bent egberg mikkelsen Ålborg universitet: convenience food...

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Seminar on Convenience Food 24. juni 2014, Roskilde University Bent Egberg Mikkelsen Ålborg Universitet: Convenience food & health Check out the LinkedIn Abstract: Convenience food has been associated with unhealthy eating and the same is true for fastfood. This presentation take a look at the evidence on the relation between different types of convenient food solutions and health outcomes. The presentation goes further and link the foods to the important notion of place and present the idea of foodscapes to frame the complex relation between the eater, the mediators, the food and the place. Finally the presentation give an account of some of the new inventions that allow for the tracking of food behavior and its relation to place

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Seminar on Convenience Food 24. juni 2014, Roskilde University

Bent Egberg MikkelsenÅlborg Universitet: 

Convenience food & health

Check out the LinkedIn

Abstract: Convenience food has been associated with unhealthy eating and the same is true for fastfood. This presentation take a look at the evidence on the relation between different types of convenient food solutions and health outcomes. The presentation goes further and link the foods to the important notion of place and present the idea of foodscapes to frame the complex relation between the eater, the mediators, the food and the place. Finally the presentation give an account of some of the new inventions that allow for the tracking of food behavior and its relation to place

A new public health?

‘Over himself, over his own body and mind the individual is 

sovereign.’

J S Mill, Three Essays: On liberty, representative government, the subjection of women, [1859], Oxford 

University Press, London, 1975, p. 15.

Politicising ObesityWhen something becomes a matter of concern for the public” Bruno Latour Politiques de la nature. Harvard University Press. Avaliable in English: Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy  2004

Siting convenience & fast food?

Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 Jun 5;11:E96. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.140005.Public opinion on nutrition‐related policies to combat child obesity, Los Angeles County, 2011.Simon PA1, Chiang C2, Lightstone AS2, Shih M2.

The equation

Unhealth = Convenience food ?Unhealth = f(Convenience food)*f(environment) * f(people)*f(c factor)

Convenience3 types

• Fastfood Convenience from catering outlets

• Ready2Serve RTS. Convenience in retail

• UPF’s. Convenience from cheap and low nutrient ingredients

• Captive convenience. From welfarecatering 

Is consumption of ultra‐processed products associated with dietary quality?

DESIGN: Application of a classification of foodstuffs based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing to data from a national household food budget survey. Foods are classified as unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary ingredients (Group 2) or ultra‐processed products (Group 3).SETTING:  All provinces and territories of Canada, 2001. SUBJECTS: Households (n 5643).RESULTS:  Food purchases provided a mean per capita energy 

availability of 8908 (se 81) kJ/d (2129 (se 19) kcal/d). Over 61∙7 % of dietary energy came from ultra‐processed products (Group 3), 25∙6 % from Group 1 and 12∙7 % from Group 2. The overall diet exceeded WHO upper limits for fat, saturated fat, free sugars and Na density, with less fibre than recommended. It also exceeded the average energy density target of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Group 3 products taken together are more fatty, sugary, salty and 

energy‐dense than a combination of Group 1 and Group 2 items. Only the 20 % lowest consumers of ultra‐processed products (who consumed 33∙2 % of energy from these products) were anywhere near reaching all nutrient goals for the prevention of obesity and chronic non‐communicable diseases.

Public Health Nutr.2013 Dec;16(12):2240‐8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012005009. Epub

2012 Nov 21. Consum

ption of ultra‐processed foods and likhum

an health. Evidence from Canada. M

oubaracJC

1, Martins AP, Claro RM

, Levy RB, Cannon G, M

onteiroCA.

11 Núcleo

de PesquisasEpidemiológicas

emNutricão

e Saúde, Universidade

de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo715, 01246‐904 São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

RTS and salt10 of 11 provides more than 50% of DA/serving

Source: Danish Heart Assoc. https://www.hjerteforeningen.dk/forebyggelse/risikofaktorer/salt/mad_testet_for_salt/faerdiggretter

Fast food is unhealthy• Of a possible index total of 100 (healthiest), the HEI‐2005 score across all eight fast‐food restaurants was 45 in 1997/1998 and 48 in 2009/2010. 

• Individually, restaurant scores in 1997/1998 ranged from 37 to 56 and in 2009/2010 ranged from 38 to 56. 

• The greatest improvements in nutritional quality were seen in the increase of meat/beans, decrease in saturated fat, and decrease in the proportion of calories from solid fats and added sugars. 

