ch 18.3 new nations in africa
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Ch 18.3 New Nations in Africa. After WWII, African leaders threw off colonial rule and created independent countries. Negritude Movement. A movement for African independence that started before World War II. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch 18.3 New Nations in AfricaAFTER WWII, AFRICAN LEADERS THREW OFF COLONIAL RULE AND CREATED INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES.
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Negritude MovementA movement for African independence that started before World War II.
French–speaking Africans and West Indians celebrated their heritage of traditional African culture and values.
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Ghana [former British colony]1957
Revolutionary Leader: Kwame Nkrumah Nkrumah’s Tactics:
◦ Organized boycotts and strikes
Reforms:◦ Expensive Health, education, & welfare programs◦ Dreamed of “United States of Africa”
Problems he faced:◦ Overthrown by a coup in 1966◦ Political & Economic Instability since then
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Kwami Nkrumah
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President of GhanaPresident John Dramani
MAHAMA
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Kenya [Former British Colony] 1963
Tactics used by the Mau-Mau:◦ Frighten whites & forced them out of the northern highlands◦ Used guerilla tactics
Kenyatta’s Reforms:◦ Tried to unite ethnic & language groups◦ Develop businesses
Resulting Problems: ◦ Civil Unrest under next leader, Daniel arap Moi
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MZEE JOMO KENYATTA 1ST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
OF KENYA
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President Uhuru KENYATTA
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Zaire, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Former colony of Belgium Gained independence by: Granted suddenly by Belgium
Mobutu’s rule was: Brutal & Corrupt. Resulting problems:
◦ Depleted resources◦ Extreme Poverty◦ Social Unrest; He was overthrown by Laurent Kabila in
1997. Kabila was assassinated in 2001. His son, Joseph Kabila, took power.
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Mobutu Sese Seko
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Laurent Kabila Joseph Kabila
Current
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Algeria [Former colony of France] 1962
Gained independence by: ◦ FLN (Algerian Nat’l Liberation Front) fought against France for
their independence.
Ben Bella’s Program◦ Attempted to form a socialist state but was overthrown by a
coup in 1965
Problems:◦ Unsuccessful attempts to industrialize◦ High Unemployment◦ Rise of Fundamentalist Islamists◦ Continuing civil unrest
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Ahmed Ben Bella
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Current President of AlgeriaAbdelaziz Bouteflika
“Elected” in 2004 after all other candidates dropped out.
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Angola [Former colony of Portugal] 1975
Gained independence by: Fought against Portugal Causes of their civil war:
◦ Communist rebel group MPLA declared itself the rightful ruler of independent Angola. They were supported by Cuba & USSR
◦ UNITA rebel group fought against MPLA with support from the USA
Continuing problems:◦ Civil war continued until 2002.
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José Eduardo dos Santos
President of Angola since l979.
His son is Vice President.