bgs chapter 5
TRANSCRIPT
History Of Environmentalism
• Between 1730 and 1850 , the industrial revolution sparked an unparalleled wave of mining, forest clearance, and land drainage. It was also a period of building of great factories. Jobs and economic development ruled.
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• 1850-1900- Environmentalists find their tongue-
By 1850 ,nature writers were evoking the power of the land and talking in terms of a respect for nature.
• 1900-1950s- The growing awareness-
People started realizing the importance of environment and its impact on nature.
Lots of companies started giving more awareness towards environmental concerns
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1960s- The movement is born
• Lot more agitation were born in this movement. There has been too much importance given to the environment in this movement.
• Industries started concentrating more on environment concerns.
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1970s-International co-operation
• Lots of national and international conferences happened in this decade with the objective to enhance and focus more environmental issues
• People started realizing more about the issues that has been taking place
• Ex; like Global Summit G20 where various nations will be discussing the environmental issues
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1980-s Small steps
• The year 1982 was Earth summit time again. But the cold war was its heights , the world was distracted, and the meeting, held in Nairobi,Kenya, was considered ineffective
• Astronomers complained of light pollution, making it difficult to observe the night sky.
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1990s-The warming planet
• This decade’s Earth summit occurred in Rio, Brazil, in 1992. it emphasized how the planet’s environmental problems are linked to the economy and social justice issues. The world leaders agreed to combat global warming, protect bio diversity and stop using dangerous poisons
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2002-Johannesberg Earth summit(Joburg 02)
• We go back to the Africa for the fourth earth summit. In August 2002,65000 politicians , numerous NGOs to review the situation
• But this summit has been roundly condemned by environmentalists, claiming the event was hijacked by corporate interests.
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International issues
• Climate change• Conservation• Energy• Environmental degradation• Environmental Health• Genetic engineering • Land degradation• Soil• Nanotechnology• Nuclear issues
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Industrial pollution
• Causes of industrial pollution1. Indiscriminate burning of bushes and
discharge of dangerous chemicals in the environment
2. Industrialization is the main cause of pollution, because more industries increase than there would be pollution itself
3. Not maintaining industrial machines which create a lot of friction in machines
4. Use of low quality coal
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Effects of industrial pollution
• Global warming
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Soil pollution
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Waste management
• Waste management is not a minor issue for a country but it is a huge accountability on country to reuse and dispose the waste products from different sources properly
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Pollution control
• Implementation of waste minimization techniques and adoption of appropriate pollution control measures
• Discard and discourage technologies which do not confirm to the quality of products.
• Spreading awareness messages through programs for the prospective and existing entrepreneurs on usuage of cleaner technologies and pollution control measures
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• Waste minimization for improvement of productivity and creation of waste minimization circle.
• An additional system of taxation to be introduced based on concentration of waste
• Encourage industry to regard pollution as an economic problem.
• To decide the cost of water,power,fuel, through market instruments.
• Tax exemption on waste selling, resource recovery and reuse to be introduced
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Pollution prevention methods
• Design: products, buildings and manufacturing systems can be made resource efficient throughout their life cycle by incorporating environmental consideration in to their design
• Process change: rethinking manufacturing process can turn up ways to reduce production waste, cutting both pollution costs.
• Material substitution: alternative materials for cleaning, coating, lubrication and other production processes can provide equivalent results while preventing costly hazardous waste generation, air emissions and worker health risks
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Material Reuse: one company’s wastes may be another company’s raw materials. Finding markets for them can reduce solid waste, lessen consumption of virgin resources, increase income for the sellers, and provide an economical resource supply for the buyers.
Resource efficiency: Using energy, water and other production inputs more efficiently helps keep air and water clean, reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, cuts operating costs, and improves productivity.
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• Improved work practices: Rethinking day to day operations and maintenance activities can help managers root out wasteful management practices that drive up the costs and cause pollution
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