Beginning of Change in the ColoniesBeginning of Change in the ColoniesZenger Trial, Salutary Neglect, & Zenger Trial, Salutary Neglect, &

the impact of the French & Indian War the impact of the French & Indian War

• German immigrant to New German immigrant to New YorkYork

• 17331733– Zenger Begins printing Zenger Begins printing New York New York

Weekly JournalWeekly Journal– New York GovernorNew York Governor

• Removes govt. officialsRemoves govt. officials• Starts a new courtStarts a new court• Attempts to rig a triAttempts to rig a trialal

• Zenger’s Journal Zenger’s Journal fires backfires back– Zenger’s paperZenger’s paper accuses the governor accuses the governor

of threatening “liberties and of threatening “liberties and properties & violating rules of properties & violating rules of office”office”

• Govt. indicted Zenger for libelGovt. indicted Zenger for libel• Grand jury clears Zenger of Grand jury clears Zenger of

chargescharges• Beginning of right of a free pressBeginning of right of a free press

• The colonial leaders shared power

• England interfered very little with colonial affairs

• Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors

• Self-government grew in the colonies

ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by crown

Oversaw colonial tradeFinal approval on laws

Could dismiss colonial assy.

Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies

Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

War begins shortly after alliances are made with the natives

Many small conflicts took place in the backcountry, known as the Ohio River Valley

Ohio was coveted by both the British & French

Both sides pushed for settlement, using military forces for support

British sent 21-year-old George Washington to remove the French @ Ft. Duquesne

• Delegates approve Ben Franklin’s plan– Called to unite the unite the

colonies under a central colonies under a central govt.govt.

– Called for a president-general in the colonies

– Called for legislative assembly w/ power to tax

• Colonies REJECT Colonies REJECT Franklin’s plan Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies against the French

• Colonies didn’t want to give too much power to one central govt.

• New British Prime Minister William Pitt vows to pay for & win war at all costs

• British attack northern N.Y. & take French forts• British attack French city of Quebec

– French believed it to be impossible to attack

• British take Quebec in less than a month– Battle of Quebec was momentum swing & turning point in the war

• France kept lands in the West Indies

• Britain took all French lands Britain took all French lands EASTEAST of the Mississippi River of the Mississippi River

• France would keep all lands WEST of the Mississippi River and New Orleans– To repay losses, France gave

Spain New Orleans and all they had WEST of the Mississippi

• Spain gave up Florida (for helping France)

Treaty of Paris of 1763

England Limits Colonial Expansion• British govt. tighten control on

colonies after the Seven Years’ War

• Proclamation of 1763– Prevent more fighting in the west due to

Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers – Stop all expansion west of the

Appalachian Mts.

• Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests– Military is in charge

• British used soldiers to enforce the law– People could only trade @ designated

points under military supervision