Works Cited

Primary Sources

Camden. "Anno Domini 1586." The Philological Museum. Ed. The Shakespeare Institute of the

Unversity of Birmingham. University Birmingham, n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/camden/1586e.html#conspiration>. This primary

source document is Camden's account of the Babington Plot and the events revolving

around it. This document describes events during the Babington Plot and the different

rights and responsibilities both sides (Mary and Elizabeth) had in the plot. This document

adds a third point of view to sort through bias we might encounter with Queen Mary and

Queen Elizabeth's points of view.

Clouet, François. Mary, Queen of Scots. 1560. National Portrait Gallery, London. National

Portrait Gallery of London. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw04269/Mary-Queen-of-Scots?

LinkID=mp02996&search=sas&sText=queen+mary+of+scots&OConly=true&role=sit&r

No=0>. This is a portrait of Mary Queen of Scots after François Clouet seven years

before her execution. In addition to her declining health, the limitation of her rights and

the weight of her responsibilities made her pale in appearance.

"Memorial by Monsieur De Chateauneuf upon Babington's Conspiracy." Memo. N.d. Letters of

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland : selected from the "Recueil des lettres de Marie

Stuart" : together with the chronological summary of events during the reign of the queen

of Scotland. London: C. Dolman, 1845. N. pag. Print. This is a primary source written by

Monsieur De Chateauneuf, the French ambassador to England. It shows that from a

politician's perspective at that time, Elizabeth endured the heavy responsibility of keeping

diplomatic conflicts at bay.

Stuart, Mary. "To Pope Sixtus V." Letter. 23 Nov. 1586. Letters of Mary Stuart, queen of

Scotland : selected from the "Rescueil des lettres de Marie Stuart," together with the

chronological summary of events during the reign of the Queen of Scotland. London: C.

Dolman, 1845. N. pag. Print. This is a letter written by Mary to Pope Sixtus after she is

notified of her sentence. Through this it is apparent that Mary is trying to fulfill her last

responsibility and establish herself as a martyr for the spread of the Catholic religion.

Stuart, Mary. "To Queen Elizabeth." Letter to Elizabeth Tudor. 2 May 1580. Letters of Mary

Stuart, Queen of Scotland: Selected from the "Recueil des lettres de Marie Stuart" :

together with the chronological summary of events during the reign of the queen of

Scotland. London: C. Dolman, 1845. N. pag. Print. This is a letter was written during

Mary's imprisonment. It is evidence of how desperate Mary was to leave the Sheffield

Castle and regain her monarch rights, and how she would to any length to fulfill her

responsibility of a Catholic.

Stuart, Mary. Reading. The World of Mary Queen of Scots. Ed. P. Jooste. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Nov.

2013. <http://www.marie-stuart.co.uk/Letter2.htm>. This letter from Mary shows us what

her relationship with Elizabeth I was like before the Babington Plot. This letter is from

Mary's point of view, so it can give us clues at her motives for joining the plot and what

responsibilities joining the plot would create.

Stuart, Mary, Queen. "Babington Cipher." The National Archives. Ed. National Archives.

National Archives, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/spies/transcript/ma2_t.htm>. This source is a

transcript of Queen Mary's ciphered reply to Anthony Babington about her escape from

the British government. This transcript provides clues to why the cipher was used, and

what the British found suspicious about it. The message shows how Mary was cautious to

take on another responsibility and how she demanded the right to know the conspirators'

names.

Tudor, Elizabeth. "The Act of Association." Tudor Place. Ed. Jorge H. Castelli. N.p., n.d. Web.

7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/act_of_association.htm>. This

act passed by the British government was used to protect Queen Elizabeth I from plots.

This provides information on what the Babington cipher and plot were about, why it was

happening, and what the reaction was. It also shows Mary was mistrusted early on, and

that Elizabeth reserved the right to execute people plotting against her, such as Mary.

- - -. Address. Oct. 1586. 1586-1587, Letters from Queen Elizabeth I to Mary, queen of Scots and

King James VI of Scotland. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

<http://englishhistory.net/tudor/scot-letters.html>. This letter from Elizabeth I to Mary is

about the safety of Mary and the consequences of plots. The letter from Elizabeth I to

James VI is about how sorry Elizabeth I is about executing Mary. These let us see what

responsibilities Elizabeth had to carry after her cousin's execution, and some of the harder

decisions she had to make to keep the kingdom Protestant.

- - -. Speech. 1588. The Official Website of British Monarchy. Ed. Royal Household at

Buckingham Palace. Crown Copyright, n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.royal.gov.uk/pdf/elizabethi.pdf>. This speech was given by Elizabeth I to

her army on the eve of the invasion of the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth I tells her troop

there are traitors who are plotting to kill her, and that she herself would lead the army if

she could. This lets us analyze the various methods of power the Protestants used to keep

away Catholics from taking over, and the rights the Protestants thought they had to have

power.