Unhealthy fast food?

The fast food window

The total recipe window

0‐10 +10

Healthy Eating Indices (HEI’s)

The school HEI laddercase of regulation

Publicallyprovided

Lunch box, domesticproduce

High street competetivefoods

Official recommendations

Voluntary schemesi.e. keyhole

In schoolcompetitivefoods

School Food ProgramsEvidence base is growing

Fair evidence• School meals are of higher quality than lunch packs• School meal Interventions can improve proxies of healthy eating

Some evidence• School meals can lead to some improvement of antrophrometrical indicators

• School meals can improve proxies of learningcapacity, academic achievement, etc

Solution: Healthy fastfood?

FoodscapesFood, People & Places 

IMAGES OF FOODSCAPES ‐INTRODUCTION TO FOODSCAPE STUDIES AND THEIRAPPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF HEALHY EATING OUT OF HOME ENVIRONMENTS Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg. Perspectives in Public Health, submitted 14

Appadurai's 5 –scapesfacilitate the global exchange of ideas and information.

• Etnoscapes• Techno scapes• Finance scapes• Media scapes• Ideo scapes

Foodscapes are(spatial view)

”…‐ institutional sites for the merchandising and 

consumption of food.” (Winson, 2004).

Foodscapes are(behavioural view)

”how we live our lives with food, according to food and through food” (Dolphijn, 2004).  

A foodscape approach captures• The existing food reality. How 

things are• The imagined food reality. How 

things could be

• Food in school• Outside school

• The food world• The food related world

(curriculum etc)

• The structures of food environment

• The agency of itsagents/stakeholders

• The physical foodreality

• The way we speak about it

Beyond School Meal Programs: A foodscape approach to better school based nutrition, San Diego May 21 ‐24, 2014, ISBNPAhttp://www.menu.aau.dk/Nyheder/Nyhed//aau‐menu‐convene‐well‐visited‐symposium‐at‐isbnpa‐in‐san‐diego.cid102221

http://www.menu.aau.dk/Nyheder/Nyhed//aau‐menu‐publishes‐2‐papers‐in‐school‐food‐in‐latest‐phn‐issue.cid102228

The School foodscape

The captive totality of the complex food reality that

surrounds people in and arounda school setting

School Foodscapethe diverse food realities at schoolFood ServiceSMP (school meal program) SMP’sSchool Fruit Scheme (SFS) School Milk Scheme (SMS)Breakfast Clubs (BC’s)Tuck shops Competitive foods? 

Near campus foosFood outlets within 200 metres from school

CurricularHands On Food Activity (HOFA) Home economics facility (HEF) On campus School garden Off campus School garden Cooking lesson activitiesTaste education (Sapere) activitiesEdible school yard activitiesFarm2School link activities

ChildrenEating & learning

The mealTeacher

Teaching & pedagogy

CateringstaffFood & Cooking

School foodscapesa snapshot

School Foodscapestime & space

Morning AfternoonNoon Evening

SchoolFamilyFamily

Media

Commercial

Time

School foodscapesmodifiability of

School

Family

Commercial

Modifiabiltyindex score

School FoodscapesAssessment Tool (S‐FAT) 

Food, health & place

• Obesogenicity (Swinburn)• Fat lands (Critser)• Food swamps• Food deserts

Source: Drewnowski, A

Case of conzoom

• Det er vores bedste bud, at den adresse tilhører conzoom® typen: D1 Formue og formåen.

Om D1 Formue og formåen kan vi fortælle følgende:

• 78 % spiser salat dagligt

www.conzoom.eu

SES & fast food accessBlack neighborhoods have higher access to fast‐food

BACKGROUND: Disproportionate access to unhealthy foods in poor or minority neighborhoods may be a primary determinant of obesity disparities. We investigated whether fast‐food access varies by Census block group (CBG) percent black and poverty.METHODS: We measured the average driving distance from each CBG population‐weighted centroid to the five closest top ten fast‐food chains and CBG percent black and percent below poverty.RESULTS: Among 209,091 CBGs analyzed (95.1% of all US CBGs), CBG percent black was positively associated with fast‐food access controlling for population density and percent poverty (average distance to fast‐food was 3.56 miles closer (95% CI: ‐3.64, ‐3.48) in CBGs with the highest versus lowest quartile of percentage of black residents). Poverty was not independently associated with fast‐food access. The relationship between fast‐food access and race was stronger in CBGs with higher levels of poverty (p for interaction <0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Predominantly black neighborhoods had higher access to fast‐food while poverty was not an independent predictor of fast‐food access.

