MINISTÉRIO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO ESTATAL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GESTÃO DE CALAMIDADES (INGC)

Disaster Risk Management in Mozambique

ByAntonio J. Beleza, Rocha Nuvunga & Chakil AbooBacar

Lusaka, 16-19 September 2013

Mozambique is located on the Eastern coast of Southern Africa;

The total land area is ~800.000 km2 (98% continental and 2% interior waters) and coastal line length of ~2700 Km;

The Climate is tropical, with two seasons: Hot and Wet (October to April) and Cold and Dry (May to September)

The Moz. Population is ~ 22 Millions and about 68% live in rural area;

Agriculture is the basic activity by which 80% of Mozambicans relies; mainly dependent on rain fed;

National Circunstances

North Africa

West Africa

East Africa

Mozambique is located in the Three African Regions most exposed to Risks from multiple Weather-related Hazards

CyclonesCyclones

Main threatsMain threats

FloodsFloods Drought Drought EpidemicsEpidemics

Disaster Typology

Drought15%

Flood31%Trop Cyclone

19%

Windstorm7%

Earthquake1%

Epidemic27%

The hazard that has been reported to occur most frequently in the country is flood, followed by

epidemics, Tropical Cyclones and droughts

INGC MandateINGC Mandate• Coordination authority of emergency

actions;

• Coordination authority for the development of arid and semi arid zones;

• Coordination authority of natural disasters prevention and mitigation actions;

• Coordination authority of post emergency reconstruction.

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS(PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC)

CCDM (CCGC) (PRESIDENT – PRIME MINISTER)

MAE (VICE PRESIDENT-CCGC)

INGC

TCDM (CTGC)

Regions

Provinces

Cooperation Partners(UN, NGOS,

Donors )

Districts

METEOROLOGY

WATER

AGRICULTURE

ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH

FIRE SERVICES

DEFENSE

ROADS

TRANSPORTS

MIN. RES.

HOUSING AND URB. IND. COMMERCELCDRM (CLGRC)

Disaster Management Disaster Management StructureStructure

Mais vale Prevenir do que Remediar

Coordination Structure between the Coordination Structure between the GovernmentGovernment (INGC) and the (INGC) and the

coordination partnerscoordination partners

ALIGNMENT OF THE DRR & PUBLIC POLICIES

SECTORAL STRATEGIC PLANS Master Plan for DRR

FIVE YEAR GOV PROG.

ACTION PLAN FOR POVERTY REDUCTION (PARP)

DRR as crosscutting issue

Adoption of DRR measures and Climate change adaptation

INTEGRATION OF DRR IN THE DISTRITC DEVELOPMEDNT PLANS

STRATEGIC PLANS FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT

Positive ExperiencesPositive Experiences• Strong Government coordination and leadership

• Alignment of DRR issues in the main public policies

• Well established coordination structures in both sides: Government and United Nations;

• Preparation of a joint national contingency plan (Gov. CSO and UN Agencies)

• Annual simulation exercises before the rainy and cyclone season;

• Capacity building according to the INGC plans;

• Decentralized coordination (CENOEs/ COEs)

• Stocks prepositioning for rapid response.

Positive ExperiencesPositive Experiences• The National Contingency plan is

complemented by:– Inter Agency contingency plan (HCT)– Sectoral plans– Provincial plans– GOM budget based on the above and

according to the emergency level;• Use of agreed common scenarios;• SIMEX (at different geographical levels and

with different actors)• Creation, training and capacity of about 800

LCDRM (first responders to extreme events)• Multisectoral monitoring and evaluation of

the needs.

ChallengesChallenges• Timely access to financial resources; • Insufficient Funding;• Reduced response capacity at local level;• Equipment and capacity building (UNAPROC,

CLGRC)• Involvement of academic sector for an

adequate response to DRR issues and CC Adaption measures,

• Creation of a Common Fund for DRR and Disaster Vulnerability Reduction

• The approval, by the Assembly of the Republic, of the “NEW LAW of DISASTERS” which incorporate disasters from natural biological and technological hazards, Industrial and complex emergencies.

Main ResultsMain Results• Reduction of the Level of vulnerability and number of human

life loss (example: the number of deaths and people affected by floods in the year 2000 has declined from 700 deaths and 4.5 million affected to 117 deaths and 478.892 affected in 2013, even considering that in 2013 we had floods in Zambeze, Limpopo and Incomati basins. In 2008 and 2010, we only had 102.000 and 7.000 people affected respectively);

• Reduction of the number of vulnerable people or at risk (example: creation of 99 new villages in safe areas along the Zambezi, Save and Buzi basins where we have 26,000 families - about 150.000 people - who were moved from high risk areas);

• Establishment of community based early warning systems for floods;

• Production of a detailed scientific studies on the impact of climate changes on disaster risk in Mozambique.

Obrigado!

Thank you!

GOM – Government of MozambiqueCCGC- Coordinating Board for Disaster ManagementMAE- Ministry of States AdministrationINGC- National Institute of Disaster ManagementCENOE- National Centre Emergency OperationUNAPROC (NUCP)- National Unity of Civil ProtectionCOE- Emergency Operative CentreCERUM- Disaster Resource Centre for Multiple UseCTGC- Technical Council of Disaster ManagementDRR- Disaster Risk ReductionHCT - Humanitarian Country TeamCMT- Cluster Management TeamHCTWG- Humanitarian Country Team Working GroupCSO – Civil Society OrganizationsSIMEX- Simulation ExerciseCLGRC (LCDRM) – Local Committee of Disaster ManagementCC- Climatic ChangesEWS- Early Warning SystemCCGC- Coordinator Council of Disaster ManagementUN- United NationsUNDMT- United Nations Management TeamNGO- Non Government Organization

Master Plan Pillars

RECURRENT DROUGHTS

RECURRENT FLOODINGS

INTEGRATION OF DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS IN THE VULNERABILITY REDUCTION

Attitude Change

Self Esteem

Action

Instrument:District Resource Center for Multiple Use (CERUM)

OCASIONAL DISASTERS

RAPID RECOVERY

SIMEXRESCUE

OPERATIONS

PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

NCEO (CENOE) and NCEO (CENOE) and NUCP (UNAPROC)NUCP (UNAPROC)LCDRMLCDRM

Pro-Active measures: Pro-Active measures: Structural (dam, dikes) Structural (dam, dikes) and Non-Structural and Non-Structural Reforms (EWS, LCDRM)Reforms (EWS, LCDRM)

Reactive MeasuresReactive Measures