best management practices verification: results from a
TRANSCRIPT
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Best Management Practices Verification: Results from a Huron
County Watershed
A presentation to: National Farmers Union November 28, 2015
Mari Veliz
Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority, RR 3 Exeter, ON N0M 2G0
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Communities in Action
Build Awareness
Take actions to protect and enhance
Measure Community Involvement
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Water Quality Issues = Runoff Issues S
outh
Pin
e
Gar
vey
Gle
nn
Gul
ly
Tric
k's
Sha
shaw
anda
h
Tota
l Pho
spho
rus
(mg·
l-1)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00 Low Flow
Sou
th P
ine
Gar
vey
Gle
nn
Gul
ly
Tric
k's
Sha
shaw
anda
h
Tota
l Pho
spho
rus
(mg·
l-1)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00High Flow
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Stormwater - Why Do We See Differences?
• The ephemeral channels are important to water, sediment and nutrient transport • There is an hierarchy of urban and agricultural BMPs to address storm events • To evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs we need to monitor during storm events
During an event Typical conditions
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• Management BMPs: • Cover crop • Nutrient management • Conservation tillage
• Structural BMPs:
• Water and Sediment Control Basins
• (Grassed Filter Strip)
BMP Evaluation
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Cover Crop Rainfall Simulation
Treatment Antecedent conditions
Runoff (mm)
Runoff (%)
Total Suspended
Solids (mg/L)
no cover cropA
workable 0.8 6.4 406
no cover cropB
wet 1.1 8.8 482
cover cropA workable 0 0 0 cover cropB wet 0.9 7.2 130 light cultivationC
very wet 3.6 28.8 2260
Treatment • on a field that was post no-till wheat harvest, straw baled with a portion that had red clover cover crop • 1 X 1m plots • simulationA: 12.5 mm/10 min simulates a 2 year10 minute storm • simulationB: 12.5 mm/10 min a 2nd time - 3 h later • simulationC: PLUS 12.5 mm/10 min a 3rd time - 0.5 h later
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Field BMP Monitoring Water and Sediment Control Basin
Duration of most outflow ~9 h
Duration of most inflow <1.5 h
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Linking Landscape and Water Quality
• Grass filter strip reduced: – TSS, TP, and SRP
– did not change nitrate-N
• Change in cropping system: – landowner extended hay
field
– no concentrated flow path
– no water samples
– some BMPs can be measured at the site scale and some cannot
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1955 1966
1975 1978 1989
1999 2006
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ACTion BMPs and the Treatment Train (Avoid, Control, Trap/Treat)
Urban BMPs
Trap Treat
Control (at/near source)
Avoid
(improve filtration)
Rural BMPs
No/Minimum Till
Cover Crops
Nutrient/manure
Management
Natural Cover
Less Pavement
Permeable
Pavement
Natural Cover
Controlled
Drainage
Grassed
Waterways
Berms
Wetlands
Rain Gardens
Rain Barrels
Bioswales
Stormwater Ponds
Buffers
Two-Stage
Ditches
Based on Tomer et al. 2013
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Soil Health Recommendations
1. Cover soil (with vegetation not pavement)
2. Reduce tillage
3. Rotate crops
4. Test soil – Fertility
– Organic matter
– Erosion risk
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Acknowledgements
• Other collaborators on the Watershed Based BMP Evaluation:
– University of Guelph
– Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
– Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change
– Huron County Federation of Agriculture
– Landowners in the Gully Creek watershed
Many of the photos by Daniel Holm Photography, courtesy of Healthy Lake Huron: Clean Water, Clean Beaches Initiative
Funding for the work presented today is from Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and Environment Canada. The views expressed are the views of the presenter and do not necessarily reflect those of the funders.
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Temporal and Spatial Scale Considerations
• Measuring the effectiveness of this grassed ditch – Cannot be measured in the downstream channel or at watershed outlet or in the
Lake during routine water sampling