bellwork: explain darwin's theory of evolutionthe scramble for africa european nations raced to...
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Bellwork: Explain Darwin's theory of evolution
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IMPERIALISM
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New Imperialism- 1884 - 1914
European Countries Take Over
•Africa
• Middle East
•India
•China
•Japan
• East Asia
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New Imperialism
The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
Want direct control
Colonialism is a synonym for Imperialism
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From 1850 to 1914, the strong, industrialized nations of Europe used imperialism
to seize colonies & dominate the local gov’ts & economies in Africa & Asia
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$$$$$ Economic Causes $$$$$
• Factories Needed Natural Resources like:
Rubber, Petroleum, Manganese for steel,
Palm oil for machines
• Wanted new markets to sell factory goods
• Colonies gave Europe’s growing population places to move to
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Political & Military Causes
• naval ships needed bases around world to take on coal & supplies so islands and harbors were taken over
• Nationalism: countries felt ruling a global empire increased their nation's prestige around the world
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Social Causes
• Missionaries believed they should Christianize the “ heathens”
• Europeans felt sense of cultural superiority:
“ Social Darwinism” – “survival of the fittest”
“White Mans Burden” - Westerners thought they were superior & more advanced, so they had a responsibility to share what they had.
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They must “Christianize” them.
Many missionaries
traveled to colonized
countries to share their
religion.
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Technological Causes
• Europeans had powerful armies & navies
• Superior technology”:
Riverboats, Steam driven warships
New Medicines – quinine to fight malaria
Maxim machine guns, repeating rifles
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In Africa1885-1914
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The Scramble For AfricaEuropean Nations raced to take over Africa first
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In 1884, 14 nations met at the Congress of Berlin to “set the rules” for colonizing in Africa
Quick class discussion:What kind of rules do you think they came up with?
Any nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations & showing it could control the area
No African nations were invited to attend; No concern was given to ethic divisions in Africa
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The most dominant imperial power in Africa
was Great Britain
England
South Africa
Egypt
India
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What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa?
Europeans introduced new technologies like
railroads, telegraph lines, & steamboats…
…but transportation routes only connected areas that benefited
European businessmenEuropeans brought an
end to the slave trade… …but Africans were paid low wages & exploited
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Africans rebelled against European rule, but were defeated due to advanced European weaponry
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Imperialism In India
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Britain controlled India
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Britain had so many colonies that it was said that the “sun never set on the British Empire”
Among all of Britain’s colonies, the most valuable was India
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Sepoy rebellion
In 1857 Some Indians tried
to rebel, but failed to kick out
the British
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In China
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China split into Spheres of Influence –each imperial country could trade inside
their sphere
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Imperialism: China: Spheres of Influence
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The division of China worried the USA that it would be shut out
of Chinese trade
In 1899, the USA proposed an Open Door Policy in China
so merchants from all nations can trade freely
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The growth of foreign influence, poverty among peasants, & Christianity upset many Chinese
In 1900, frustrated Chinese led the
Boxer Rebellion to expel foreigners from China
An army of British, French, American
soldiers finally ended the Boxer Rebellion
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Imperialism in Japan
Essential Question:–What was the impact of
western imperialism on Japan?
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Western imperialism in Asia dramatically
changed Japan
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Title
Japan was isolated and refused
Western trade
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Critical Thinking Decision #1:
The Arrival of Americans in 1853
In 1853, U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo
Harbor with armed ships & demanded that the Japanese
trade with the USA
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Japan agreed to trade with the U.S.
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Everyone else traded with Japan too
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■ Text
Emperor Mutsuhito took control of the government & took
the title “Meiji” (“enlightened rule”)
The Meiji Restoration
Japan had a
revolution
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Wanted to get rid of foreign influence =
Modernize
Japan sent diplomats to Europe & America to study
Western ways & adapt them to their own country
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Imperialism by the US
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Quick Class Discussion: Based on this image, what important changes
took place in the United States from 1783 to 1900?
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Why expand?
USA claimed its “Manifest Destiny”
and took all land from the east-west coast
They expanded for the same reasons as everyone else
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The United States: 1860-1900U.S. Territorial Expansion:
The USA expanded beyond North America
and imperialized by gaining new colonies in Latin America and Asia
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Why did the United States imperialize?
Americans felt the need to keep up with European imperialists
The U.S. had a modern navy and belief that it could compete
with other powerful nations
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Why did the United States imperialize?
Like Europeans, Americans believed in Social Darwinism and that they had a duty to “civilize” the “inferior races”
of the world
So, what did the USA gain during Age of Imperialism?
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USA gained:
■Hawaii
■Puerto Rico
■Philippines
■Panama Canal
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By the 20th century, the United States
was a world leader in industry and had one of the world’s
most powerful militaries
Imperialism in Asia and Latin America transformed the
United States into a major world power
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PROBLEMS
Many countries unhappy with being taken over
Led to rivalries among developed countries.
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Positives
- Many positive things spread around the world during imperialism
- Education
- Medical care
- Religion
- industrialization
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On a separate sheet of paper.
Explain: How did Imperialism and Industrialization relate to one another?
Argue: Was Imperialism a positive or negative development in history?
Think of this as two open note quiz questions