Bell Ringer

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS AND THE MIDDLE AGES? WHY IS THEIR DIFFICULTY IN KNOWING WHAT HAPPENED AT THE BEGINNING OF TIME?

Finish intros

Disclosure

Term Projects

Think Pair Share TPS: Write your thoughts for 2 minutes

Pair up with person sitting next to you and share your thoughts for 2 minutes

Share with class what you both talked about.

Vocabulary Hunter-gatherers - people that hunted, fished, and gathered wild plants berries/nuts and other foods for survival. Each role important, men and women equals

Animism -the belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls.

Archaeologists How do historians generally know about other peoples lives ?◦ Written records, 5000 years ago

Scientists work like detectives◦ Anthropologist: study culture – peoples unique way of

life.◦ Paleontologists: fossilsSearch for Artifacts-objects that people in the past made or used, such as coins, pottery, and tools

Early Hominids Hominid – Humans and other creatures that walk upright

4 Types- Australopithecine- Homo Habilis- Homo Erectus- Homo Sapiens

Australopithecine- “Lucy”

Name means “southern ape” , nicknamed after the song

“lucy in the sky with diamonds”

Appeared in Africa about 4-5 million years ago

Stood upright and walked on two legs

Brain was about one-third the size of those modern humans

Donald Johanson found “Lucy” in Ethiopia in 1974◦ “We reluctantly headed back toward camp. Along the way, I glanced over my

right shoulder. Light glinted off a bone. I knelt down for a closer look… Everywhere we looked on the slope around us we saw more bones lying on the surface… The find launched a celebration in camp.”

Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind

Example

With a partner read and discuss

Any words you don’t know circle and define

Anything of importance/you like underline

Lucy's Kind

What is the difference between Lucy and current humans and why is it important?

Think , Pair, Share◦ Humans have been walking upright for more than 7 million years

◦ So What.......

Homo Habilis Name means “Handy man”

Appeared in Africa during the Paleolithic Era -first part of stone age or old stone age. Lasted from around 2.5 mil years ago to 10,000 years ago

Used crude stone tools for chopping and scraping

Brain was about half the size of those modern humans

Homo Erectus Name Means “Upright Man”

Appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago

Used early stone tools such as the hand ax (arrowhead on stick)

Learned to control fire

Migrated out of Africa

Homo Sapiens/Cro-Magnon

Name means “wise man”

Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago

Migrated around the world

Same species as modern humans

Used a wide range of tools; learned to create fire; likely developed language

Bell Ringer Why is Lucy’s discovery so important to us today? What are some unique features about Australopithecine? Explain how they would effect daily life for this early hominid.

Turn in disclosure

W/ partner create an infographic of the 4 hominids

Make sure to include a minimum of 4 pictures, including an annotation that will describe each hominid

Interpreting Maps Handout

With a partner look at the map on page 10 in your textbook showing early human migration routes. Study the compass rose(direction), scale(distance) and legend(colors & symbols) with Mr. Allen. ◦ What is the northernmost Homo erectus fossil site on this map?

◦ Heidelberg, Germany◦ About how many miles did people migrate from Mladec, Czech

Republic, to Malta, Russia?◦ About 6000 miles

Then with a partner answer the questions in your learning log that help you understand the map.

Bell Ringer What is the difference between Lucy aka Australopithecine, and current humans. List 2 differences. What types of new tools were developed by prehistoric people, how did they help to make survival easier? Name the four types of hominids and a unique feature of each one.

Bell Ringer What set Homo Sapiens apart from earlier hominids? How did the development of a language most benefit prehistoric people?

Life In the Stone Ages - People

First humans lived during Stone Age First part called Paleolithic Era (vocab!!) or old Stone Age , 2.5-10,000 years ago

Lived as Nomads -people moving from place to place as they followed migrating animal herds.

For food, people were hunters-gatherers

What types of new tools do you predict that prehistoric people developed to make survival easier? What was their purpose…LL

Use of technology: application of knowledge, tools, and materials to make life easier.

