atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Atomaire bindingen
- ionische binding- covalente binding- metallische binding
![Page 2: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ionic bonding 1
E
0E
1s
2s
2p
2 1Li :1 2s s
1s
2s
2p
2 2 5F :1 2 2s s p
between a Li atom and a F atom
![Page 3: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ionic bonding 2
E
0E
1s
2s
2p
2 0+Li :1 2s s
1s
2s2p
2 2 6-F :1 2 2s s p
gives Li+ F- molecule
IonizationPotential
(IP)
Electron Affinity (EA)
Energy cost: E = IP(Li) – EA(F)
![Page 4: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ionic bonding 3
( )U r E
Ionic binding curve:
electrontransfer
2
0
1
4
e
r
Coulombattraction
ions
( )repU r
Paulirepulsion
Binding curve has stable minimum !!
![Page 5: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ionic bonding 4
only works between very dissimilar atoms !!
![Page 6: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ionic bonding in solids
NaCl structure CsCl structure
Na+
Cl- Cl-
Cs+
common salts have ionic bonding
structure determined by relative size ions
![Page 7: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Covalent bonding 1
Model system: one electron in two wells
wells far apart wells close
ES < EA
electron wants to pull wells close !!
( )V x
![Page 8: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Covalent bonding 2
H2 molecule: two electrons in two wells
E1E 1E
SE
AE
H atom H atomH2 molecule
allowed by Pauli
![Page 9: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Covalent bonding 3
He2 molecule? four electrons
E1E 1E
SE
AE
He atom He atomHe2 molecule
no electronic bonding in He2
no stable He2 molecule !!
because of Pauli exclusion principle
![Page 10: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hetero-atomic covalent bonding
E
1s
1s
2s
2p
H F molecule
SE
AE
S
+ -H F polar bond !!
H atom F atom
![Page 11: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Poly-atomic covalent bonding 1
H2O molecule
22
1s
1s
covalent bonding gives directional bonds !!
![Page 12: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Poly-atomic covalent bonding 2
CH4 molecule: tetraeder
1s
1s
1s
1s
C hybrid orbital
![Page 13: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Covalent bonding in solids
C, Si, ... have covalent bonding
diamond structure
and compound semiconductors: GaAs, ...
![Page 14: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Metallic bonding in solids 1
positive ions
metal: one electron in many wells
( )V x
x
( )S x
x
has a wave-like character (delocalized) ( )S x
![Page 15: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
'Fermiology'
![Page 16: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Twee verschillende metalen met elkaar in contact contact-potentiaal
![Page 27: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Atomaire bindingen - ionische binding - covalente binding - metallische binding](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081717/551a743d5503463e778b6116/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Volgende (laatste) hoor-college:
Quantum theorie van electrische geleidingIsolatoren vs. (half)geleiders, supergeleiders
Terugblik op de gehele stof