bellwork 3/6/09 what is a covalent bond? what is an ionic bond? give an example of each
TRANSCRIPT
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Bellwork 3/6/09
• What is a covalent bond?
• What is an ionic bond?
• Give an example of each.
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Carbon Chemistry
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9.1 Carbon Compounds
• Organic compounds – are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen, often combined with a few other elements such as oxygen and nitrogen.
• 90% of all known compounds
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Forms of Carbon
• Diamond – Hardest substance on Earth!– Is a network solid, all the atoms are linked
by covalent bonds. It is a single molecule.– Covalent bonds connect each carbon to
four other carbon atoms.
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• Graphite – Extremely soft and slippery.– Widely spaced layers– In each layer, each carbon atom forms strong
covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms.
– Between each layer bonds are weak.– Pencil Lead
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• Fullerenes – Large hollow spheres.– Found in meteorites.– Alternating hexagons and pentagons.– 60 carbon atoms
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Saturated Hydorcarbons
• Hydrocarbon – an organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.
• Saturated hydrocarbon – all of the bonds are single bonds.– Maximum number
of hydrogens for
each carbon.– Other name is Alkane.
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• Straight Chain– Molecular formulas show the type and number
of atoms in a molecule.
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• Branched Chains– Compounds with the same molecular formula
but different structural formulas are isomers.
• Rings– Called ring alkanes or cyclo -.
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• a hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds.
• There are three types of unsaturated hydrocarbons – alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons
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Bellwork – 3/9/09
254 – 71
92 + 54
452 + 211
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Mr. Thomas,
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Bellwork -
What are the three forms of Carbon?
Describe each form.
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9.2 Substituted Hydrocarbons
• A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an atom or group of atoms is a substituted hydrocarbon.
• The substituted atom or group of atoms is called a functional group because it determines the properties or function of the compound.
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• Alcohol– The functional group in an alcohol is a
hydroxyl group, -OH.
• Organic Acids– The functional group in organic acids is a
carboxyl group, -COOH– Organic acids have sharp tastes and strong
odors. (Vinegar)
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• Organic Base– Amines are organic bases.– The functional group in an amine is an amino
group, -NH2.
– Amines play a vital role in life.
• Esters– The functional group of an ester is an
inorganic or organic acid. – Account for flavors of many foods and
pleasant aroma of many flowers.Butyl butyrate pineapple
Ethyl lactate butter, cream
Methyl phenylacetate honeyEthyl acetate
nail polish remover, model paint, model airplane glue
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Bellwork
209 x 4150 x 756 x 5
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An unknown compound has no noticeable odor. Explain why the compound is unlikely to be an organic acid, an organic base, or an ester.
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• Four types of compounds produced in plant and animal cells:– Starches– Cellulose– Nucleic Acids– Proteins
9.3 Organic Compounds in the Human Body
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Starches
• AKA – Sugars
• Simple sugar formula – C6H12O6
• Exist as straight chains or rings
• Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, more complex sugars, and polymers.
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Proteins
• Organic Acids (-COOH)/Organic Bases (-NH2)
• An amino acid is a compound that contains both a carboxyl and amino functional groups in the same molecule.
• There are 20 amino acids that your body needs to function.
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• Your cells can manufacture some, but not all, of the amino acids.
• Your cells use amino acids, to form polymers called Proteins.
• A protein is a polymer in which at least 100 amino acids are linked through bonds between an amino group and a carboxyl group.
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• The instructions for building proteins are stored in your DNA.
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Nucleic Acids
• Store information about cell structure and function.
• Nucleic acids are large nitrogen containing polymers found mainly in the nuclei of cells.
• Two types:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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• Nucleic Acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides.
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