Wooden handles/spears enabled throwing

String from animal sinew enabled nets/traps/bows and arrows

Hallowed out trees for canoes

Colder Climates bones/needles to sew skins for clothing. In time created shoes/hats/carrying sacks

Shelters emerged first in caves, then wood/stone used◦ In Easter Europe Mammoth Bones used instead- scarcity of wood

What is the subject of the art?Why more details for some animals more than others?What skills and materials would artists have needed to create the images?

Auroch, wild ox that is now extinct

Horses, both red and smaller black ones

- Suggest the meaning the painting might have had for the people who created them.- What were the artists trying to communicate?Cuevas de las Manos – Argentina

13,000-9,000 years ago

Tassili n’Ajer, Algeria 6,000 BC – second century AD

Australian Aboriginal in Kakadu National Park 25,000 years ago

Replica of Lascaux Cave Painting, France. Over 600 animals 15,000 B.C.

Independent Time/Learning Log

Write a paragraph describing the four main groups of early hominids. Your description should include the name of each hominid group, how each group was more advanced than the previous one, and how Stone Age people use technology to adapt and survive.

Worksheet: The Beginnings of Civilization, Vocabulary Builder Section 1

Vocab Neolithic Revolution – the shift in history when humans began farming

Pastoralists- people who ranged over wide areas and kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food and other items

New Stone Age Also known as Neolithic Era - period after Paleolithic from 8000 bc-3000 bc

Advances in tool making◦ People moved from chipping stones to produce sharp edges to grinding

stones to shape tools with sharper edges◦ Why does it matter???◦ Enables specialized tools chisels, drills, saws

Advances in food-Neolithic Revolution (vocab!!!!)

Development of Agriculture in new stone age much more significant than tool making advances

10,000 years ago ice age ended

Ice Age plants die/new plants arise ◦ Namely wild grains/barely/wheat in south east Asia

People gathered wild grains as food, noticed that new plants grew where old seeds fell=farming

Domestication(vocab next slide) of wild plants/animals

LL - In your own words tell me what you think domestication is?

Animals Animals domesticated before plants

Domestication- selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans◦ Careful selection best animals breed,

usually those that produced milk, meat, or wool◦ Dogs first tamed in N. America/Asia◦ Eventually domesticated wild herd animals

cattle, goats, pigs , sheep◦ Goats with smallest horns domesticated, TPS◦ Give me one example of domestication that we still use today and

an advantage and a disadvantage of domestication. LL

List all the Benefits of domestication - TPS

More stable supply of meat , milk, skins, wool

Carry or pull heavy loads

Help with farming

Helped provide Larger and more reliable food supply

No need to move

Farming = Societies Why is that?????

Farming did not consume their lives◦ People worked together◦ Began to excel in trades i.e. making crafts/tools◦ More people meant more protection/more hands to work◦ Trade flourished◦ Social Status began to emerge◦ More formal religion-gods and goddesses associated with animals or

worshipped ancestors◦ TPS why would religion take such a strong form in early societies?

New Technologies New tools and methods for ease of life

Hoes and sharpened sticks used to prepare soil for farming, eventually by 6000 bc animals used to pull plows

Pestles and grindstones invented to prepare grains

Early pottery made of clay◦ Used to cook and store grains, oils, and water

Bronze Age Bronze age- period after stone age, humans began to use metal in their daily lives

By 3000 B.C. learned to use metal, first copper then bronze

Much harder=produces stronger objects

Wool used to make yarn, learned to spin yarn and weave into cloth to make garments and blankets

End of bronze age

Catal Huyuk Discovered in 1958 near Konya, Turkey

Means “forked mound”

Obsidian rich products for trade mirrors, jewelry, knives

Entered from top due to closeness of homes

Buried ancestors inside beneath floor and built shrines to worship

Inside families cooked food, stored grain, and used pottery and wooden bowls and cups

8,000 years old 5,000-6,000 once lived here

Farmed and herded around village, channeled water through manmade canals

Downfall of large civilization? think in your learning log◦ Natural disaster could destroy village, diseases spread quickly, target for

nomads/looters◦ LL To us this is considered a village, why is it important?

Assessments

Interpreting Text & Visuals Catal Huyuk

Venn Diagram

Village of Catal Huyuk

Us

Similarities (Native Americans)

Exit Ticket: Write a summary of what you have learned today.