berlin, germany november 1999 iceberg.cs.berkeley

1

Beyond Third Generation Cellular

Networks:The Integration of

Internet and Telephony Technology

Randy H. KatzUC Berkeley

Berlin, Germany

November 1999

http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

Bridge to theFuture

S. S. 7

2

Outline

• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions

3

Outline


4

Mobile Telephone & Internet Users

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.

Mobile TelephoneUsers

Internet Users

Millions

Year

5

Data Dominates

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Voice

IP

United States Network Traffic Growth (gigabits, bn)

Source: Nortel in The Economist, 13 Mar 99

6

Core Network BecomesData-Oriented

IP-Based WAN

Local Exch Local ExchPSTN

Local SwitchIWF + Router

Local SwitchIWF + Router

Voice TrafficConnection-Oriented

Data TrafficPacket-Oriented

Local Gateway Local GatewayCore Network

AccessNetwork

AccessNetwork

Local ExchNet (LEC)

Local ExchNet (LEC)

InterexchangeNetwork (IXC)

Local Switch Local Switch

7

IP-Based WAN

Packet-OrientedVoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway

Core NetworkAccessNetwork

AccessNetwork

Router Router

Core Network BecomesData-Oriented

• Appl-specific routing overlays, e.g., info dissemination • Routing infrastructure with DiffServ support• Service-level agreements spanning multiple ISPs• Services running on servers in the infrastructure

8

Smart Appliances/Thin Clients

Qualcomm PDQ Phone

PDA

PCS

9

• Top Gun MediaBoard– Participates as a reliable

multicast client via proxy in wireline network

• Top Gun Wingman– “Thin” presentation layer in PDA

with full rendering engine in wireline proxy

10

Critical Trends

• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network– Simultaneous support for delay sensitive and delay

insensitive flows via differentiated services

• Intelligence shifts to the network edges– Third-party functionality downloaded into Information

Appliances like PalmPilots

• Programmable intelligence inside the network– Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure– Mobile/extensible code, e.g., JAVA: “write once, run

anywhere”– Rapid new service development– Speech-based services

11

Outline


12

The Future: Internet-basedOpen Services Architecture

“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.”

George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore

13

Policy-basedLocation-basedActivity-based

Speech-to-TextSpeech-to-Voice Attached-EmailCall-to-Pager/Email Notification

Email-to-SpeechAll compositions

of the above!

Universal In-box

Transparent Information Access

14

RoomEntity

Text toCommand

ICSISpeech

Recognizer

MicrophoneCell phone

A/V Devices

Response to Client

Path

Audio Text Cmd

Composable Services

• E.g., voice control of A/V devices in a “Smart Room”– Multistage processing transformation– Strongly typed connectors– Service discovery service– Automated path generation

15

Outline


16

ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks

BEyond the thiRd Generation

• Motivation:– People use a multitude of communication devices and networks:

» Cell phones, PSTN, VoIP, E-mail, V-mail, fax, etc.» 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000» Wireless LANs: Bluetooth / HomeRF» Home Access Networks: DSL / Cable modem

– Access to real-time services embedded in diverse networks

• Model: Person-to-Person and Person-to-Service communication across diverse access networks

– Not device to device!

– Service handoff across devices and access networks

» Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)

– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics

17

ICEBERG Goals

• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration– Speech- and location-enabled applications– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the

PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)– Mobility and generalized routing redirection

• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting innovative applications

– Personal Information Management» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager

– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration

» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall

18

Experimental Testbed

SimMillenniumNetwork

Infrastructure

GSM BTS

Millennium Cluster

Millennium Cluster

WLAN /Bluetooth

Pager

IBMWorkPad

CF788

MC-16

MotorolaPagewriter 2000

306 Soda

326 Soda “Colab”

405 Soda

Velo

Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management

TCI @Home

H.323GW

Nino

19

• Bases (1M’s)– scalable, highly available– persistent state (safe)– databases, agents– “home” base per user– service programming

environment

Wide-Area Path

• Active Proxies (100M’s)– not packet routers, may be

active networking nodes – bootstrap thin devices into

infrastructure– soft-state and well-connected

NINJA Distributed Computing Platform

• Units (1B’s)– sensors / actuators– PDAs / smartphones / PCs– heterogeneous– Minimal functionality:

“Smart Clients”

Jinidevices

20

ICEBERG Feature Set

• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)– Any service can from any network by any device;

network/device independence in system design

• Personal Mobility– Person as communication endpoint with single identity

• Service Mobility– Retain services across networks

• Easy Service Creation and Customization– Allow callee control & filtering

• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance• Security, Authentication, Privacy

21

ICEBERG Architectural Elements

• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)

• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP) – Performs detailed signaling

» Call Agent: per communication device per call party» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent

• Name Mapping Service– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point

