protists three groups of protists: animal-like protists plant-like protists fungus-like protists
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ProtistsProtistsThree Groups of Protists:Three Groups of Protists:
Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like ProtistsPlant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists
Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
Protist DiversityProtist Diversity200,000 species: different shapes, 200,000 species: different shapes,
sizes, and colorssizes, and colorsAll All eukaryoteseukaryotes – have a nucleus – have a nucleus
and membrane-bound organellesand membrane-bound organellesNot bacteria, animals, plants, Not bacteria, animals, plants,
fungi (the organism junk drawer)fungi (the organism junk drawer)Reproduce asexually or sexuallyReproduce asexually or sexually
ProtozoansProtozoansUnicellularUnicellular –one cell –one cellHeterotrophsHeterotrophs – they eat – they eat
other organisms or dead other organisms or dead organic matterorganic matter
Classified by how they Classified by how they movemove
PhylaPhyla of Protozoans of ProtozoansPhylum Zoomastigina Phylum Zoomastigina
“Zooflagellates”“Zooflagellates”(giardia)(giardia)
Phylum Sarcodina“Phylum Sarcodina“Sarcodines”Sarcodines”(amoeba)(amoeba)
Phylum CiliophoraPhylum Ciliophora “ “Ciliates”Ciliates”(paramecium)(paramecium)
Phylum Sporozoa “Phylum Sporozoa “Sporazoans”Sporazoans”(plasmodidium)(plasmodidium)
Sarcodines – move by extensions of their cytoplasm.
Ciliates – move by means of cilia.
Sporozoans – do not move on their own.
AmoebasAmoebas: the blobs: the blobs
No cell wallNo cell wallMove using Move using pseudopodspseudopods – –
plasma extensionsplasma extensionsEngulf bits of food by Engulf bits of food by
flowing around and over flowing around and over themthem
Amoebic dysentery Entamoeba histolyticaAmoebas feed on intestinal lining,
causing bloody diarrhea.Contaminated food or water.
FlagellatesFlagellates: the : the motorboatsmotorboats
Use a whip-like extension Use a whip-like extension called a called a flagellaflagella to move to move
Some cause diseasesSome cause diseases
Giardiasis – Giardia lambliaCramps, nausea, diarrhea, and vomitingContaminated water
Leishmaniasis – TrypanosomaSkin sores and deep, eroding lesions.Bites from sand flies.
CiliatesCiliates: the hairy ones: the hairy onesMove beating tiny hairs Move beating tiny hairs
called called ciliacilia
SporazoansSporazoans: the : the parasiteparasite
Non-motileNon-motile - Do not move - Do not moveLive inside a Live inside a hosthostOne type causes One type causes malariamalaria
MALARIA – PlasmodiumCauses severe chills, fever,
sweating, confusion, and great thirst.
Spread from person to person by the anopheles mosquito.
What are Algae?What are Algae?UnicellularUnicellular – made of one cell – made of one cellMulticellularMulticellular – made of more – made of more
than one cellthan one cellPhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic – make their own – make their own
foodfoodNo roots, stems, or leavesNo roots, stems, or leavesEach has Each has chlorophyllchlorophyll and other and other
photosynthetic pigmentsphotosynthetic pigments
Brown Algea:Brown Algea:
Giant Kelp ForestGiant Kelp Forest
Volvox: a green colonial algaeVolvox: a green colonial algae
Red algeal bloom
PhylaPhyla of Unicellular of Unicellular AlgaeAlgae
Phylum Euglenophyta Phylum Euglenophyta (euglena)(euglena)
Phylum Chrysophyta Phylum Chrysophyta (golden (golden algae)algae)
Phylum BacillariophytaPhylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms)(diatoms)
Phylum Pyrrophyta Phylum Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates)(dinoflagellates)
EuglenoidsEuglenoids::AquaticAquaticMove around like animalsMove around like animalsCan ingest food from Can ingest food from
surroundings when light is surroundings when light is not availablenot available
Euglena
Euglena contain: chloroplasts, a flagella, and an eyespot to sense where light is.
