BellringerFebruary 5, 2014

If you were a parent and your child ran away, what would you do to them when they

came back?

Sit with a Partner(If you have your book/notebook, come see me! )

Essential Question:How was the

nation’s commitment to

its founding ideals tested during

Reconstruction?

North + South = Happy Nation?

WHITE

BLACK

Republicans

Democrats

President

CongressEducation Freedmen?

Lincoln

JohnsonRebuild the South

PUNISH the South?

Pardon the South?

13th Amendment

15th Amendment

14th Amendment

Reunited and it feels… no good?

United States of America

Equal Rights?

Vocab• Reconstruction• Radical Republicans• Carpetbaggers• Scalawags• Black Codes• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment

– Reconstruction: Program implemented by the federal

government between 1865 and 1877 to repair the

damage to the South caused by the Civil War and to

restore the southern states to the Union.– Carpetbagger: negative nickname for a northern

Republican who moved to the South after the Civil War.– Scalawags: Southern whites who supported

Reconstruction & the Republican party after the Civil War.

Crash Course!

slave rebellious

reunion

rightFreedman’s

Bureau187

0sharecrop

pingRepublic

ans14th

Black Code15th

2,000

1876

Reconstruction

Southerner’s HardshipsBlack Southerners– 4 million freed slaves were starting a new

life– Now were homeless, jobless & hungry– Some did choose to work for their former

mastersPlantation Owners– Lost slave labor worth $3 billion– Some had to sell their plantations to cover

debt

Southerner’s HardshipsPoor White Southerners–White laborers could not find jobs

Competition from the newly freed slaves–Poor white families began migrating

westMississippi, Texas, CaliforniaNew opportunities

Punishment or Pardon?

Difficult questions to answer:–How and when should the southern

states be allowed to resume their role in the Union?

–Should the South be punished, or forgiven & allowed to recover quickly?

–Would the races have equal rights?

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction

Began planning in December 1863Ten Percent Plan– Offered a pardon to any Confederate who took an oath of

allegiance & accepted federal policy on slavery– Denied pardons to all Confederate military & government

officials & to southerners who kills African American POW’s

– Permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution after 10% of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the Union

– States could then hold elections & resume full participation in the Union

New FreedomsFreedom of Movement– Newly freed slaves began moving away from the

south

Freedom to Own Land– Urged gov’t to redistribute southern land

Freedom to Worship– New churches and clubs/organizations established

Freedom to Learn– 1860 – 90% of blacks were illiterate– Many southern states had banned educating slaves– White teachers went south to start schools– 1865-1870: Black educators founded 30 African American

colleges

The Freedmen’s Bureau– Created in March 1865 to help black Southerners adjust to

freedom– First major federal relief agency– Gave out clothing, medical supplies, food, etc.– 250,000+ African American students went to bureau schools – Lacked strong support in Congress, Dismantled in 1869

Black CodesPassed by southern statesLaws that restricted freedmen’s rights– Curfews: freedmen could not gather after sunset– Vagrancy laws: Freedmen convicted of vagrancy– that is,

not working– could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor.

– Labor Contracts: freedmen had to sign contracts in January to work all year, those who quit early lost all the wages they had earned

– Land Restrictions: freedmen could only rent land/homes in rural areas, forced them to live on plantations

– Poll Tax/Literacy Test: restricts freedmen from voting

Discussion Questions

1. What do you know about the declaration of a "state of emergency"?

2. Do you think that Facebook has had a positive or negative impact on human communication? Why?

3. What do you think the future holds for social media sites like Facebook and Twitter?

4. How might the vehicle-to-vehicle technology seen in the video promote defensive driving?

BellringerFebruary 6, 2014

What is debt?Grab a book

Vocab

• Sharecropping• Tenant Farming• Poll Tax• Literacy Test• Grandfather Clause

ReconstructionContinued…

The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Act

The Civil Rights ActRepublicans in Congress blamed President

Johnson for the southern Democrats’ return to Congress.

To put an end to Johnson’s Reconstruction, Congress tried to bypass the President by making amendments to the Constitution.

