BehaviorsBehaviors

Behavior 5.5 minBehavior 5.5 min

Squirrel secret agentSquirrel secret agent

Key Terms to Watch For:Key Terms to Watch For:

• Behavior Stimulus• Circadian Rhythm Reflex• Ritual Pheromones• Hibernation Dominance• Hierarchy Migration• Fight or Flight Response Altruism• Imprinting Insight• Konrad Lorenz Habituation• Jane Goodall Ivan Pavlov• Operant Conditioning

BehaviorBehavior

• way an organism responds to it’s environment.

Skidboots – 8 minSkidboots – 8 min

StimulusStimulus

• Something in the environment to which an animal responds.

• Ex: sound, light, gravity, chemicals, heat and pressure.

Innate BehaviorInnate Behavior

• behavior present and complete without the need for experience. Rigid and unchangeable.

Circadian RhythmCircadian Rhythm

• 24 hour cycle of behavior.

MigrationMigration

• rhythm that occurs seasonally. Movement

• Change in day length is thought to stimulate the onset of migration in the same way that it controls the flowering of plants.

Behavior resulting from internal

and external cues

• Animals navigate in a variety of ways.

• Some use the positions of the sun and stars to navigate.

• They may use geographic clues, such as mountain ranges.

• Some bird species seem to be guided by Earth’s magnetic field.

Behavior resulting from internal and external cues

• Young animals may learn when and where to migrate by following their parents.

• How many animals cope with winter is another example of instinctive behavior.

• Many mammals, some birds, and a few other types of animals go into a deep sleep during parts of the cold winter months.

Behavior resulting from internal and external cues

HibernationHibernation

• state in which the body temperature drops substantially, and breathing rates decline to a few breaths per minute. Conserves energy.

Hibernation and Homing Hibernation and Homing 7 min7 min

EstivationEstivation

• state of reduced metabolism that occurs in animals living in conditions of intense heat.

ReflexReflex

• simple, innate, involuntary response by a part of the body to a particular stimulus. (Ex: fear)

Fight or Flight Fight or Flight responseresponse

• Ex: When you are frightened will you run or fight?

Faith the two legged dogFaith the two legged dog

Territorial BehaviorTerritorial Behavior

• areas claimed by animals for hunting or raising young.

FAP - Fixed action patternFAP - Fixed action pattern

• complex innate behavior (instinct.)

• Ex: A goose instinctively retrieves an egg. Will retrieve any object of similar size and shape near nest.

Complex programmed behaviorComplex programmed behavior

• involves a series of complex steps.

• Ex: (bird building a nest)

Courtship behaviorsCourtship behaviors

• specific behavior or series of behaviors that take place to mating.

RitualRitual

• series of communication, behaviors performed the same way by all the males or females in a species.

CommunicationCommunication

• sounds, signals, songs of birds , etc.

Funniest Video Animals – Funniest Video Animals – 9min9min

PheromonesPheromones

• chemical that is released by many different types of animals as a form of communication.

• (Ex: in urine to mark territories of wolf. Ants to mark food trail. Bees use to signal a threat to hive.)

Social BehaviorSocial Behavior

• better chance of surviving as a group rather than alone.

Dominance / Aggressive behaviorDominance / Aggressive behavior

• behavior used to intimidate another animal of the same species.

• Ex: Male lion, deer using antlers

Hierarchy - pecking orderHierarchy - pecking order

• understood order within a group.• (Sometimes a young male may

challenge an older male, but runs the risk of injury, etc.)

Kin Selection - AltruismKin Selection - Altruism - -

• self sacrifice for the protection of relatives.

• Ex: honeybee stinging, dies in protecting the nest. A mother protecting her baby.

Tyson the skateboarding dog Tyson the skateboarding dog

Learned BehaviorLearned Behavior

• any change in behavior that results from experience. ( social and parenting, songs of songbirds.)

HabituationHabituation

• When an animal learns to ignore given stimulus. Okay maybe not, but

funny!

ImprintingImprinting

• quick, early learning of a behavior that becomes a permanent response to a particular item.

• Critical period - time when imprinting occurs in an animals life, usually at an early age.

• (Young horses are imprinted to owner at birth)

• Soon after hatching, if baby ducklings see a cardboard box pulled by a string passing by, they'll follow the box as if it were their mother. Moreover, as the ducklings grow up, they'll continue following the box. They just do not catch on...

• Cranes, like other large water birds such as geese and ducks, lack the so-called homing instinct so prevalent in migratory songbirds. (They must learn to migrate from their parents.)

• To avoid identification with humans, crane-costumed handlers wield crane hand puppets to teach feeding.

• The goals of the process are: • Bonding with humans • Desensitization to certain stimuli • Sensitization to other stimuli • Submission to humans

Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov

• 1900’s - did research with dogs. When a dog heard a bell they began to salivate.

• ( Classical conditioning based on a stimulus)

Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

• animals reflexes are trained to respond to a new stimulus.

Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning

• when environment accidentally rewards certain behaviors that animals happen to perform accidentally.

• Trial and error learning behavior.

Charlie escapes again!Charlie escapes again!

Insight or ReasoningInsight or Reasoning

• to achieve solution, a thought process must occur. Use of the cerebrum. (Ex: in lab chimps would stack objects to reach bananas hanging from the ceiling.

Insight or ReasoningInsight or Reasoning

• An octopus would crawl out of it’s aquarium and raid the other tanks. They have even been known to unscrew jars.

Konrad LorenzKonrad Lorenz

• 1930’s did research and developed a theory on imprinting. Studied the behavior of young geese.

• (Imprinting)

Jane GoodallJane Goodall

• Zoologist - studied behaviors of chimpanzees and their social order.

• Found chimps used sticks as tools to get food.

Bambi and ThumperBambi and Thumper

Comparison of Animal Behaviors

Typ

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f B

ehav

iors

According to the graph, what type of behavior do invertebrates primarily exhibit?

D. instinct

C. reflex

B. learning

A. reasoning

Question 1Question 1

The answer is C. Invertebrates primarily rely on reflex actions to survive.

Comparison of Animal Behaviors

Typ

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f B

ehav

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According to the graph, is the song sung by this sparrow a learned or innate behavior? Explain.

Bird’s Songs

Wild sparrow

Sparrow raised inisolation

Question 2Question 2

The graph indicates that there is a difference in the song sung by the wild sparrow and the one raised in isolation, therefore the song must be a learned behavior.

Bird’s Songs

Wild sparrow

Sparrow raised inisolation

The first time you rode a bicycle, you fell off. The next time, you were able to stay on and complete the ride. What type of learning is this an example of?

D. trial and error C. motivation B. imprinting A. habituation

The answer is D.

Question 3Question 3