• Preference Registry– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration,

customization

• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest

• Automatic Path Creation Service– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices

22

Transformation and Redirection

IP CoreIP Core

PSTNPSTN

PagerPager

WLANWLANCellularNetwork

CellularNetwork

H.323GW

GW

GW

GW

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAPIAPTransducer

Agent

RedirectionAgent

23

More Detailed View

Iceberg Network

PSTN GSM

PagerWaveLAN

GSM PSTN

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAP

iPOP iPOP

iPOP iPOP

Cal

StanfordNaming ServerPreference RegistryPersonal Activity TrackerAPC Server

24

iPOP administration domains

More Detailed View

PSTN GSM

PagerWaveLAN

GSM PSTN

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAP

IAP

iPOP

iPOP iPOP

iPOP

IAP

Multicast tunnels

25

ICEBERG Signaling System

• Signaling System– Distributed system w/agents communicating via

signaling protocol for call setup, routing, & control

• ICEBERG Basic Call Service– Communication of two or more call participants using

any number of communication devices via any kind of media

– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be used synchronously

• Essential Approach– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol

w/group communication– Call Session: a collection of call agents that

communicate with each other

26

Signaling: Call Session Establishment

Name MappingService

Preference Registry

Alice Bob

Carol

IAP

13

3 5

6

IAP7

8 9

1011

1314IAP 15

16

2

Call Agent Dispatcher

Call Agent

iPOP

4


Call Agent

iPOP

12


Call Agent

iPOP

27

Call Control and Call States

• Control– For established call session, alter/propagate call states.

Modify datapath correspondingly

• States– Call party identities, in-use devices in use & their call

status, datapath information on active data streams

• Challenge– Reliable propagation of call state changes to call agents,

given highly dynamic call session environment

• ICEBERG Approach– Light Weight Sessions– IAP: network specific gateways maintain hard state– IAPs and iPOPs exchange heartbeats; loss triggers

recovery

28

Light-Weight Call Session

Call Agent

Call AgentData Path

Table

Call Session

Auto PathCreation

Call State Table

Call Agent

Announce Announce

Listen Listen

Create/tear downdata path

Create/tear downdata path

Add orremove

path

29

New ICEBERG Capabilty: Service Handoff

• Service handoff occurs when users switch communication devices in midst of call session

• Enables service mobility• Service handoff is:

– Generalized call transfer– Special case of conference call

» User uses one device to invite another device» Then hangs up the first device

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Service Handoff Scenario:Cell Phone to Laptop

CallerIAP

CalleeIAP

CallerIAP2

handoff fromcell phone to

VAT

Multicast Session

announceListen

announce

Listen

announce

Listen

Cell phoneturned off

Start new IAP

31

Service Handoff Scenario

CallerIAP

CalleeIAP

CallerIAP2

handoff fromcell phone to

VAT

Multicast Session

announceListen

announce

Listen

Cell phoneturned off

Start new IAP

• Simple reliability scheme• IAP fault tolerant• Simultaneous service handoff• Multiparty calls trivial• Security through encryption

32

New ICEBERG Capabilty: Policy-Based Redirection

Home Phone

Voice MailPager

Cell Phone Office Phone

Calls during business hours

Calls in theevening

AnonymousCalls

Friends & family calls

E-Mail

Importante-mail headers

E-mail accessvia phone

33

Policy-Based Redirection

IF (9AM < hour < 5 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Office-Phone

IF (5 PM < hour < 11 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Home-Phone

IF (11 PM < hour < 9 AM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Voice-Mail

PersonalActivityTracker

Preference Registry

UserPreference

Profiles

OtherPersonal

State

Callee locationCallee state

Per Call Statee.g., Caller IDTime of Day

Caller End PointType

Callee’s PreferredEnd Point

34

Preference User Interface

35

Outline


36

Implementation Status

• Much of architecture initially implemented– IAPs: GSM, PSTN (H.323), WaveLAN; Service handoff– iPOPs in Berkeley CS LAN: local area components for name

service, pref resolution, activity tracking

• Areas under development:– Wide-area APC for service composition and instantiation– Graphical capture/playback of user preference specs– Billing architecture– New services to test the architecture:

» Call completion on busy subscriber» Ninja jukebox to audio information appliance

• Evaluation– Critical metric is scalability, resistance to failure– Soft-state vs. hard-state performance tradeoffs

37

Summary

BasesActiveProxies

UnitsNinja ExecutionEnvironment

Data PlaneOperators

Connectors

Paths

ControlPlane

IAP

PAT

PRLS

APC

Pref R

eg

Name

Svc

38

Conclusions

• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture spanning processing and access

• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area “operating system” of the 21st Century

• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances supported by infrastructure services--multicast real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any format translation and delivery to diverse devices

• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal, and service mobility

berlin, germany november 1999 iceberg.cs.berkeley

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