In early 1866 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act which outlawed black codes.

Johnson vetoed the measure, but Congress overrode the President’s veto.

The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Act

The 14th AmendmentCongress decided to build equal rights into the Constitution.In June 1866, Congress passed the 14th Amendment, which states:– “All persons born or naturalized in the United States…

are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges… of citizens of the United States… nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law …”

The Reconstruction Act of 1867• Calling for “reform not revenge,” Radicals in Congress

passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. These were its key provisions:1. Southern states would be under military rule by northern generals.2. Southern states would have to create new state constitutions.3. States would be required to give the vote to all qualified male voters

(including African Americans).4. Supporters of the Confederacy were temporarily barred from voting.5. Southern states were required to guarantee equal rights to all

citizens.6. All states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.

The 15th AmendmentIn February 1869, Congress passed the 15th Amendment, granting African American males the right to vote.In 1867 and 1868, voters in southern states chose delegates to draft new state constitutions. One quarter of the delegates elected were black.The new state constitutions guaranteed – Civil rights – Allowed poor people to hold political office– Set up a system of public schools and orphanages

In 1870, southern black men voted in legislative elections for the first time– More than 600 African Americans were elected to state legislatures

Republican SouthNorthern Republicans that moved south were called carpetbaggers– Referred to the type of cheap

suitcase made from carpet scraps– Implied that the northerners had

stuffed their bags & rushed to profit from southern misery

– Carpetbaggers were often depicted as greedy men seeking to grab power or make a fast buck.

White Southern Republicans were treated as traitors– Called Scalawags– This was originally a Scottish word meaning

“scrawny cattle.” – Most had opposed secession, small farmers,

poor

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt

1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land.

2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop.

3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.

4. At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth.

5. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord.

Sharecropping and Tenant FarmingSharecroppingA family farmed a portion of a planter’s land.As payment, the family was promised a share of the

crop at harvest time.After the harvest, some planters evicted the

sharecroppers without pay or charged the sharecroppers for housing and other expenses, so that the sharecroppers were in debt at the end of the year.

Many sharecropping families were in debt to the planters and trapped on the plantation.

Tenant FarmingTenant farmers did not own the land they

farmed.The tenant farmer paid to rent the land and

chose which crops to plant and how much to work.

Tenant farming created a class of wealthy merchants who sold supplies on credit.

Sharecropping and tenant farming encouraged planters to grow cash crops, such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane. The South had to import much of its food.

Spreading TerrorThe Ku Klux KlanThe Klan sought to eliminate the Republican

Party in the South by intimidating voters.They wanted to keep African Americans as

submissive laborers.They planted burning crosses on the lawns of

their victims and tortured, kidnapped, or murdered them.

Prosperous African Americans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags became their victims.

The Federal Response• In 1870 and 1871, Congress passed a series of

anti-Klan laws.• The Enforcement Act of 1870 banned the use of

terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting.

• Other laws banned the KKK and used the military to protect voters and voting places.

• As federal troops withdrew from the South, black suffrage all but ended.

Reconstruction Ends• There were four main factors that contributed

to the end of Reconstruction.– Corruption: Reconstruction legislatures and

Grant’s administration came to symbolize corruption, greed, and poor government.

– The economy: Reconstruction legislatures taxed and spent heavily, putting the southern states deeper into debt.

– Violence: As federal troops withdrew from the South, some white Democrats used violence and intimidation to prevent freedmen from voting. This tactic allowed white Southerners to regain control of the state governments.

– The Democrats return to power: The pardoned ex-Confederates combined with other white Southerners to form a new bloc of Democratic voters known as the Solid South. They blocked Reconstruction policies.

