benefits of building with masonry

BENEFITS OF BUILDING WITH MASONRY

presented by International Masonry Institute

Craftworker certification training

Sustainable Masonry Certification Program

Contractor College

Pre-job and apprentice training

International Union

of Bricklayers and

Allied Craftworkers

International

Masonry

Institute

LIFELONG LEARNING

Journeyman upgrade training

Safety, scaffold, OSHA training

Supervisor certification

BAC CONTRACTORS

IMI-TRAINED CRAFTWORKERS

International Union

of Bricklayers and

Allied Craftworkers

International

Masonry

Institute

ILLINOIS STRUCTURAL MASONRY COALTION

Structural

Durable / Low Maintenance

Economical

Beauty


Versatility of Design

Ease of Construction

Fire & Impact Resistant

Contextual / Relatable

Sustainable

Energy Efficient

High Performance

Acoustic

Qualified Local Labor

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: DESIGN VERSATILITY BEAUTY

DESIGN VERSATILITY: ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

RUNNING BOND STACKED BOND COMMON BOND (AMERICAN BOND)

ENGLISH BOND ENGLISH CROSS BOND FLEMISH BOND

1/3 BOND (UTILITY BRICK) GARDEN WALL

DESIGN VERSATILITY: BONDING PATTERNS

SOLDIERS STACKED BOND


HERRINGBONE

BASKETWEAVE


DESIGN VERSATILITY: RECESSED / PROJECTED COURSES

DESIGN VERSATILITY: CORBELING

DESIGN VERSATILITY: RACKING

DESIGN VERSATILITY: QUOIN CORNERS

CORBELED ARCH

DESIGN VERSATILITY: ARCHES

AND IF YOU THINK OF BRICK, FOR INSTANCE

AND YOU SAY TO BRICK,

“WHAT DO YOU WANT, BRICK?”

AND BRICK SAYS TO YOU

“I LIKE AN ARCH”

AND IF YOU SAY TO BRICK, “LOOK, ARCHES ARE EXPENSIVE.

CAN I USE A CONCRETE LINTEL OVER YOU?

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THAT? BRICK?

- LOUIS I. KHAN

BRICK SAYS:

I LIKE AN ARCH

ROMAN (SEMICIRCULAR) SEGMENTAL JACK (FLAT)

GOTHIC (POINTED) ELLIPTICAL

ARCH TYPES

DESIGN VERSATILITY: RADIAL BRICKWORK

DESIGN VERSATILITY: DENTILS

ELEVATIONS DIAGRAM 01.410.0311 REV. 08/10/09

MORTAR JOINT MATERIAL TAKEOFF

UTILITY BRICK, RUNNING BOND MODULAR BRICK, RUNNING BOND

4 @ 12” x 3/8” = 18.000 SQ. IN. BED JOINTS

HEAD JOINTS 8 @ 2.3125” x 3/8” = 6.938 SQ. IN.

2 @ 1.3125” x 3/8” = 0.984 SQ. IN.

25.922 SQ. IN. MORTAR

3 @ 12” x 3/8” = 13.500 SQ. IN.

3 @ 3.625” x 3/8” = 4.078 SQ. IN.

17.578 SQ. IN. MORTAR

18.00% MORTAR 12.21% MORTAR

ONE SQUARE FOOT ONE SQUARE FOOT

18% 12% DESIGN VERSATILITY: MORTAR JOINTS

DESIGN VERSATILITY: MORTAR JOINTS

concave

vee

raked

weeping

beaded

flush

grapevine

weathered

struck


concave

vee


DESIGN VERSATILITY: MATERIAL COMBINATIONS & JUXTAPOSITIONS

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: HUMAN SCALE CONTEXTUAL ENHANCES COMMUNITY

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

MODULARITY

8” 8”

8”

MODULARITY

MODULARITY

8” 8”

8”

MODULARITY

MODULARITY

8” 8”

8”

MODULARITY

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: ADAPTABILITY OF UNITS

Masonry is adaptable to inconsistencies and field changes

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: HEIGHT LIMITATIONS

“It is generally better to have all the panels near- ly the same height, and less than 30 feet high.” -Tilt-Up Concrete Association

With proper support, masonry walls can reach great heights

© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

Masonry can easily accommodate varying wall heights and configurations.

