Bell Ringer Muscle Facts: You can write your answer on the back of the word search or other scrap paperHow many skeletal muscles do we have in our body?How many muscles does it take to smile? To frown?How many muscles does the tongue have?How do we create muscle memory?What is the strongest muscle in relation to the job it does?What percentage of our total body weight do muscles make up?

Unit 2:Muscular System

WHAT DOES THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM DO?

Objectives

Content Objective: The students will be able to compare and contrast the three types of muscle; smooth, cardiac and skeletal by creating and comparing posters in order to determine the factors that differentiate them on their notes.

Language Objective: The students will be able to determine key information while reading a short paragraph describing various types of muscle in order to create a poster that teaches the class one of the three muscle fibers.

Purpose of the Muscular System Muscle attaches to __bone__ in order to move our skeletal systemMuscle help you to move. Muscles cannot push but they can pull on your bones in order for you to make movements such as talking, walking, smiling, etc.

Two Types of MusclesVOLUNTARY

oMuscles you can controloMost of them work to move your boneso The brain sends a message to your muscles to

relax or contract depending on the movement you want to do

INVOLUNTARY

oMuscles you can not controlo The brain does not need to send these muscles a

messageo They know their job and they automatically do ito Examples: o Muscles in your hearto Muscles in your digestive systemo Tiny muscles on the bottom of your hairs that makes your

hair stand up when you are cold/scared

Three Types of MusclesIn your group….Read the handout on your type of muscleCreate a poster that includes: Muscle Type Name Identify if it is a voluntary or involuntary muscle How they contract Where they are located Draw a picture of what it looks like

Are Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal Muscles Voluntary or Involuntary?SKELETAL MUSCLE

VoluntaryWe think about the

movement that we want to do and our brain sends that message to the muscles to contract which pulls on our bones to make them move.

SMOOTH MUSCLE

InvoluntaryWe do not think about

digesting food, expanding or relaxing our bladder, or breathing

CARDIAC MUSCLE

InvoluntaryWe do not think about

making sure our heart pumps 100,000 times a day

How do Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Contract?SKELETAL MUSCLE

Muscles attach to bones via tendons so that when the muscle contracts it causes the bone to move at the joint

Skeletal muscle is striated and has a circular arrangement

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Smooth muscles can contract in all directions because the muscle fibers lay in different directions

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Similar to skeletal muscles in that the muscle is striated. Pacemaker cells and the nervous system cause this muscle to contract.

What do Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Look Like?SKELETAL MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

Where Are Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Found?SKELETAL MUSCLE

Tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone

Any muscle that attaches to bone is a skeletal muscle

Examples: Biceps, Triceps, Pectoralis, Latissimus Dorsi, Abdominals

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Found in hollow parts of your body

Examples: Stomach, intestines, blood vessels, bladder, female/male reproductive system, respiratory tract, iris of the eye

CARDIAC MUSCLE

ONLY located in the heart

Skeletal Muscle These muscles are VOLUNTARY ~ you control these muscles. These muscles are connected to your bones

◦Provide movements such as RUNNING, EYE MOVEMENTS, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, etc. possible.

There are 650 individual SKELETAL muscles and make up 40% of your body weight.

Smooth MuscleSmooth muscles are involuntaryThey are located around the hollow parts of your body. Example: stomach, intestines, blood vessels, bladder, etc.

These muscles help in respiration & digestion. (functions that happen automatically)These muscles can contract in all directions because the muscle fibers lay in different directions.

Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is involuntary The cardiac muscle is found in your HEART and never fatigues! It contracts automatically & squeezes the walls of the heart inward. The heart beats about 100,000 times per day.

Functions of MusclesWhat were the functions identified for the skeletal system?Do you think any of those functions are the same for our muscular

system?

Talk with the person sitting next to you about what functions you think the muscular system serves.What did you and your partner identify?

Functions of Muscles1. Posture

a) In your opinion how do muscles provide posture?b) What is posture?c) What muscles are primarily responsible for holding our posture?

Definition: The position of the limbs or the carriage of the bodyHow Do Muscles Provide Posture?◦ Muscles contract to hold the body still or in a particular position

◦ The muscles responsible for posture have the greatest endurance of all skeletal muscles◦ They are responsible for holding up the body throughout the day without tiring◦ The core (abs, pelvis, and lower back, hip flexors) are primarily responsible for providing posture

Functions of Muscles Cont. 2. Movement:

In your opinion, thinking about what we talked about with the skeletal system, how do muscles provide movement?

Which type of muscles allow for movement?

How do muscles provide movement?◦ Muscles are the only tissue in the body that are capable of contracting and therefore move

other parts of the body◦ Muscles connect to bones by ligaments◦ Muscle fibers convert chemical energy into movement

◦ Which type of muscles allow for movement?◦ Skeletal Muscles

◦ Example: Biceps

Functions of Muscles Cont. 3. Stabilize JointsWhat does the word stabilize mean?What do we already know about joints? In your opinion, how do muscles stabilize joints?

Definition: To make or hold stable, firm How do muscles stabilize at the joints?Muscles limit movement at the joint and/or provide balance at the joint to

make it more stable Muscle tone is essential for providing stability at the joint

Example: Weak muscles around your shoulder or knee allow them to dislocate more easily

Functions of Muscles Cont. 4. Vital Functions

What does the word vital mean? In your opinion, what are vital functions that muscles provide?

Think of the three types of muscles discussed

Definition: Necessary to LifeWhat are vital functions that muscles provide? Cardiac muscles involuntarily contract to allow our heart to pump blood

Cardiac muscle contracts to pump blood to the rest of our body and relaxes to fill the heart up with blood

When air is drawn into the lungs, the muscles of the diaphragm contract which allows air to inflate the lungs When the diaphragm contracts involuntarily and air is inhaled at the same time, the space at the back of the vocal chords in the

throat closes and causes hiccups

Moves food through the digestive system