Report Cards on Reconstruction

• With your partner…– Read through and discuss similarities and

differences of the Reconstruction Plans– Evaluate the plan by giving it a grade based on the

grading scale– Using the extra space in the box, or on a separate

sheet of paper explain your reasoning for assigning that grade• Group members do not have to agree on the same

grade• Explain why you don’t agree with your group members

My A+ Plan• The steps the government should take against

individual Southerners who rebelled against the United States are…

• The steps the government should take to allow Southern states back into the United States are…

• The steps the government should take to deal with the freedmen are…

HOMEWORK

Discussion Questions

1. In your opinion, what should be the priorities of Sochi officials as the city prepares for the Olympics?

2. Is this winter having a negative or positive impact on any businesses in your area? Explain.

3. What's your opinion of the decision by CVS not to sell tobacco products in its stores?

4. Why do you think that synchronization of time is so important?

February 7, 2014

No BellringerTurn to CNN

Missing Syllabus!Gatley

Discussion Questions

How might media coverage of the Olympics vary from

country to country?

Unit I Review Sheet

BellringerFebruary 11, 2014

What was one success and one failure of

Reconstruction?

Discussion Questions

1. What motivates someone who lives outside a disaster zone to help victims of a disaster?

2. Do you think that biodiversity should be considered when constructing a project that would benefit human quality of life? Explain.

3. What are some ways in which countries display their national pride?

4. Do you think that Michael Sam's announcement will have an impact on his career? Explain.

ReconstructionDBQ

PART IDocument Analysis

Document Analysis

Before you go….

Turn in your Document Packet

MAKE SURE YOUR NAME IS ON IT

BellringerFebruary 12, 2014

Do you think Reconstruction was a success or failure?

Discussion Questions

1. What examples of pomp and circumstance might you expect to find at an official state visit?

2. What do you know about the history of the relationship between China and Taiwan?

3. How do you think that a government based on a secular constitution might differ from one based on a religion?

ReconstructionDBQ

PART IIOutline & Essay

Outline EssayIn a six paragraph essay, answer

the following question:

Was Reconstruction a success or a failure?

• You must include:– Intro– Paragraph 1 – Success/Failure– Paragraph 2 – Success/Failure– Paragraph 3 – Success/Failure– Paragraph 4 – Counterargument – Conclusion

February 19, 2014

No Bellringer(Write this on your paper...... Why?... Because I said so)

Study Time!

(we will do CNN later)

Zip Your Lips & READ!

• Take out your book of choice & READ• We will read from the time you

complete your Test and/or DBQ until CNN News

• CNN News will start at 2:10

• If you don’t have your book today,please work on something else

quietly!

Discussion Questions

1. Why do you think that snow days present a problem for school administrators?

2. What do you think are some advantages & disadvantages of using credit cards in retail stores?

3. According to the video, what kind of information is music service Pandora gathering from its users' preferences?

Primary vs. Secondary

Source #1 Source #2

Black Codes"No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent

or keep a house within the limits of the town under any circumstances. . . . No negro or freedman shall

reside within the limits of the town . . . who is not in the regular service of some white person or former owner. . . . No public meetings or congregations of negroes or freedmen shall be allowed within the limits of the town. . . . No negro or freedman shall

be permitted to preach, exhort, or otherwise declaim to congregations of colored people without a special permission from the mayor or president of the board of police.. .. No freedman ... shall be

allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons.... No freedman shall sell, barter, or exchange any

article of merchandise within the limits of Opelousas without permission in writing from his

employer In the parish of St. Landry it was required "that every negro [is] to be in the service of some

white person, or former owner. ...

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow etiquette operated in conjunction with Jim Crow laws (black codes). When most people think of Jim Crow they think of laws (not the Jim

Crow etiquette) which excluded Blacks from public transport and facilities, juries, jobs, and

neighborhoods. The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution had granted

Blacks the same legal protections as Whites. However, after 1877, and the election of Republican

Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and border states began restricting the liberties of Blacks.

Unfortunately for Blacks, the Supreme Court helped undermine the Constitutional protections of Blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow

way of life.

Primary vs. Secondary

Source #3 Source #4

Primary vs. Secondary

Source #5 Source #6

No Bellringer(write this on your sheet in place of a question)

Take 10 minutes to STUDY!

Turn in to the Bin Today:Unit I Packet

Unit I Review SheetAny other Unit I Work

BellringerFebruary 7, 2012