bedrock geologic map of the ingleside 7.5 … mineral and lan… · 0 16 25 30 a a' jp...
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This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCESDIVISION OF LAND RESOURCESJAMES D. SIMONS, STATE GEOLOGIST
NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEYOPEN FILE REPORT 2010-05
36 07' 30"36 07' 30"
36 15' 00"36 15' 00"
Geology mapped from September 2009 through May 2010.
GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE INGLESIDE 7.5-M
INUTE QUADRANGLE, FRANKLIN AND VANCE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINANCGS OPEN FILE REPORT 2010-05
cross section scale 1:24 000no vertical exaggeration
Equal area Schmidt net projection of regional foliation(gneissic banding or primary schistosity)
Contour Interval = 2% per 1% arean = 175
Equal area Schmidt net projection ofprimary foliation of country rock xenoliths in granite.
n = 35
Equal area Schmidt net projection ofbiotite schlieren, biotite foliationor feldspar foliation in granite.
n = 29
Equal area Schmidt net projection of lineations.Includes fold hinges, crenulation lineations
and stretching lineations.n = 8
Unidirectional rose diagram of jointsn = 316 outer circle = 10%
mean dir = 257
Unidirectional rose diagram of pegmatite dikesn = 81 outer circle = 8%
mean dir = 343
Unidirectional rose diagram of quartz veinsn = 21 outer circle = 14%
mean dir = 21
TRAVERSE MAP
traverse by cartraverse by foottraverse by canoe
Wake
- Warr
en An
ticlino
rium
Base topographic map is digital raster graphic imageof the Ingleside 7.5-minute quadrangle (1979),
North Carolina State Plane NAD 83 meters coordinate system,Lambert Conformal Conic projection.
Disclaimer:This Open-File report is preliminary and has not been reviewed forconformity with the North Carolina Geological Survey editorialstandards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Furtherrevisions or corrections to this preliminary map may occur prior toits release as a North Carolina Geological Survey map.
This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National CooperativeGeologic Mapping Program, award number G09AC00183.
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of theauthors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the
official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
TERRANE MAP
Raleigh terraneRolesville batholith
sea level
-2000'
-4000'
A Lynch Creek Tooles Creek US 401/NC 39synform -
approximate locationof axial trace A'
400'sea level
-2000'
-4000'
JdJd
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CZbgs CZsmsPPgk
CZbgs
CZbgsPPgdCZsms
PPgd
PPgd
78 22' 30" 78 15' 00"
78 15' 00"78 22' 30"
81
Observation sites are centered on the strike bar or are at the intersection point of multiple symbols.Planar feature symbols may be combined with linear features.
strike and dip of cleavage
PLANAR FEATURES
strike and dip ofregional foliation
84 strike and dip of joint
strike of vertical joint
strike of verticalregional foliation
strike and dip of primaryigneous planar features
85 75 strike and dip of quartz vein
strike and dip of brittle fault
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strike and dip of pegmatiteor aplite dike
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strike and dip of biotiteschlieren in granite
strike and dip offoliation of xenolith
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strike of vertical biotiteschlieren in granite
strike of vertical primaryigneous planar features
62 strike of verticalfoliation of xenolith
strike of vertical quartz vein
strike of vertical pegmatiteor aplite dike
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biotite gneiss xenolith with granite
biotite hornblende gneiss xenolith with granite
biotite schist xenolith with granite
hornblende gneiss xenolith with graniteschistose biotite gneissxenolith with granite observation station location
diabase station location
geochemical sample location01-ING-2
OTHER FEATURES
BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE INGLESIDE 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE,FRANKLIN AND VANCE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
ByEdward F. Stoddard
Digital representation by Michael A. Medina, Philip J. Bradley and Heather D. Hanna2010
2000 MAGNETIC NORTHDECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET
151 MILS20 MILS
MN
GN
1 9'8 1/2 NORTH CAROLINA
MAP LOCATION
SCALE 1:24 000
1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000500Feet
1 0 10.5Kilometers
1 0 10.5Miles
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS MAPPINGThe Ingleside 7.5-minute quadrangle occurs primarily in northernmost Franklin County, North Carolina, between the towns of Louisburg and Henderson. The northwestern corner of the quad is in VanceCounty. US Highway 401/NC Highway 39 enters the quad from the south, splits at the crossroads of Ingleside, with US 401 continuing NNE toward Warrenton and NC 39 NNW toward Henderson.NC Highway 561 traverses the extreme southeastern corner of the quad, running between Louisburg and Centerville. Aside from Ingleside itself, the quad contains the communities of Epsom (VanceCounty), and Kearney, Rocky Ford and Moulton (Franklin County), but no incorporated towns.
