beyond the red line: are universies re-imagining cies and ... · beyond the red line: are...
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Beyondtheredline:areuniversi2esre-imaginingci2esandurbanlifethroughtheircapitalinvestmentprogrammes?
AAG,SanFrancisco,March30th2016Architectureofcapital1:atmospheresandprac>cesDrClareMelhuishUCLUrbanLaboratory,London
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DialogueCampusNäckrosenUniversityofGothenburg,Sweden,2013
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‘TheUniversity’sbroadrangeofac>vi>esarecharacterisedbyastrongsenseofcivicresponsibility,proximitytocitylifeandopennesstothesurroundingsociety.TheUniversityisfirmlyrootedbothlocallyandregionally,atthesame>measresearch,educa>onandcoopera>onarecharacterisedbyextensiveglobalengagement…Peoplefromdifferentplacesandwithdifferentbackgroundswillmeetandworktogether,yieldingoutcomesthatwillexceedthemeresumsoftheparts…[itwillbe]Aplacefortheunexpected…,accep2ngandwelcoming…easytoaccessandaplacethatpeopledonotwanttoleave…integratedintothecitystructure’
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UCLWilkinsBuildingLondon(1827)WilliamWilkinsinPartnershipwithJ.P.Gandy-Deering‘half-brothertotheNa>onalGallery’(ReginaldTurnor)
• universi>esaslandownersandclientsinformal
historiesofarchitecture• universi>esasactorsinarchitecturalrealisa>onof
hegemonicpowerstructures:na>onalistagendas
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postcolonialurbanprac2ce• formal/informalarchitecturalproduc>on
• postcolonialprac>cedisrup>ngmodels‘thatparadeunderauniversalistguiseandeitherexcludeorrepressdifferentspa5ali5esofo7endisadvantagedethnici5es,communi5esorpeople’(NalbantogluandWong1997)
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‘laboratoriesoftheurbanmangrove’(Letchimy)
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universi2esasagentsofpostcolonialurbanismandarchitecturalprac2ce
na>onaliden>ty
globaliden>ty+urban/metropolitaniden>ty
cosmopolitanistvision
universi>esre-visioningthemselvesinrela>ontoci>esandneighbourhoods–‘beyondtheredline’
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‘thebusinessschoolsthataroseinpres>giousuniveri>essuchasStanfordandHarvard,generouslyfundedbycorpora>onsandfounda>ons,becamecentresofneoliberalorthodoxyfromtheverymomenttheyopened.…by1990orsomosteconomicsdepartmentsinthemajorresearchuniversi>esaswellasthebusinessschoolsweredominatedbyneoliberalmodesofthought.…TheUSresearchuniversi>eswereandaretraininggroundsformanyforeignerswhotakewhattheylearnbacktotheircountriesoforiginaswellasintointerna>onalins>tu>onssuchastheIMF,theWorldBank,andtheUN’. (Harvey2005)
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• universi>esasplanninganimateurs(Benneworthetal2010)
• shiefromurban/civictoneighbourhood
scaleandfocus• alterna>vehybridprac>cesofformaland
informalarchitecturalproduc>onwhichdisruptthestatusquo
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universi2esascentresofcri2calurbantheoryandprac2ce:laboratoriesoftheurbanmangrove?‘Today’scosmopolitanism,however,extendsmoredeeplyintothesocialbody.Thepluralizedcultureoftheuniversityresemblesthecomplexlifeofcontemporaryimmigrantneighborhoods,whereresidentsliveinlocalurbanneighborhoodsanddiasporicnetworks…Thechallengeforusascontemporarymetropolitans(andcosmopolitans)istolocateourselves–bothin>meandinrela>ontotheplacesoflocalknowledge–insuchaglobalperspec>ve’(Bender2002/7:162-163)
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• ins>tu>onalre-structuring• modellingofnewhybridkindsofurban
andpublicspace• fromcomparabilityandhomogeniza>on
ofspace,togroundedrela>onaltypologiesofuniversity-ledurbandevelopment,mediatedbyarchitectsandcommuni>es
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éliteuniversalknowledgeproduc>on-utopianandexclusionaryspa>alprojectsTheAcademicalVillage,UniversityofVirginiaThomasJefferson1825
‘incomparablythemostambi>ousandmonumentalarchitecturalproject…conceivedinthiscentury’NewYorkTimes1895
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non-campuscampus;livinglaboratory;urbanextension;communiversity;collaboratory…
‘Bothexpressthebasicparadigmofmodernitywhichemphasisesthatalterna>vefuturesareindeedpossible.Buttheinsurgentandthemodernistarecompe>ngexpressions,whichIwilldis>nguishasethnographicandutopian,respec>vely’(Holston1996)
‘theconceptofthepossible’
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ethnographically-conceptualisedspa2alisa2onofcosmopolitanismandcosmopolitanci2zenship• re-framingno>onsofci>zenshipasa
‘cosmopolitanproject’(Binnieetal2006)–‘theworldasbothasingleplaceandonecomprisedofmul>pledifferences’(ibid)–throughspa>aldevelopmentitself
