Bellringer• Fill out the map, you picked up

on your way in

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Causes of World War IMilitarismAlliances

ImperialismNationalism

Causes of World War IMilitarism--Alliances--Imperialism--Nationalism--

Failure of Diplomacy

Outbreak

• The Balkan Peninsula

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip).

2. Austrians present the Serbs with an ultimatum.

3. The ultimatum is rejected and World War I begins in August 1914.

The War…Alliances

• Allied Powers:– Great Britain– France– Russia– Italy– USA in 1917

• Central Powers: – Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Empire

The War…

• Western Front: fighting between France and Germany (trench warfare and stalemate)

• Eastern Front: Fighting between Germany and Russia.

War in Europe

• Germany’s two fronts

The War…Trench Warfare

• Systems of fortified ditches rather than an open battle field

The Toll of the War

Toll of the War

• The bloodiest war of the time.

• 22 million died, more than half of them civilians.

• 20 million wounded

• 10 million refugees

The War…New Weapons• Machine Gun

• Tank• Airplanes• Poisonous Gas• Zeppelin

German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:

1915 to 1917- British blockade the

German coast.- Germans respond by

sending out U-Boats and would sink any ship found in waters around Britain.

- Lusitania is sunk on May 7, 1915.

Zimmerman Telegram: January 1917- Telegraph from German

foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico was intercepted by British agents.

- Telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany

- Telegram promised that if war with the US broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory.

America Acts…Why?1. German U-Boats Sink Lusitania (killing 128

Americans).2. Britain intercepts German proposal to ally

with Mexico.3. Germans sink more ships that are unarmed.4. Russian monarchy is replaced with a

representative government.5. April 1917: United States Declares War.

Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy.”

US Declaration of War• From 1914 to 1917 the US is Neutral.• April 1917• Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for

democracy.”

War at Home

• Difference between soldiers and civilians• Rationing• Propaganda• Role of women

Failed Peace

• Peace conference was at Versailles (formerly Louis XIV’s palace near Paris)

• Allies dictate terms to– Germany– Russia– Non-Europeans

• Causes a nationalist backlash

The Fourteen Points• From President Woodrow Wilson’s speech to

Congress before the end of the war• Supposed to be the basis of the peace

conference• Let’s figure out what each means!

Versailles Conference

• You will be assigned a country and a group• For your country, determine:– What role did your country play at the real

Versailles Conference? – What role do you think you should have played?– What outcomes did your country want from the

peace treaty?

End of World War I1. Wilson writes his

Fourteen Points in January 1918

1. Main Points: Self-Determination, Freedom of the Seas, League of Nations, and Mandate System.

2. Germany signs an armistice and World War I ends on November 11, 1918

End of World War I3. Paris Peace Conference: January

to June 1919- Attendants are the “Big Four”

(US, Britain, France, and Italy)- Punishment of Germany, League

of Nations, and New boundaries.

4. US Senate fails to approve the Treaty of Versailles– Henry Cabot Lodge led the Senate

in opposition– Senate rejects the Treaty and the

League of Nations– US signed a separate treaty with

Germany in 1921

David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando,

Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson

• An international organization established after World War I

• Supposed to help the world avoid future conflicts

• The United States was the only Western European power that was not a member

Failure!• The League failed because it did not have the

power to enforce its decisions

The Mandate System

• During WWI, Great Britain & France agreed to divide up large portions of the Ottoman Empire between themselves

• After WWI, a system was created to manage the colonies of defeated nations known as the mandate system

• This “system” gave Great Britain & France control over what became these lands in the Middle East:– Great Britain got Iraq, Transjordan & Palestine– France got Syria & Lebanon