The Tar River cuts across the southwestern portion of the quad, draining toward the southeast. A large portion of the quad is deeply dissected by south-flowing tributaries that empty into the Tar River. These are Gills Little Mill Creek, Eaves Creek, Lynch Creek, Tooles Creek, Giles Creek, Bear Swamp Creek, and Fox Creek. Sandy Creek cuts across the extreme northeastern corner of the quad, and thenortheastern quarter of the quad is drained by Flatrock Creek and Devils Cradle Creek, themselves tributaries to Sandy Creek. The western portion of the quad features unusually rugged topography for thispart of the eastern Piedmont, with local relief of up to 150 feet. Total relief in the quad is just over 300 feet, with elevations above sea level ranging from about 490 feet just northwest of Epsom to approximately 187 feet where the Tar River leaves the southern edge of the quad.The Ingleside quadrangle is dominantly underlain by granitoid rocks belonging to the late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) Rolesville batholith. The granites are intrusive into gneisses and schists of the Raleighterrane, interpreted as an infrastructural component of a Neoproterozoic volcanic arc (Hibbard and others, 2002). Just to the east of the map area, in the Gold Sand quad (Fuemmeler, 2004; Stoddard andothers, 2009) the Macon fault separates the Raleigh terrane from the suprastructural Spring Hope terrane to the east. In addition, Jurassic dikes of olivine diabase are common in the area, most strikingnorth-northwest, as are linear zones of siliceous breccia, mostly northeast-trending, which are thought to represent brittle faulting of Mesozoic age (cf. Heller and others, 1998).Prior to this investigation, little geologic mapping had been undertaken in the quadrangle, although it has been included in a number of regional and reconnaissance studies. Parker (1968) defined thestructural framework of the region. McDaniel (1980) mapped a multi-county region, including Franklin and Vance Counties, at a scale of 1:100,000. Farrar (1985a, b) mapped the entire eastern Piedmontof North Carolina, defined map units for the region, and proposed a model for the tectonic evolution of the region. As part of a regional radon assessment, Speer (unpublished) undertook reconnaissancemapping of the Rolesville batholith. He (Speer, 1994) also presented a map showing some granitoid plutons of the batholith, and describing some of their constituent facies. Sacks (1996a, b, c, d) mapped astrip of four 7.5-minute quadrangles along the Virginia-North Carolina border, along strike to the north-northeast.
Adjacent to the field area, 1:24,000-scale mapping has been done for the Gold Sand quadrangle to the east (Fuemmeler, 2004; Stoddard and others, 2009), for the Kittrell quadrangle to the west (Stoddardand others, 2003), and for the Louisburg quadrangle to the south (Bechtel and others, 2010).
DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS
HYDROTHERMAL UNIT
qrx - quartz rock and quartz breccia: Sizable accumulations of massive, milky quartz, commonly with vuggy crystals of clear, milky, or smoky quartz ranging from 1 mm to 5 cm. Locally includesbrecciated and silicified granitoid rock having networks of thin quartz veins. Likely the result of quartz mineralization along brittle fracture zones or faults. Probable fault-surface features, includingslickenlines, observed rarely in float. On the basis of such quartz occurrences, several fault segments are inferred and are depicted on the map as linear quartz breccia zones with trends typically E-W orNE-SW. At one outcrop (IN1470) an in situ fault surface strikes N11E and dips 72 NW (right-hand rule: 191, 72). Another significant fault zone crosses the Tar River (at station IN2439) in the south-western corner of the quad, striking NE. An excellent exposure of qrx, along an E-W fault segment, holds up an isolated hill due west of Moulton (station IN1980). The trace of another E-W fault, locateddue west of Ingleside, is well exposed in fairly rugged terrain. At one location (IN1672) where its trend intersects that of a diabase dike (Jd), no offset of the dike was seen, and though brecciated graniticrock is present, no diabase is brecciated. Thus the fault is inferred to pre-date the dike intrusion. Because the opposite relationship has been documented in the Middleburg quad to the northwest, it appearsthat diabase intrusion and brittle faulting in the eastern Piedmont were more or less contemporaneous in the Jurassic. On the map, yellow diamonds not associated with mapped faults indicate isolatedoutcrops or major float occurrences of qrx.
INTRUSIVE UNITS
Jp – Porphyry: Olive drab porphyritic rock with a very fine-grained (almost glassy) groundmass and phenocrysts of quartz having beta morphology and of plagioclase, with or without alkali feldspar.May belong to an unmapped dike. Observed at a single location northwest of Ingleside (IN1707).Jd – diabase: Fine to medium-grained, equigranular to locally plagioclase porphyritic diabase, typically olivine-bearing. Commonly weathers to black to tan-gray, spheroidal boulders and cobbles. Occursin vertical to steeply dipping dikes. The traces of the larger dikes correlate with and may be partly inferred on the basis of linear magnetic highs. In the Ingleside quad, nearly all diabase dikes trend NW toNNW; one dike in the northwest corner of the quad trends N60E. Red dots indicates isolated outcrops or float occurrences.Granitoid rocks of the Rolesville batholithThe Rolesville batholith is a large, composite granitoid intrusive complex in the Piedmont of North Carolina. It is elongate parallel to the typical north-northeast regional strike, and generally lies along theaxial trace of the Wake – Warren anticlinorium, which passes approximately through the center of the Ingleside quad. Field evidence indicates that the Rolesville plutons intruded during or after the peakof regional metamorphism, and very limited radiometric age-dates indicate that they crystallized and cooled during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods (Fullagar and Butler, 1979; Horton and Stern, 1994;Schneider and Samson, 2001). Previous studies dealing with the Rolesville batholith in the area covered by this map include those of Parker (1968), Becker and Farrar (1977), Farrar (1985a, b), Speer (1994),Speer and others (1994), and Speer and Hoff (1997).Granitoid rocks of the Rolesville batholith underlie most of the Ingleside quad, except for its eastern edge, and the northeastern quarter of the quad, where gneisses and schists of the Raleigh terrane occur.Leucogranite occurs as mapped bodies (PPge) and as unmapped smaller pods in the metamorphic terrane, especially associated with sillimanite-muscovite schist (CZsms).The leucogranite and five other granitoid facies are mapped in the Ingleside quadrangle, as detailed below. The dominant facies, PPgd, underlies most of the map. Granitic pegmatite bodies areassociated with all of the mapped granitoids.
