Bellringer

Answer the following questions for the image seen on the right.

1) Name this artwork.

2) Name the Artist

3) What is happening in this painting? Why is it significant?

Bellringer-

1) The Death of Marat

2) by Jacques Louis David

3) Journalist in bathtub, sent hundreds to the guillotine, Charlotte Corday wanted to save her country, stabbed Marat to end Reign of Terror

The Classical Era- Classical Music

BEAUTY IS FOUND IN ORDER AND SYMMETRY 1750-1825

Copyright © 2005 - Frankel Consulting Services, Inc.

Classical Music

Baroque music was too religious and dramatic.

Distinguished by the growth of popular audience for serious music.

Vienna, Austria was the center of classical music As public concerts became more popular in the 18th century, the average

person’s experience with and appreciation for music increased.

Adopted Neoclassical ideals of order, symmetry and equality (sort of)

Composers gained fame by reshaping old forms like the concerto and establishing new forms (symphony)

Classical Music

Patronage Often commissioned by aristocratic EVERYDAY

families, rather than royalty or nobility Supported themselves by offering music lessons,

printing books of instruction, and writing simple pieces to be played at home

Not as rich, but free in composition

Classical Music

Women Made music in the home

to entertain families, suitors, and close friends Traditional instrument in the home:

Harpsichord Professional Musicians for the first time:

Marianna Martinez (1744-1812) Studied with Haydn Full length works earned her acclaim

http://oboeclassics.com/~oboe3583/ambache/wMartinez.htm

Classical Music

Characteristics: References to Greco-Roman Art, clarity of form, balanced design, emotional restraint

How did music change? Form: order, symmetry, clarity Timbre: New/more instruments = more instrumental

music Texture: Polyphony gives way to Homophony Melody: distinct patterns and duality Dynamics: Changes more subtle and dramatic Types: sonata, string quartet, symphony, overture.

Symphony

Four parts that follow a predictable pattern

An extended work for orchestra - 20 - 40 min. in length.Characteristics of Form: First Movement: Allegro-Dramatic

Uses the sonata-allegro form Second Movement: Adagio/Andante- Reflective

Theme and variation/rondo/sonata-allegro Third Movement: Moderato (popular dance)- Stately and Elegant

Minuet/trio (ABA) Fourth Movement: Allegro- Happy

Sonata-allegro form

The Sonata

This word is used in two different ways:A one-movement piece for a solo instrument, usually accompanied by a pianoSonata allegro form (first movement of a symphony)-

Exposition Introduces themes

Development Modifies themes

Recapitulation Returns to the main theme

The String Quartet

A composition for four solo string instruments: 2 Violins 1 Viola 1 Cello

Each part is equally important.Haydn was the first to write one - he also mastered them. Piece usually has four movements similar to that of the symphonic form.

Opera

Opera is a combination of music, drama, scenery, costumes, dance, etc., to create a complete art form.During this period and the one that followed that most of the most famous operas were written - including: The Magic Flute The Marriage of Figaro Don Giovanni

Mozart

Instruments of the Classical Period

Modern FluteClarinetFrench HornValved TrumpetTrombonePercussionPiano

Famous Classical Composers

Haydn Mozart Beethoven

Franz Joseph Haydn-1732-1809

- Court musician for Prince Esterhazy for 30 years- When Esterhazy died in 1790, son

disbanded orchestra.- Moved from Vienna to England in 1791

- Received at Royal Court- Awarded an honorary doctorate at Oxford- Began to receive financial benefits- Here he wrote “London Symphonies”

- “Papa Haydn”- Basic form of sonata, symphony, and string

quartet- Wrote more than 100 symphonies

Haydn- Surprise Symphony

Characteristics of music: - clarity, balance, restraint- Set guidelines for classical style

while adapting to patron’s needs- Transition from court to public

music- Song to Identify :

- Surprise Symphony

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- 1756-1791

- Born and raised in Salzburg- Father was first music teacher- Child prodigy

- Played the violin and piano at the AGE OF FIVE!!!!

- As an adult- Suffered from depression and illness- Difficult time securing an income

-Wrote more than 600 works- 41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos,

nine concertos -Died at 35 in serious debt

Mozart- Requiem Mass

- Characteristics of Work:- Combination of German and Italian

styles- Shows a wide range of emotions- Wrote some of the most famous

operas, still performed A LOT:- The Marriage of Figaro- The Magic Flute- Don Giovanni

- Song to Identify :- Requiem Mass-Lacrimosa

- Composed: 1791 (In Vienna)- Most enigmatic pieces of music ever

composed, unfinished before Mozart’s death.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JE2muDZksP4

Ludwig Von Beethoven 1770-1827

Born and raised in Bonn, Germany Had to practice late at night for a drunken father 21- moved to Vienna and remained there

Known as prodigy on piano and his improvisational skills

Innovative and creative composer: Changes music from being a function of objective laws to music

that expresses one’s inner feelings

Supported himself solely through composing and performing his music

1800: starts going deaf/1815- mostly deaf

Nearly commits suicide (1802- Heiligenstadt testament)

Ludwig Von Beethoven 1770-1827

Beethoven

Characteristics of Work: 32 sonatas, nine symphonies Tension between Classical and Romantic Three periods

Until 1802: Classical style Stuck to Haydn’s rules

Middle Period (1803-14): “Heroic Phase” Works are more dramatic, longer, stretch

Classical form Compositions modulate between gentile and

appealing melodies and dynamic and forceful writing*

Final Period (1815-1827) New music territory and spiritual profundity

Beethoven- Moonlight Sonata

Composed: 1801Form: Sonata (piano)* does not follow the traditional sonata patternAdditional information:- Three movements:Adagio sostenuto: written in truncated sonata form where the melody is played mostly by the right hand.

- Pianissimo to mezzo-forte. Allegretto: is a relatively conventional minuet and trio; a moment of relative calm written in D-flat major. Presto agitato: The stormy final movement (C-sharp minor), in sonata form, is the weightiest of the three

Classical Composers Activity

Composers Assignments: Assignment One: Mind Map Assignment Two: Sensory Figure

Complete one and two on any composer of your choice. Write a summarizing statement of how the composer you left out relates to the others.

Conclusions

Most of the most famous composers in history come from this era.By 1825, the modern orchestra was almost fully in place (except for the tuba and low woodwinds).It was during this era that many of the most famous pieces of music were written, including symphonies and operas.

Exit SlipOn Opener, Article Sheet

1) Name one fact (composer) and one characteristic (music) of the following composers: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

2) Listening Quiz: composer and song title 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7 8 9