ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWE GREATFULLY WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND GIVE THANKS TO OUR SPEACIAL SOCIAL TEACHER AND RESPECTED SIR TO GIVE US SUCH A GREAT OPPORTUNITY BY GIVING US THE TASK TO PREPARE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION IN WHICH WE HAVE TRIED TO MAKE PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT IT AND DEVELOP OUR KNOWLEDGE .

INTRODUCTIONTHE BHUJ EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON 26 JANUARY 2001 ON THE INDIA’S 51 REPUBLIC DAY.IT WAS VERY VERY HUGE AND DISASTEROUS AND CAUSE MANY DEATHS.PEOPLE TODAY ALSO REAMEMBER ABOUT THAT AS IT HAS LEAVED VERY BIG IMPACT ON THEM. ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND ABOUT 167,000 WERE INJURED AND 40,000 HOMES WERE DESTROYED. THE EARTHQUAKE WAS 6.9 ON RICHTER SCALEAND SO IT WAS VERY DANGEROUS.IT WAS CAUSED DUE TO TECTONIC CONVERSION.

BHUJ EARTHQUAKE 2001DateJanuary 26, 2001 (2001-01-26)Magnitude7.7 Mw

[1]

Depth16 kilometres (10 mi)Epicenter locationYellow star marks epicentreCountries or regions affected IndiaMax. intensityX (Intense)Casualties19,727 believed dead, 166,001 injured [3]

The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16 UTC) and lasted for over two minutes. The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] The earthquake reached a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum felt intensity of X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The quake killed around 20,000 people (including 18 in South eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.[5]

DESCRIPTION

The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16 UTC) and lasted for over two minutes. The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] The earthquake reached a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum felt intensity of X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The quake killed around 20,000 people (including 18 in South eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.[5]

This was an intraplate earthquake, one that occurred at a distance from any plate boundary where plate tectonics create most earthquakes, so the area was not well prepared. The event was the result of stored energy in a collision margin. The shock waves spread 700 km. 21 districts were affected and 600,000 people left homeless.

The four urban centers of Kachchh namely Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau and Rapar were replanned after the earthquake. The Bhuj city which had an area of 19 square kilometer before the earthquake was expanded to an area of 56 square km. Three relocations sites were developed to decongest the inner city of Bhuj. The names of these sites are- rawalwadi, RTO and Mundra site.

The final death toll in Kutch was 12,290 Bhuj, situated only 20 kilometres (14 miles) from the epicenter, was devastated. Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj & Bhachau. Over a million structures were damaged or destroyed, including many historic buildings and tourist attractions.[6] The quake destroyed around 40% of homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in Bhuj and partly destroyed the city's historic Swaminarayan temple. In Ahmedabad, Gujarat's commercial capital with a population of 4.6 million, as many as 50 multi-storied buildings collapsed and several hundred people were killed. Total property damage was estimated at $5.5 billion and rising. The earthquake destroyed 60% of usable food and water supplies in Kutch.

The district collector Anil Mukim oversaw the early delivery of aid and equipment to affected villages but later called for aid to cease as it encouraged a "relief mentality" which would delay a return to normal life.[7]

CAUSES OF THE EARTHQUAKEBhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001: Tectonic inversion, lithospheric flexure and plate motion and comparison with Shillong and New Madrid earthquakes The Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001(Figure 1) of Mw 7.6, with focal depth of24–25 km was o of the most devastatingearthquakes outside plate boundaries. Variousseismological studies have suggestedthat it is caused by an E–W-orientedthrust1–3. Kachchh rift basin basically developedduring the Mesozoic period4 andis therefore characterized by an extensionalphase followed by a compressionalphase during closure of the basin. In thisrespect, it is analogous to the New Madridearthquake of 1811–12 in USA of almostthe same magnitude, and both the eventshave often been compared with each other5,6.But there are also several differences between the two, the most important being their distance with respect to plate boundaries.is within 200–300 km of the plate boundary(inset, Figure 1) while that of the New The epicentre of the Bhuj earthquakeMadrid earthquake is at least 2000 kmaway from any known plate boundary.However, the epicentral areas of both theseearthquakes have been associated withPrecambrian–Cambrian collision zones relatedto Aravalli–Delhi and Appalachianorogeny respectively. Such zones worldover are weak, characterized by seismicactivity.

The epicenter was near the remote Little Rann of Kutch, but within 150 to 200 kilometers of several villages and towns. The proximity to populated areas, coupled with a shallow 17-kilometer focus, resulted in massive destruction and fatalities. The area is mainly barren, with the exception of a belt of arable land stretching along the shore of the Gulf of Kachchh. The affected area also experienced magnitude 5.0 to 5.8 aftershocks for several days subsequent to the main earthquake (

Earthquake location

EARTHQUAKE LOCATION

The Mw=7.7 earthquake occurred in the morn-ing of January 26, 2001, on the Republic Day of India. The epicenter is located at 23.40ºN and 70.32ºE near Bhuj in the province of Gujarat, India (Fig. 2). The official death toll from the India government was close to twenty thousand [Bendick et al., 2001]. Thousands of houses were destroyed and more than half million of people were left homeless. Initial results indicate a shallow (~20 km) focal depth, with a roughly E-W trending thrust fault plane [NEIC; Gaur et al., 2001]. Based on the aftershock data, the rapture was estimated to have occurred along a plane with a 50-100 km along-strike length and 15-30 km down-dip rap-ture width. The slip was 1-4 m, reaching ~12 m near the hypocenter [Antolik and Dreger, 2001; Bendick et al., 2001]. This event apparently caused few surface scarps [EERI, 2001; Rajen-dran et al., 2001].

Bhuj earthquake and its tectonic setting

DAMAGE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE The 26 January 2001 earthquake in Gujarat was the most

devastating seismic event to affect the state since the last magnitude 7.7 event in 1819. More than 20,000 people died and over 167,000 injuries were reported. Both rail and highway traffic into and out of the entire Kachchh region was completely cut off for two days. Numerous bridges, dams, and ports were destroyed or severely damaged as a result of liquifaction of the blue marine clay soil on which they are constucted. Approximately 1,000,000 homes were destroyed or seriously damaged, as were many commercial, industrial, and public utility facilities. Total blackout resulted in several towns and villages; communications in Bhuj were disrupted for two days when fiber optic cables were damaged, and water supplies were affected as liquifaction caused some wells to become turbid and others tested positive for metal contaminants and anaerobic sludge .

DAMAGES BY EARTHQUAKE 2001

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKE

Many people were affected by the bhuj earthquake 2001 which was about 6.9 on richter scale.more than 20,000 people died and over 18,000 people were injuried.most of

the people lost their houses and family and were badly affected.the earthquake caused death of about 100 persons and injured hundrends more.

BY THIS PRESENTATION WE CONCLUDE THAT -IT WAS VERY DANGEROUS AND SO WE SHOULD PRAY TO GOD THAT NEXT TIME THEY MAY NOT COME AND ALSO GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE STEPS TO RECOVER THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY IT AND ALSO TO SAVE THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY SUCH DISASTERS . THE GOVERNMENT CAN ALSO PROVIDE SOME MONEY TO THE PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED SO THAT THEY CAN GO ANYWHERE ELSE AND MANAGE THERE

CONCLUSION