PPge – granitoid facies e: Fine to medium-grained, non-porphyritic, locally foliated muscovite +/- garnet +/- biotite leucogranite. CI less than 5. Occurs primarily in the eastern Ingleside quadrangle andthe northeastern Louisburg quadrangle, as well as the adjacent Gold Sand and Justice quadrangles. Typically intermingled with CZsms north of Moulton.PPgk – granitoid facies k: Medium-grained, generally equigranular white, pink, orange or buff biotite +/- muscovite leucogranite and granite, locally with garnet. CI = 2 - 8. Occurs in the east-centralportion of the Ingleside quad in the upper portion of the Bear Swamp Creek drainage basin; associated with and contains xenoliths of gneiss and schist just south of Ingleside. Commonly cut by pegmatitedikes locally having smoky quartz. Intrudes and contains autoliths of fine-to-medium grained biotite granite PPgi at stations IN1818- 1823.PPgd – granitoid facies d: Fine to coarse-grained, but primarily medium-grained equigranular to moderately porphyritic (very rarely megacrystic), rarely foliated, pink or salmon and white biotite monzo-granite. Commonly has an almost idiomorphic fabric with well-formed alkali feldspar and plagioclase grains. CI = 5 - 12. Contains common biotite schlieren and local biotite crystal clots. Pegmatite dikesand pods are extremely common; locally, isolated xenocrysts of alkali feldspar 1 - 4 cm in length also occur. Unit also contains relatively common xenoliths of Raleigh terrane country rocks. Less commonlycontains autoliths of fine granodiorite or tonalite and may display igneous layering between biotite-rich and biotite-poor phases. Weathered surfaces are commonly nubbly, friable and/or cavernous. Chemicalanalysis from station 01-LBG-1F from the west-central Louisburg quad has 70.55 wt percent SiO2, normative Q:A:P of 28:29:43 and normative 20.1 percent An. Likely equivalent to the Rolesville mainphase of Speer (1994) but generally lacks muscovite.PPgi – granitoid facies i: Fine-grained to medium-grained white, light gray, or tan, equigranular to weakly porphyritic biotite +/- muscovite granite, locally with pink alkali feldspar. CI = 5 – 12. Locallycontains alkali feldspar xenocrysts up to 8 mm in length, but does not contain schlieren or xenoliths and contains fewer pegmatite dikes than most other granitoid phases. Extends from north-centralLouisburg quad into south-central Ingleside quad; cut by leucogranite east of SR 1237 (Beasley Road) at stations IN1818-19. Also mapped in a separate pod in the southwestern part of the quad north ofthe Tar River (IN 2442).PPgj – granitoid facies j: Heterogeneous granitoid unit consisting of streaky, gneissic, or layered biotite granitoid and biotite granitoid gneiss. Includes granite, leucogranite, and granodiorite and theirgneissic counterparts. Generally medium grained but ranges from fine to coarse. Locally has alkali feldspar xenocrysts up to 3 cm. Locally exhibits strong compositional banding, elsewhere vague phaselayering, boudinage of darker phases, biotite schlieren, or xenoliths of biotite gneiss. Additionally may contain feldspar or biotite foliation. Planar fabric elements may be contorted and possiblytransposed. Pegmatite and aplite dikes are abundant and locally deformed. Occurs in northwestern and southwestern Ingleside quad. Always appears to be associated with granitoid of the Rolesville mainphase PPgd. Well-exposed at station IN2536, in an east-flowing tributary to Lynch Creek just north of a sharp bend in SR 1003 (Sims Bridge Rd.), and in a large pavement exposure (station IN2367) alongupper Lynch Creek west of its confluence with Gills Little Mill Creek in the northwestern Ingleside quad.
