bell work (buff binder): copy the question below and write your entire answer. when a seed falls on...
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BELL WORK (Buff Binder):Copy the question below and write your
entire answer.
When a seed falls on its side, the roots still grow downward. This is an example of –
a. phototropismb. gravitropismc. thigmotropismd. hydrotropism
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Set up the journal pages below:If you didn’t do it yesterday…
• Page: 64• Date: 2-17-15• Title: Flower
Structure• Tape yesterday’s
reading part onto this page!
For today’s CORNELL notes…
• Page: 65• Date: 2-18-15• Title: Plant
Reproduction• Essential Question:
How do plants reproduce?
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Anticipation Guide:STAND UP if the statement is true; SIT
DOWN if the statement is false.
1. Some plants are single celled organisms.2. Plants are prokaryotic and animals are
eukaryotic.3. Plants are photosynthetic autotrophs.4. Plants have chitin in their cell walls.5. Pollination is a part of plant reproduction.
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Plant Parts/Systems
• Reproductive: Flower (with male and female parts)
• Transport: vascular tissues in stem
• Nutrient & Support: Leaves + Stem + Roots
• Response: Hormones + Tropisms
All of these parts and systems work together to help a plant maintain homeostasis.
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Plant Reproduction
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Flowers: reproductive organs of some plants
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Male Reproductive Structure:
Stamen = anther + filament
Meiosis occurs on the anther to produce pollen (sperm)
Filament = stalk that supports the anther
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Female Reproductive Structure:Pistil = stigma + style
+ ovarySticky stigma =
receives pollen from the anther
Pollen grows a tube down through the style
Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce ovules (eggs)
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Pollination
The pollen grain contains the male gamete
So, this is what sexual
reproduction in plants looks
like...awkward
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Pollination: transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
• This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes genetic variation.
Click to view the animation
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How does pollen get to the stigma?
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Wind: Dull, scentless flowers with reduced petals
Bees/Butterflies: Bright color, nectar, scent. They sip nectar, get pollen on coats, transfer pollen from flower to flower
Birds: Nectaries, brightcolors, tube-like flowers
Moths: White petals, open at night
Flies: Rank odor, fleshcolored petals
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Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower
• Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces genetic variation
Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen
or having parts mature at different times
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Seed and Fruit Development After fertilization,
the petals and sepals fall off flower
Ovary “ripens” into a fruit (hormones)
Ovule develops into a seed
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Flower to Fruit
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Seed Dispersal Mechanisms
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Seed Dispersal Mechanisms-Allow plants to avoid competition with parent plant
Wind - Flight mechanisms, like parachutes, wings, etc. Ex. Dandelion, maples, birch
Animals - Fleshy fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in feces or burrs which stick to animals’ coats
Gravity - Heavy nuts fall to ground and rollex. acorns
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Reproduction without flowers
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• Mosses, ferns, and related plants have swimming sperm. The leafy tips of mosses produce male and female sex cells. Male sex cells swim through water on the surface of the plant to reach and fertilize female cells. Fertilization produces a spore capsule, that scatters spores into the air.
What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants?
What kinds of limits does external reproduction impose on these plants?
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Germination
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The seed coat surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.
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Enzymes are used in seed germination
starch
embryo plantamylasesecreted
maltoseabsorbed
Water enters the seed and activates enzymes.
The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth
Plumule
RadicleThis is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb
more water
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Debrief/Summary:
• Explain how gravitropism and a plant’s reproductive system work together.
WORK
TOGETHER