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: HEIGHT LIMITATIONS

“Openings must be located a minimum distance from the panel edge of 1/8 the eave height or 2 feet, whichever is less.” -Tilt-Up Concrete Association

Place openings virtually anywhere in a masonry wall.

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: WINDOW AND DOOR LIMITATIONS

Tilt-Up concrete requires relatively flat terrain, away from power lines, ditches, other buildings, railroad tracks, and other obstructions that could limit crane access. -Tilt-Up Concrete Association

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SITE CONSTRAINTS

Masonry is right at home on sites that are tight and difficult to access

Crane access and braces can impede tilt-up construction until roof diaphragm is attached

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SEQUENCING

Masonry work can begin as soon as footings are installed


Bricklayers work from scaffold outside the building, rarely interfering with other trades


Since tilt-up walls are cast outdoors, pouring and curing becomes difficult and expensive when temperatures drop below freezing.

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: COLD WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS

Masonry can easily be constructed when temperatures are below freezing if cold-weather procedures are followed.

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SCHEDULE-FRIENDLY

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: STRUCTURAL

STRUCTURAL

STRUCTURAL: GROUTED & REINFORCED LOADBEARING BLOCK

HYBRID MASONRY & STEEL

HYBRID MASONRY & STEEL

Garden Hills Elementary School, Champaign, IL BLDD Architects

HEAD DETAIL DETAIL 01.304 REV. 09/27/07


BRIC

K &

BLO

CK C

AV

ITY W

ALL

DETAILING MASONRY

SERIES www.imiweb.org 800-IMI-0988

International Masonry Institute

PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM

DETAIL FEATURES

• PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM • CUT BLOCK AROUND BEAM

HEAD DETAIL DETAIL 01.301 REV. 09/04/07


BRIC

K &

BLO

CK C

AV

ITY W

ALL

DETAILING MASONRY

SERIES www.imiweb.org 800-IMI-0988

International Masonry Institute

STEEL LINTEL & BOND BEAM

INTERIOR VIEW

EXTERIOR VIEW

SPANNING OPENINGS

Poly-wrapped steel angles used for temporary support

CAST-IN-PLACE MASONRY LINTEL

SPANNING OPENINGS

Precast masonry lintel fabricated on the ground

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

Lintel is hoisted by lift

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

Precast lintel set into place

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

10-foot span

PRECAST LINTELS

FIRE RESISTANCE

.38 cal from 15 feet

IMPACT RESISTANCE

DURABLE / LOW MAINTENANCE

BU

ILD

ING

REU

SE



Interior masonry partition walls never need painting.

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: COMPETITIVE COSTS

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: SUSTAINABLE

ASTM E 2114-06a, “Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to

the Performance of Buildings,” Vol. 4.12, ASTM International, West

Conshohocken, PA, 2006

“Meeting the needs of the

present without compromising

the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs.”

SUSTAINABILITY:

MA

SO

NRY

FO

R S

USTA

INA

BILIT

Y

FACILITY LIFE CYCLE

Project Resource Manual – CSI Manual of Practice

Facility evaluation may

identify needs that lead

to expansion, remodel-

ing, renovation, or

restoration of an

existing facility to

accommodate growth

or changes in function;

or may result in

abandonment,

deconstruction, sale, or

adaptive reuse of an

existing facility.

SU

STA

INA

BLE

DES

IGN

TO

PIC

S

Q: What topics are considered as Sustainable Design topics?

www.aia.org FAQs

Active Solar Thermal Systems

Alternative Energy

Alternative Transportation

Appropriate Size and Growth

Biomimicry

Building Form

Building Monitoring

Building Orientation

Carbon Offsets

Cavity Walls for Insulating Airspace

Co-Generation

Conserving Systems and Equipment

Contract Documents

(related to sustainable design)