PPgl – granitoid facies l: Medium grained (typically 3 - 5 mm), hypidiomorphic granular to weakly porphyritic biotite granodiorite. Contains titanite, apatite and opaque minerals. CI=15 - 20. Occurs inthree small mapped pods in west-central Ingleside quad. Chemical analysis from station 01-ING-02 shows 61 wt% SiO2 and normative Q:A:P of 28:16:56, with normative An 32.6%.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE RALEIGH TERRANE
In the Ingleside quad, metamorphic rocks of the Raleigh terrane include biotite gneiss and schist (CZbgs), felsic gneiss, hornblende gneiss (CZhg), and sillimanite-muscovite schist (CZsms). The CZsmsextends eastward into the Gold Sand quad, where it is inferred to be the uppermost in a homoclinally west-dipping sequence of units (Stoddard and others, 2009), and biotite gneiss (CZbgs) lies to the east,presumably beneath the schist. In the east-central part of the Ingleside quad, foliations depart drastically from the typical N-S or NNE trends of the region, locally striking roughly east-west and dippinggently or moderately northward. Furthermore, in the central and western portions of the quad, large mapped blocks of CZbgs, CZsms, and perhaps CZhg, plus smaller xenoliths (depicted on the map bypoint symbols within mapped granitoid rocks), suggest a ghost stratigraphy of Raleigh terrane country rocks within the batholith. Taken together, these observations suggest the presence of a tightsynformal, complex but locally north-plunging fold of metamorphic rocks, having an axial trace trending south-southwest. The axial trace of the Wake-Warren anticlinorium is inferred to lie to the westof the synform, running through the Ingleside quad.CZsms - muscovite-biotite sillimanite schist: Bluish green to gray to golden or white, fine to coarse-grained, moderately to well foliated muscovite schist. Locally may be strongly and chaoticallycrenulated and/or rusty or maroon weathering. Locally carries sillimanite, kyanite, garnet, pyrite and/or very rare staurolite. Includes quartz-muscovite schist and poorly foliated maroon-weatheringmuscovite schist, as well as local kyanite-quartz rock or sillimanite-quartz rock. Commonly associated with pegmatite and/or leucogranite. Occurs in abundance north and northwest of Moulton,between SR 1002 (Trinity Church Rd.) and SR 1413 (Sutton Rd.) and in the northeastern corner of the map in the Sandy Creek drainage. Just northeast of Ingleside, two separate pods of CZsms,surrounded by granitoid rocks, are also mapped.CZbgs - biotite gneiss and schist: Medium to dark gray, fine to medium grained, moderately to well foliated biotite-quartz-plagioclase+/-alkali feldspar gneiss and schist. Varies from non-banded biotitegranitoid gneiss to variably banded biotite gneiss to schistose biotite gneiss and biotite schist. Rarely includes zones of hornblende-biotite schist, hornblende gneiss, or quartzofeldspathic gneiss with orwithout biotite and/or muscovite. Locally carries garnet, epidote, or sulfide minerals. Locally associated with dikes and/or sills of pegmatite and/or leucogranite. Also occurs as xenoliths within granitoidbodies. Excellent exposures in east-flowing tributary of Devil’s Cradle Creek in the east-central part of the quad, east of Highway 401 (stations IN1935-1948), and in the headwaters of Fox Creek south ofMoulton. Other good examples may be found in the headwaters to Giles Creek, just north of Ingleside, between US Highway 401 and NC Highway 39. An excellent exposure of banded biotite gneiss incontact with granite lies along Flatrock Creek about 100 meters south of SR 1404 (Lake View Rd.) west of Kearney.CZfg - felsic gneiss: Light tan to pinkish gray, fine to medium grained, well foliated, massive to fissile, quartz-plagioclase-K-feldspar-muscovite-biotite orthogneiss. Mapped as a single pod surroundedby CZbgs in the southeastern corner of the quad. Similar (unmapped) lithologies occur rarely within CZbgs.CZhg - hornblende gneiss: Dark gray to black, medium grained, poorly to moderately foliated hornblende-plagioclase gneiss and amphibolite. May contain biotite or epidote. Where biotite content ishigh may be somewhat schistose. Occurs in the western half of the quad as xenoliths within granitoid bodies. The larger bodies are mapped as pods while the smaller xenoliths are indicated by pointsymbols within granitoid rock.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSData were contributed by Stephen Fuemmeler. Jonathan Leidheiser-Stoddard assisted with a canoe traverse on the Tar River. Phil Bradley, Heather Hanna and Randy Bechtel assisted with office workand logistics. I thank all these people, as well as the landowners who graciously allowed access to their property.
REFERENCESBechtel, R., Stoddard, E. F., Clark, T. W., Beaudoin, A. L. P., Gilliam, C., and Antczak, G., 2010, Bedrock geologic map of the Louisburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin County, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2010-06, scale 1:24,000, in color. Becker, S. W., and Farrar, S. S., 1977, The Rolesville batholith, in Costain, J.K., Glover, L., III, and Sinha, A. K., eds., Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States: U. S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service VPI and SU-5103-3, p. A53-A77.
