bi 101: protists - linn–benton community collegecf.linnbenton.edu/mathsci/bio/bienekr/upload/bi...
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BI 101: Protists
Protists
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What are Protists? Historically a catch-all kingdom
Neither plant, animal, nor fungi
Molecular and biochemical comparisons are clarifying the evolutionary picture
Do not form a clade
multiple lineages
ALVEOLATES
EUGLENOZOA
RHIZARIANS
CHLOROPHYTA
STRAMENOPILE RHODOPHYTA
AMOEBOZOANS
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Kingdoms and Domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
The traditional five-kingdom system
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What are Protists?
Unifying characteristic: Eukaryotes
Diverse morphology & lifestyles:
Multicellular or single celled
Autotrophs or heterotroph
Covered in shells or cillia/flagella
Protists vs. Prokaryotes
Protists
Eukaryotic
Single-cellular and
Multi-cellular
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Asexual or sexual reproduction
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
Single-cellular
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Reproduces asexually by binary fission
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Alveolates:Diversity
Molecular similarities– DNA
Include:
Dinoflagellates
Malaria
Ciliates
Alveolates: Dinoflagellates
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Coral is a mutualism between photosynthetic dinoflagellates and a cniderian
Algae in coral called zooxanthelle
Alveolates: Dinoflagellates
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Coral Bleaching a threat
Kills zooxanthelle– the algal component
Alveolates: Dinoflagellates
Red Tides
Karenia brevis
The neurotoxin brevetoxin can kill fish
Deplete oxygen in water
Alveolates: Dinoflagellates
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Alveolates: Dinoflagellates
Bioluminescent: Noctiluca
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2xh9-UPSlU
Alveolates: Ampicomlexans
Malaria
Caused by Plasmodium spp.
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Alveolates: Malaria
Why might diseases like malaria be more difficult to
treat than a bacterial infection?
Discuss with the person next to you
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Alveolates: Ciliates
Paramecia http://s258.photobucket.com/albums/hh263/
Gerd-a-guenther/?action=view¤t=para-feed.mp4
Euglenozoans
Sleeping sickness, Tetse fly
Trypanosoma levisi
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Diatoms
Brown Algae
Water molds
Stramenopiles: Diversity
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Diatoms
• Phytoplankton
• Chlorophylls a &
c for
photosynthesis
• Intricate two-part
Silica shells
Chlorophyll
Chl a Chl c
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Stramenopiles: Brown algae
Sargassum: Important to provide habitat for marine creatures, as well as food.
Stramenopiles: Oomycetes
The water molds
Unicellular
cell wall: chitin
Flagella for mobility
Diseases:
Downy mildew in grapes
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Stramenopiles: Oomycetes
The water molds
Diseases:
Phytophthora
1854 Irish Potato famine
Sudden Oak death
Sudden Oak death Phytophthora ramorum
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Rhizaria: Foraminiferans & Radiolarians
Heterotrophs- plankton
Thread-like pseudopodia for feeding and/or locomotion
Rhizaria: Foraminiferans
Shells of Calcium carbonate--limestone deposits
Gain new ‘chambers’ to their shell as they age
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Rhizaria: Radiolarians
Shells of Silica oxide
Ameobozoans: Diversity
Amoeba
Slime molds
pseudopods
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Ameobozoans: Amoeba
Pseudopods
Unicellular
Heterotrophs
Ameobozoans: Slime mold
Physarum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leKI
3Cv9YYw&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug&feature=related
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ALVEOLATES
EUGLENOZOA
RHIZARIANS
CHLOROPHYTA
STRAMENOPILE RHODOPHYTA
AMOEBOZOANS
Rhodophyta: Red algae
Porphyra= nori
Chlorophyll a
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Rhodophyta: Red algae
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyta: Derived adaptations
Cellulose cell walls
Starch for storage
Chlorophylls a & b
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Chlorophyll
Chl a Chl c
Chl b
Chlorophyta: Green algae
Spirogyra
Ulva
Chara
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Based on the tree above, is a group which includes the
alga (red alga and green alga) alone considered a
clade?
• Now convince your partner– What do you think?
• Why do you think your answer is right?
• Did you change your mind?
ALVEOLATES
EUGLENOZOA
(Forams and Radiolarians) RHIZARIANS
CHLOROPHYTA
STRAMENOPILE RHODOPHYTA
AMOEBOZOANS
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Chloroplasts & Mitochondria see article posted on website for homework
Endosymbiosis Homework
1. Read the article posted on my website
2. Write a 1 page summary of the article
3. Include something interesting you learned from the article?
4. Due Friday in Lab/or emailed to me
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Terms to know
Endosymbiosis theory
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Protist
Prokaryote
Eukaryote