Unique because they are both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
DiatomsDiatoms: The Golden : The Golden OnesOnes
Have shells made of silica Have shells made of silica (glass)(glass)
Photosynthetic pigment Photosynthetic pigment called called carotenoidscarotenoids – give – give them a golden colorthem a golden color
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates: The : The Spinning OnesSpinning Ones
Spin around using two flagellaSpin around using two flagellaResponsible for Red TidesResponsible for Red TidesCreate toxins that can kill Create toxins that can kill
animals and sometimes animals and sometimes peoplepeople
Algal BloomsHigh temps and increase in
nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) lead to increased algae populations
Harmful to fish and humans (red tide)
All are autotrophic-meaning they can make their own food
Examples:EuglenaAlgae
Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists
PhylaPhyla of Multicellular Algae of Multicellular Algae
Phylum RhodophytaPhylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae) (Red Algae)
Phylum PhaeophytaPhylum Phaeophyta (Brown (Brown Algae)Algae)
Phylum ChlorohytaPhylum Chlorohyta (Green Algae) (Green Algae)
Red AlgaeRed Algae: :
SeaweedsSeaweedsMulticellular, marine Multicellular, marine
organismsorganismsHave red and blue Have red and blue
pigmentspigments
Brown AlgaeBrown Algae: :
They have They have air bladdersair bladders to to help them float at the surface help them float at the surface – where the light is.– where the light is.
Green AlgaeGreen Algae: :
Most live in Most live in fresh waterfresh waterCan be unicellular or Can be unicellular or
multicellularmulticellularLive alone or in groups called Live alone or in groups called
coloniescolonies
Green AlgaeGreen Algae: :
Unicellular – ChalamydomonasUnicellular – Chalamydomonas
Colonial Algae – spyrogyra, Colonial Algae – spyrogyra, volvoxvolvox
Multicelluar - UlvaMulticelluar - Ulva
Isogamy = male and female gamete identical in size
“cloning” – plants identical to each other
Sexual reproduction- create variation
Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
All form delicate, netlike All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface structures on the surface of their food sourceof their food source
Obtain energy by Obtain energy by decomposing organic decomposing organic materialmaterial
Phyla Phyla of of Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
Phylum AcrasiomycotaPhylum Acrasiomycota - - Cellular Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds
Phylum MyxomycotaPhylum Myxomycota - - Plasmodium Slime MoldsPlasmodium Slime Molds
Phylum OomycotaPhylum Oomycota - Water - Water Molds & Downy MildewsMolds & Downy Mildews
Slime MoldsSlime Molds
Live in cool moist, shady Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on places where they grow on damp, organic matterdamp, organic matter
Plasmodium Slime Plasmodium Slime MoldsMolds
Form Form plasmodiumplasmodium: a mass : a mass of cytoplasm that contains of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – cell walls or membranes – its feeding stageits feeding stage
Creeps by amoeboid Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hourmovement – 2.5 cm/hour
Plasmodium Plasmodium continued…continued…
May reach more than a meter May reach more than a meter in diameterin diameter
Form reproductive structures Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry upwhen surroundings dry up
SporesSpores are dispersed by the are dispersed by the wind and grow into new wind and grow into new plasmodiumplasmodium
Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime MoldsIn feeding mode, they exist In feeding mode, they exist
as individual amoebic cellsas individual amoebic cellsWhen food becomes When food becomes
scarce, they come together scarce, they come together with thousands of their own with thousands of their own kind to reproducekind to reproduce
May look like a plasmodiumMay look like a plasmodium
Slime molds upclose
Water and Slime molds are not in the Kingdom Fungi because their cell walls are made up of cellulose not chitin.
Water Molds and Water Molds and Downy MildewsDowny Mildews
Live in water or moist Live in water or moist placesplaces
Feed on dead organisms Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plantsor parasitize plants
Fuzzy white growthsFuzzy white growths
Water molds:
Water molds: Completely
aquatic Often
decomposers Sometimes
parasitic
Water mold attacking a fish