Farrar, S.S., 1985a, Stratigraphy of the northeastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 25, p. 159-183.Farrar, S.S., 1985b, Tectonic evolution of the easternmost Piedmont, North Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 362-380.Fullagar, P.D., and Butler, J. R., 1979, 325 to 265 m.y. old granitic plutons in the Piedmont of the southeastern Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 279, p. 161-185.Fuemmeler, S., 2004, Geologic map of the [northern half of the] Gold Sand 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin and Warren Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geolgical Survey manuscript map, scale 1:24,000.
Heller, M. J., Grimes, W. S., Stoddard, E. F., and Blake, D. E., 1998, Brittle faulting along the western edge of the eastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 38, p. 103-116.Hibbard, J. P., Stoddard, E. F., Secor, D. T., and Dennis, A. J., 2002, The Carolina Zone: Overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians: Earth Science Reviews, v. 57, p. 299-339.Horton, J. W., Jr., and Stern, T. E., 1994, Tectonic significance of preliminary uranium-lead ages from the eastern Piedmont of North Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 21.
McDaniel, R. D., 1980, Geologic map of Region K: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Geological Survey Section, Open File Map NCGS 80-2 [scale 1:100,000].Parker, J. M., III, 1968, Structure of easternmost North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 9, p. 117-131.Sacks, P.E., 1996a, Geologic map of the Bracey 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and Warren County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2285, scale 1:24,000.Sacks, P.E., 1996b, Geologic map of the South Hill SE 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mecklenburg and Brunswick Counties, Virginia, and Warren County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2286, scale 1:24,000.Sacks, P.E., 1996c, Geologic map of the Gasburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, Brunswick County, Virginia, and Warren, Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2287, scale 1:24,000.Sacks, P.E., 1996d, Geologic map of the Valentines 7.5-minute quadrangle, Brunswick and Greensville Counties, Virginia, and Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2288, scale 1:24,000.
Schneider, D., and Samson, S. D., 2001, A comparison of zircon and monazite U-Pb ages from the Rolesville Batholith, NC; lessons from misbehaving minerals: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, p. 7.Speer, J. A., 1994, Nature of the Rolesville batholith, North Carolina, in Stoddard, E. F., and D. E. Blake (eds.), Geology and Field Trip Guide, Western Flank of the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt, North Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Guidebook, p. 57-62.Speer, J. A., and Hoff, K. W., 1997, Elemental composition of the Alleghanian granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachians, in Sinha, A. K., J. B. Whalen, and J. P. Hogan (eds.), The Nature of Magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen: Geological Society of America Memoir 191, p. 287-308.
Speer, J. A., McSween, Jr., H. Y., and Gates, A. E., 1994, Generation, segregation, ascent, and emplacement of Alleghanian granitoid plutons in the Southern Appalachians: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 249-267.Stoddard, E.F., Fuemmeler, S., Bechtel, R., Clark, T. W., and Sprinkle II, D. P., 2009, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Gold Sand, Centerville, Castalia, and Justice 7.5-minute quadrangles, Franklin, Nash, Warren and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2009-03, scale 1:24,000, in color.Stoddard, E. F., Grimes, W.S., Robitaille, K. S., and Blake, D. E., 2003, Bedrock geology of the Kittrell 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin and Vance Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey manuscript map, scale 1:24,000.
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CONTACTSLithologic contacts - Distribution and concentrationof structural symbols indicates degree of reliability.
EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLSLINEAR FEATURESbearing and plunge of feldsparlineation in granite
5
bearing and plunge ofcrenulation lineation
14bearing and plunge of fold hingebearing and plunge ofmineral stretch lineation
11
30
inferred geologic contactquartz breccia zone - location inferred
cross section line
diabase dike - location inferred
A A'axial trace of synform - location inferred