

P5"0*+a.*o- o A2a#1)

E;e!< '!6(t!'t(,+ '/'!> e;e!< '/'! 6< ' -'6,2! ),2!t> t!(62+'- ,! +'t(,+'- t!(62+'-

h,2- 6e e+t t, the '!,!('te 4,;e!+me+t. O+)e the 4,;e!+me+t !e)e(;e th( '/'!>

6< the !,;((,+ ,* Se)t(,+ "7> (t m2t 26-(h the '/'! /(th(+ ' e!(, ,* th(!t< '<

*!,m the 'te ,* !e)e(t. The *,!m ,* 26-()'t(,+ m'< 6e ' the '!,!('te 4,;e!+me+t

ee *(t t, 26-(h (t. H,/e;e! (t h' 6ee+ he-#1 6< the S2!eme C,2!t th't the !,;((,+

*,! 26-(h(+4 the '/'! /(th(+ th(!t< '< ,* !e)e(t ( ' (!e)t,!< ,+e me!e-<> '+ +,t '

m'+'t,!< ,+e.

3o!!-+!-. o a2a#1 a-1 Na.5# o J51*+*a0 I-.##-+

#7 "upra +,te "@> 't "0@.#8 Llo#ds $an Ltd' ;. Llo#ds $an . Indian "taff Association AIR "1@% SC 7%#1 /emington /and co' ?"1%7 II LL SC

"7



CONCLUSION

The 'e! 6e4'+ /(th ' 6!(e* ()2(,+ ,+ the ,6:e)t '+ the h(t,!< 6eh(+ the

I+2t!('- (2te. It /' 'ttemte t, h,/ h,/ the ),+)et ,* 6(+(+4 +'t2!e ,* '/'!

)'me (+t, the A)t th!,24h the (+*-2e+)e ,* the !,;((,+ ,* the De*e+e ,* I+(' R2-e.

M,!e,;e!> '!42me+t /e!e '2)e t, h,/ /h< (t /' +e)e'!< t, 4(;e 6(+(+4 *,!)e

t, 2)h '/'! (+ the ),+te3t ,* (+2t!('- !,4!e '+ (+ the (+te!et ,* e**e)t(;e

e),+,m<.

I+ the *(!t )h'te!> the e*(+(t(,+ '+ +'t2!e ,* 5'/'! 2+e! the te!m ,* the I+2t!('-D(2te A)t> "17 /e!e ()2e. I+ the I+2t!('- (2te A)t> "17> e;e+ th,24h the

te!m h' the 'me me'+(+4 in essentia3 ' (t h' (+ 4e+e!'- :2!(!2e+)e> (t 'm6(t (

m2)h m,!e +'!!,/e ,/+ t, (+)-2e ,+-< '+ (+te!(m ,! *(+'- !e,-2t(,+ ,* '+ (+2t!('-

(2te ,! ' J2et(,+ !e-'t(+4 the!et,> e)(e 6< ' L'6,2! ),2!t> t!(62+'- ,! +'t(,+'-

t!(62+'- ,! '+ '!6(t!'t,! 2+e! Se)t(,+ "09A. th( )h'te! '-, ()2e the (**e!e+)e

6et/ee+ the ),+)et ,* *(+'- '+ (+te!(m '/'!. It '-, e'- /(th ),m!,m(e '/'!

'+ h,/ the (2te !e,-;(+4 6,< h,2- '-< (t m(+ *'t((,2-< (+ 2)h )'e.

The e),+ )h'te!> /h()h *,!m the me't ,* the 'e!> ()2e (+ et'(- the 6(+(+4

+'t2!e ,* the '/'! ' ( !,;(e (+ S."8. It +,te th't the ,e!'t(,+ ,* ,me '4!eeme+t

2,+ e,-e /h, h' +,t 6ee+ '!t(e t, them ( '4'(+t the 4e+e!'- +,t(,+ ,* ),+t!')t

-'/ 62t (t 4(;e !e',+ /h< (t ( :2t(*(e (+ th( ),+te3t. The+ (t e3'm(+e /h't /,2-

6e he- t, 6e '+ et'6-(hme+t '+ '-, -,,= (+t, the ,/e! ,* the t!(62+'- (m-(e *!,m

Se)t(,+ "8 t, ' '+ 2mm,+ '!t(e t, the (2te ,+ /h,m '-, the '/'! /,2- 6e

6(+(+4. The ;'!(,2 !(+)(-e '+ tet t, 6e =et (+ m(+ 6< the ':2()'t(+4 6,<

/h(-e e)((+4 thee (2e h';e '-, 6ee+ me+t(,+e (+ ,me et'(-.

The th(! '+ *(+'- )h'te! ( ' )2!,!< 4-'+)e 't ,me ,* the ,the! !,;((,+ /h()h e'-

/(th the +'t2!e ,* the '/'! -(=e the *,!m ,* the '/'!> the meth, ,* 26-()'t(,+> the

'te ,* ),mme+)eme+t '+ the ),e *,! :2()('- (+te!*e!e+)e> (* '+< ( ,(6-e.

"1



BIBLIOGRAPHY

• $lac?s Law 0ictionar# 7th e+.> B.A. G'!+e! et '-. e.> St. P'2-> M(++e,t'

Wet G!,2 P26-(h(+4> "111 't "$#.

• G.M. K,th'!(> A "tud# of Industrial Law @th e+.> G.B. R', et '-. e.> N'42!

W'h/' '+ C,.> #000 't """.

• O. P. M'-h,t!'> Law of Industrial 0isptes %th e+.> E.M. R', et '-. e.> Ne/

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