Wynkfielde, Robert. "The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots." Memo. 1587. Tudor England.

N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. EnglishHistory.net. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.

<http://englishhistory.net/tudor/exmary.html>. This account of Mary's execution written

by Robert Wynkfielde clearly demonstrates that Mary was trying to fulfill her last

responsibility by establishing herself as a Catholic martyr and associating herself with

religious symbols and prayers.

 

Secondary Sources

Benet, William Rose. "Babington's Conspiracy." Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia. 3rd ed. New

York: Harper & Row, 1987. N. pag. General OneFile. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.

<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE

%7CA18034507&v=2.1&u=mlin_m_westonhs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w&asid=fcb604912

4e4630ce4418c50462aba84>. This is a brief reference article on the Babington Plot. It is

a paragraph from an Encyclopedia written from a general point of view.

Bledsoe, Helen Wieman. "The Babington plot." Calliope Mar. 2004: 37+. General OneFile.

Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE

%7CA116489484&v=2.1&u=mlin_m_westonhs&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w&asid=2d819c0f1

2883476cad388c4054f9768>. This article explains that even if part of the cipher was

forged, Elizabeth would still have the right to execute Mary according to the Act of

Association.

Christian Web Foundation. "Protestant Reformation." Theopedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Theopedia.

Web. 15 Oct. 2013. <http://www.theopedia.com/Protestant_Reformation>. This

secondary source is about the Protestant reformation, an attempt to convert the Roman

Catholics into Protestants. This provides background knowledge for our topic because

Queen Mary's plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth revolved around their religious beliefs.

Dunn, Jane. Elizabeth and Mary: Cousins, Rivals, Queens. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.

Print. This source compares Elizabeth to Mary and how the weight of their

responsibilities shaped their personality. These traits determined that Mary would be the

one pleading, and Elizabeth would be the one monitoring.

"Elizabeth I of England." Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th ed. Vol. 18. Chicago: Encyclopedia

Britannica, 2003. 243-47. Print. This encyclopedia entry gives a brief, one paragraph

explanation of the basic facts of the Babington Plot. It introduces some of the key

characters and concepts. It talks about the political and religious conflicts from a third

person, narrative point of view.

Emberson, Iain. "Timeline of Reformation History (1517-1685)." Christianity in View. Ed. Iain

Emberson. www.protestantism.co.uk, 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.

<http://christianityinview.com/protestant/timeline.html>. This website has information on

all 3 branches of Christianity, as well as information on the Protestant reformation and a

timeline of Protestantism. We used this source to help create our timeline of events for

the Protestant Reformation.

Erickson, Carolly. The memoirs of Mary Queen of Scots. New York: Griffin, 2010. Print. This

book is about Queen Mary's life, and how the various plots against Protestants were

formed. It shows us how the cipher had great responsibility in the Babington Plot.

The Evolution of Computers. "Timeline of Encryption History." The Evolution of Computers.

Ed. The Evolution of Computers. Evolution of Computers, 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.

<http://evolutionofcomputers.edublogs.org/history-of-encryption/>. This site contains a

timeline of important events in the history of cryptology. It helped us create a timeline of

cryptological events in our conclusion.

Fraser, Antonia. Mary, Queen of Scots. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969. Print. This

bibliography of Queen Mary shows that Mary understood that by overthrowing

Elizabeth, she could fulfill her responsibilities as a Catholic monarch, and despite the

strict surveillance, Mary tried hard to do so.

Goodare, Julian. "The Scottish Political Community and the Parliament of 1563*." Albion: n.

pag. Academic OneFile. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE

%7CA114975332&v=2.1&u=mlin_m_westonhs&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=763b97d

72cf2b92f7f3c21672fac3dc4>. This article explains the political and religious difficulties

Mary had to face after she returned from France, especially as she was seen as a foreigner

and her rights to return to the throne of Scotland were questioned.

Griffin, Benjamin. "'Locrine' and the Babington Plot." Notes and Queries 44.1 (1997): 37. Print.

This journal article is about one of the participants in the Babington Plot, it provided

useful background knowledge. It showed how even the smallest responsibilities such as

joining the plot lead to death in the end. The author has written other books on military

and similar subjects.

Guy, John Alexander. Queen of Scots : the true life of Mary Stuart. Boston: Houghton, 2004.

Print. This book provides perspective on Queen Mary as well as historically accurate

facts about the Babington Plot and other anti-Protestant plots. John Guy is a historian and

expert in British history who has published many other books on the Tudors and children

of Henry VIII. This book displays how double agents from the plots had dual

responsibilities, and how the cipher was responsible for Mary's execution.

Haws, Charles H. "Mary, Queen of Scots." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online,

2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.<http://gme.grolier.com/article?assetid=0186490-0>. This is a

secondary encyclopedia source that gives a broad perspective of what was happening

during Queen Mary's life. It was written from a third person point of view and states the

facts of her life in a relatively unbiased manner. It introduces us to the background of our

topic.