• challengingthemodelofpostcolonialci>zenshipembodiedineliteurbanenclaves
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• visionstatementsandmasterplanningbriefsasthematerialinterfacebetweentheuniversityandthepostcolonialcitythroughurbandesign
• urbandesignprac>cecreatesthespaceinwhichissuesofcentrality,diversityandinclusionareplayedoutinrhetoric,designproposalsandmaterialform
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1. newimageryandlanguages
2. widerangeofpartnershipsandconsulta>on,withinandbeyonduniversity
3. integratedcommunityfacili>es,resourcesandconnected,accessiblepublicspace
4. masterplansv.roll-outs
5. interimusesofdevelopmentsites
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UniversityofCambridge,North-WestCambridgeproject,UK‘avibrant,urbanextensiontotheCitythatpredominatesasaUniversityquarterbutisalsoamixedacademicandresiden2alcommunity…connectedinternallyandwiththewidercitybygreenspacesandpedestrianandcycleroutes…Itwillbeanexemplarofwhatcanbeachievedthroughcontemporarytechnology,architecture,andurbanplanning’(CambridgeUniversityReporter2010:3)
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‘That’showwe’vebeendevelopingthis,lookingforspa>alstructuresaroundthebuildingswhichencouragepeopletointeract’(architect2014)
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UNIFESPEastZonecampus,SaoPauloBrazil‘Thefaçadeisasymbolicrepresenta>onofuniversity-societydialogue..Thereistremendouspoten>alforthecampustotakepartinitssurroundings,tointeractthroughresearch,reflec>onandac>ons,makingaposi>vecontribu>ontothedevelopmentoftheregionandlinkingacademicresearchwithvariouspublicpolicies.Itsloca>on…allowsitsac>onsandlocalresearchtoalsohaveanexemplaryanduniversalcharacterinjoiningtheglobaldebateaboutlargeci>es,theirproblemsandsolu>ons’
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UniversityofNewcastle,UrbanSciencesbuilding,ScienceCentral,UK‘amodelofintegra>on–integra2onatseverallevels,betweenacademics,researchers,businesspeople,andmembersofthepublic’ ‘Thesocial
dynamicsonthatsitewillbeinteres5ng…’ScienceCentralEngagementManager
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UniversityofPennsylvania,WestPhiladelphiaIni2a2ves,PhiladelphiaUSA‘TodayPenncelebratesitsongoingtransforma>onintoaworld-classurbanresearchuniversitythatisnourishedbytheneighborhoodithelpedtodevelopandrevitalise’(Rodin2007:182-3)
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ColumbiaUniversity,Manhaoanvillecampus,NewYorkUSA‘Anurbancampusisn’tdefinedbygatesandwalls,butbyweavingtheuniversityintothefabricofcitylife’(Manhaoanvillewebsite)‘tocreateaspacewheretheIvyLeagueandWestHarlemcommuni>escansharetheirday-to-dayac2vi2esandtherebyengageinadialoguethatwillfurtherhumanunderstanding’(Huffman2008)‘Thenewcampuswillbeaplaceofresearchandknowledgeproduc>onintegratedwiththecity,inclosecontactwithitssocialreality,streetcultureandenergy…’(RenzoPianoBuildingWorkshop)
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universi5esare:2.enteringintoawiderangeofpartnerships• cityauthori>es,businesses,thirdsector
organisa>ons,andcommunitygroups• consulta>onatmanydifferentlevels,external,
long-termengagementandnego>a>onwithplanningauthori>esandcommuni>es
• architectsappointedonbasisofabilitytoengagewithstakeholdersanddeveloppar>cipatoryworkingmethods
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3.incorpora2ngcommunityfacili2esandresourcesintospa>aldevelopmentprojects• publicaccessto(public-facing)university
buildings;healthcentres,schools(UPenn),(jointly-managed)communitycentres(egCambridge),open,accessibleandconnectedpublicspaces
• wideningpar>cipa>on,life-longlearning
• communitybenefitsagreements
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4.ques2oningtheuseofrigidmasterplanconcepts• the‘roll-out’acknowledgesthe
importanceofevolvingformover>me,responsiveandadap>vetochangingneeds
• avoidsover-promising,inlightofchangingneedsandcondi>ons
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5.promo2nginterimusesofdevelopmentsites• encouragetemporaryandinformalusesto
promotefuturemodelsofcommunityoccupa>onandownership
• communitygardens,temporarystructures,
fes>vals,publicart,events,markets,informa>oncentres
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communityinvestmentover2me,andfromtheearlieststages• frameuniversitycontribu>onstopostcolonial
cosmopolitanurbanspaceandci>zenshipthroughthelensofcommunityneeds
• promoteahybridapproachtodevelopment,andaflexiblearchitecturalandplanningmodel,allowingtheformalandinformaltoco-existandevolveover>me,makingspacefordiverseiden>>es