Health Place. 2014 Jun 16;29C:10‐17. Do minority and poor neighborhoods have higher access to fast‐food restaurants in the United States? James P1, Arcaya MC2, Parker DM3, Tucker‐Seeley RD4, Subramanian SV5.

Proximity to fast food restaurant associates with unhealthy eating

• Residing further away from a small food store (SFS) (convenience store and drug store) was associated with increased fruit and juice and low fat vegetable consumption. 

• Residing closer to a fast food restaurant was associated with increased high fat vegetable intake

Russell Jago1*, Tom Baranowski2, Janice C Baranowski2, Karen W Cullen2 and Debbe Thompson2 Distance to food stores & adolescent male fruit and vegetable consumption: mediation effects International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2007, 4:35 doi:10.1186

Fast‐food restaurants are concentrated within a short walking distance from schools

• Objectives.We examined the concentration of fast food restaurants in areas proximal to schools to characterize school neighborhood food environments.

• Methods.We used geocoded databases of restaurant and school addresses to examine locational patterns of fast‐food restaurants and kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Chicago. We used the bivariate K function statistical method to quantify the degree of clustering (spatial dependence) of fast‐food restaurants around school locations.

• Results. The median distance from any school in Chicago to the nearest fast‐food restaurant was 0.52 km, a distance that an adult can walk in little more than 5 minutes, and 78% of schools had at least 1 fast‐food restaurant within 800 m. Fast‐food restaurants were statistically significantly clustered in areas within a short walking distance from schools, with an estimated 3 to 4 times as many fast‐food restaurants within 1.5 km from schools than would be expected if the restaurants were distributed throughout the city in a way unrelated to school locations.

• Conclusions. Fast‐food restaurants are concentrated within a short walking distance from schools, exposing children to poor‐quality food environments in their school neighborhoods.

Austin, SB, Melly, SJ Sanchez, BN, Patel, A, Buka, S & Gortmaker, SL. Clustering of Fast‐Food Restaurants Around Schools: A Novel Application of Spatial Statistics to the Study of Food Environments, Am J Public Health. 2005 September; 95(9): 1575–1581

Dining out & health outcomes

AAU‐MENU research project portfolio

• Modelling the environment• Developing devices for monitoring of food choice

SoL projectChoice architecturing the supermarket

Nudging, spacemanagement

Healthy foods visibilityPrice regulation

Co location of healthychoices

VocsNudgeimproving vocational school foodscapes

Does buffet space management affect intake?results from a choice architectural intervention on butter intake at a breakfast buffet Mikkelsen BE & Qvesel AG. ISBNPA. 2014

TrackFoodFollowing adolescents in the lunchbreak

Realtime Dietary Pattern Capture

• Online

GeoNutrition/Spatial nutritionDistance to supermarkets & discount

Campus’n Community

KG kindergartenSC schoolFF fastfoodPV Sausage standGT Gastank with foodSM supermar<ketCS cornerstoreUB urban farming/gardening initiaRE restaurantKH Citizens/culture house CF cafeHT hotel med restaurant/cafe

The intelligent buffetstudying choice dynamics

Identifying food actionsNear Field Communication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPQt1jzk0uchttp://youtu.be/fDGWySCyQcwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYDqI73ZOD0

How healthythey are

How healthythey live

Where food is

How welloff they are

How healthytheir parents are

Getting the 

BIGpicture

Tracking

Pattern recognition of social media traffic

How healthy the food is

Conclusion• Convenience is not the only demon• But• Convenience and recipe• Convenience and context/place• Convenience and exposure• Convenience and expectations• Convenience and abundance• might be co demons• But the recipe choice seems to be changingupmarketUnhealth = f(Convenience food)*f(environment) * f(people)*f(c factor)

Thanks for your attentionThanks to my co workers

Mette V MikkelsenArLise JustesenKwabena OfeiChen HePernille Malberg DygHelene C ReinbachSanne Sansolios

Sofie HusbyHenriette NicolaisenCamilla B ChristensenRikke NygårdDorte  RugeMichelle Werther

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Read more onwww.menu.aau.dk/

bemi@plan. aau.dkThank you for your

attention and to my coworkers