Construction Waste Management

Cool Roofs

Deconstruction and Salvage

Materials

Daylighting

Earth Sheltering

Efficient Artificial Lighting

Efficient Site Lighting Systems

Energy Modeling

Energy Source Ramifications

Energy-Saving Appliances and

Equipment

Environmental Education

Geoexchange

Green Roofs

High-Efficiency Equipment

Indoor Environmental Quality

Integrated Project Delivery

Life Cycle Assessment

Mass Absorption

Material Selection and Embodied

Energy

Natural Ventilation

Open, Active, Daylit Space

Passive Solar Collection Opportunities

Photovoltaics

Prefabrication

Preservation/Reuse of Existing

Facilities

Radiant Heating and Cooling

Renewable Energy Resources

Rightsizing Equipment

Safety and Security Systems

(defensive planting, innovative

design, defensive space)

Smart Controls

Space Zoning

Staff Training (tech. training, only)

Sun Shading

Systems Commissioning

Systems Tune-Up

Thermal Bridging

Total Building Commissioning

Vegetation for Sun Control

Walkable Communities

Waste-Heat Recovery

Water Conservation

Windows and Openings

Green Specifications

Zoning, regulatory, codes

A:

SU

STA

INA

BLE

DES

IGN

TO

PIC

S

Active Solar Thermal Systems

Alternative Energy

Alternative Transportation

Appropriate Size and Growth

Biomimicry

Building Form

Building Monitoring

Building Orientation

Carbon Offsets

Cavity Walls for Insulating Airspace

Co-Generation

Conserving Systems and Equipment

Contract Documents

(related to sustainable design)

Construction Waste Management

Cool Roofs

Deconstruction and Salvage

Materials

Daylighting

Earth Sheltering

Efficient Artificial Lighting

Efficient Site Lighting Systems

Energy Modeling

Energy Source Ramifications

Energy-Saving Appliances and

Equipment

Environmental Education

Geoexchange

Green Roofs

High-Efficiency Equipment

Indoor Environmental Quality

Integrated Project Delivery

Life Cycle Assessment

Mass Absorption

Material Selection and Embodied

Energy

Natural Ventilation

Open, Active, Daylit Space

Passive Solar Collection Opportunities

Photovoltaics

Prefabrication

Preservation/Reuse of Existing

Facilities

Radiant Heating and Cooling

Renewable Energy Resources

Rightsizing Equipment

Q: What topics are considered as Sustainable Design topics?

Safety and Security Systems

(defensive planting, innovative

design, defensive space)

Smart Controls

Space Zoning

Staff Training (tech. training, only)

Sun Shading

Systems Commissioning

Systems Tune-Up

Thermal Bridging

Total Building Commissioning

Vegetation for Sun Control

Walkable Communities

Waste-Heat Recovery

Water Conservation

Windows and Openings

Green Specifications

Zoning, regulatory, codes

www.aia.org FAQs

A:

SUSTAINABLE SITES Potential

contribution

of masonry

1 point

5 points

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

26 24 28 10 points

LEED v. 3

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE LEED v. 3

Potential

contribution

of masonry

19 points

35 points 33 points 37 points 19 points

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED v. 3

14 13 13

Potential

contribution

of masonry

3 points

5 points

1 point

2 points

2 points

2 points

2 points

12 points, NC

11 points, SCH

13 points, CS

LEED v. 3

5 points, NC

6 points, SCHOOLS

4 points, CS

Potential

contribution

of masonry

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

15 23 12

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

INNOVATION & DESIGN LEED v. 3

Potential

contribution

of masonry

5 points

6 points 5 points 6 points 5 points NC

4 points SCH

5 points CS

Example: Project uses clay brick; clay is abundant

ABUNDANT MATERIALS

MA

TERIA

LS &

RES

OU

RC

ES

MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE

Case Study: Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL

MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE

Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL

Common brick facade removed.

New face brick installed on existing concrete structure.

MA

TERIA

LS &

RES

OU

RC

ES

MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE

Common brick from facade is preserved and cleaned.


MA

TERIA

LS &

RES

OU

RC

ES

MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE

Common brick used as interior finish at corridor walls and elevator lobbies.


after

after

before

MA

TERIA

LS &

RES

OU

RC

ES

MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2 RECYCLED CONTENT

MA

TERIA

LS &

RES

OU

RC

ES

Example: Project uses brick

made with fly ash aggregate

MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2 RECYCLED CONTENT

“Recycled Material: 40%

fly ash by weight… pre-

consumer”

R-Value

Thermal Mass

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

R-Value is the resistance to heat flow.