Haws, Charles H. "Mary, Queen of Scots." Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. By Arete

Publishing Company. Vol. 13. New York, N.Y.: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1984. 186-

87. Print. This is a secondary source article about Queen Mary's life. It covers her early

life, return to Scotland, plots and English captivity. This is from a negative point of view,

explaining why Mary was bad. I now think Mary wasn't as smart as I thought she was.

Hutchinson, Robert. Elizabeth's Spymaster: Francis Walsingham and the Secret War That Saved

England. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2007. Print. This book focuses on Francis

Walsingham, but also introduces some other key players. It shows different people's

responsibilities and functions in the Babington plot.

"Mary." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

<http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/51212>. This is another encyclopedia source in

which describes the background of Mary's life. It talks about Mary from her childhood to

marriage to death, providing a brief overview of what set the scene for the Babington

Plot. It tells the facts in a narrative, non-biased tone.

"Mary, Queen of Scots." Secrets & Spies. The National Archives (UK), n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.

<http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/spies/ciphers/mary/>. This webpage created by

UK's National Archives provides pictures and explanations of the letters and artwork of

Queen Mary's time. Aside from these primary sources, there's a narrative explaining the

context and details of the Babington Plot. Contrary from the Scotland source, this site is

written from Britain's point of view.

"Mary Queen of Scots beheaded." History. A&E Television Networks, 1996. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

<http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mary-queen-of-scots-beheaded>. This is a

secondary source article about the execution of Queen Mary and what led to it. This

source presents the bare facts, unbiased. This helps us understand more in depth why

Mary was executed.

Milles, Corinne. "Mary Stuart Timeline." Scribd. Scribd, 23 Mar. 2008. Web. 11 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.scribd.com/doc/2341843/Mary-Stuart-Timeline>. This is a timeline of Mary

Stuart's life. It provides us with the time of places of her imprisonment.

Robison, William B. "The Elizabethan Secret Service." The Historian 55.1 (1992): 133.

Academic OneFile. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?

sgHitCountType=None&sort=DA-

SORT&inPS=true&prodId=AONE&userGroupName=mlin_m_westonhs&tabID=T002&

searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSe

archForm&currentPosition=9&contentSet=GALE%7CA13421822&&docId=GALE|

A13421822&docType=GALE&role=>. This article talks about plots and secret doings

during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This source has useful background information on

what plots were going on between Elizabeth I and Mary, and their rights to take action

against each other. This also provides more information on what the Babington Plot was

aimed at.

"Scotland's History." Scotland's History. Education Scotland, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.

<http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/renaissancereformation/

babingtonplot/index.asp>. This secondary source provides a detailed description of not

only the Babington Plot, but Mary's life and background as well. The website is provided

by the Scottish government, so it is pretty reliable.

Singh, Simon. The Code Book: The Evolution of Secrecy from Mary, Queen of Scots, to

Quantum Cryptography. New York: Doubleday, 1999. Print. This book is not entirely

about the Babington Plot, but it gives a detailed description of the cipher and its

responsibilities in the plot. It provides insight on how Queen Mary's Cipher made people

realize the responsibility of creating a strong cipher.

Singh, Simon. The code book : how to make it, break it, hack it, crack it. New York: Delacorte,

2002. Print. This book contains information about the actual cipher Queen Mary used,

which allows us to study it more in depth and get a grasp on what allowed Walsingham to

crack the cipher. Simon Singh has many Ph.D. 's in science, and has written many books

on cryptography. This book showed us what responsibilities code-makers such as

Anthony Babington have on them, such as putting someone's life at risk.

- - -. "Mary Queen of Scots." Simon Singh. Ed. Simon Singh. COMPU-J, 2000-2013. Web. 14

Nov. 2013. <http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/maryqueenofscots.html>.

This website contains important information about the actual cipher used in the

Babington Plot. The author, Simon Singh, specializes in science and math topics and has

written books on cryptography.

Thomas, Jane Resh. Behind the mask : the life of Queen Elizabeth I. New York: Clarion, 1998.

Print. This secondary source book is about Queen Elizabeth's life and her interactions

with Queen Mary. This can provide insight to the other side of the story of the Babington

plot, so as to make our information less biased. This book shows us what rights and acts

Queen Elizabeth signed and made to protect herself from Catholic plots to take over

England.

Weir, Alison. The Life of Elizabeth I. New York: Ballantine, 1999. Print. This book paints a

picture of tension, friendship, and mutual responsibilities between the two queens. It tells

us why Mary would want to assassinate Elizabeth and why Elizabeth would want to get

rid of Mary.

- - -. Mary, Queen of Scots, and the murder of Lord Darnley. New York: Random, 2011. Digital

file. This secondary source book is about Mary's murder of her husband. This book lets

us look deeper into Mary's past to find evidence of motives to remove Elizabeth I and

write a cipher, as well as how responsibilities she already carried for her past actions

affected her in the Babington Plot.