HEAT heat

HEAT heat

Thermal mass, or the

heat storage ability of the wall,

is not considered in the R-Value.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Exterior mass, core insulation, interior mass

Exterior insul., core mass, interior insulation

Exterior insul., interior mass

Exterior mass, interior insulation

MA

SS W

ALL

S

“Masonry or concrete walls having a mass greater than or equal to

30 lb/ft2 are defined by IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 as massive walls.”

Interior Insulation Cavity Insulation Inserts at CMU Foamed-in-Place

Granular Fill Exterior Insulation Insulation at Multiple

Locations Within Wall INSULATING MASONRY WALLS DETAIL 08.300 REV. 02/14/09


EN

ERG

Y &

ATM

OSPH

ERE

THERMAL MASS BENEFITS

3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 12AM

HEAT

LOSSES

HEAT

GAINS

2-HR LAG

6-HR LAG

DA

MP

ING

Source: National Concrete Masonry Association

BENEFIT OF MASONRY: HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENVELOPE

HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENVELOPE

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE

Acoustic CMUs can provide sound control for a better indoor learning and

working environment

Much like a car muffler, the closed-end cavities resonate sound waves and

convert them harmlessly to heat

ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE

Homewood – Flossmoor High School, Flossmoor, Illinois


MASONRY KEEPS JOBS LOCAL

SKILLED BRICKLAYERS AND CONTRACTORS

WE WOULD TAKE THAT DESPISED OUTCAST OF THE

BUILDING INDUSTRY

THE CONCRETE BLOCK

OUT FROM UNDERFOOT, FROM THE GUTTER

FIND HITHERTO UNSUSPECTED SOUL IN IT

MAKE IT LIVE AS A

THING OF BEAUTY

TEXTURED LIKE THE TREES.

- FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

YES, THE BUILDING WOULD BE MADE OF THE BLOCKS

AS A KIND OF TREE ITSELF

STANDING AT HOME AMONG THE OTHER TREES

IN ITS OWN NATIVE LAND.

SINGLE WYTHE BLOCK WALL

INSULATED BLOCK

SINGLE WYTHE STRUCTURAL INSULATED CMU

STRUCTURAL BRICK

8x8x16 normal

weight block

(140 pcf)

8x8x16 light

weight block

(105 pcf)

38 lbs 28 lbs

8x8x16 AAC

AC-4 block

(31 pcf)

18 lbs

AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC)

• Firewalls

• Loadbearing walls

• Back-up walls

• Interior partitions

• Stair enclosures

• Elevator shafts

• Column wraps

• Shafts & chutes

• Floors & roofs


Bricklayers route electrical chase in AAC


RAINSCREEN CLADDING

CONCRETE BLOCK BACKUP

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

AIR BARRIER

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

ALUMINUM CLIP ANGLES

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

RIGID INSULATION

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

TRACK W/ TULIP GASKET & CLIPS

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

TERRA COTTA PANELS

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

ADHERED VENEER

LIGHTWEIGHT REINFORCED STONE PANELS

Structural

Durable / Low Maintenance

Economical

Beauty


Versatility of Design

Ease of Construction

Fire & Impact Resistant

Contextual / Relatable

Sustainable

Energy Efficient

High Performance

Acoustic

Qualified Local Labor

THEREFORE WHEN WE BUILD, LET US THINK THAT WE BUILD FOR EVER.

LET IT NOT BE FOR PRESENT DELIGHT, NOR FOR PRESENT USE ALONE;

AND LET US THINK AS WE LAY STONE UPON STONE,

THAT A TIME IS TO COME

WHEN THOSE STONES WILL BE HELD SACRED BECAUSE OUR HANDS HAVE TOUCHED THEM,

“SEE! THIS OUR FATHERS DID FOR US.”

AND THAT MEN WILL SAY AS THEY LOOK UPON THE LABOUR AND WROUGHT SUBSTANCE OF THEM,

John Ruskin, 1849 The Seven Lamps of Architecture

LET IT BE SUCH WORK AS

OUR DESCENDANTS WILL THANK US FOR.

BAC CONTRACTORS

IMI-TRAINED CRAFTWORKERS

International Union

of Bricklayers and

Allied Craftworkers

International

Masonry

Institute