be compiled

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND

DESIGN

Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

August 2017

BUILDING ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT

Lecturer: Sr. Dianne Kok Hui Wei

Date of Submission: 21st November 2017

Student Name Student ID

Liu Wei Qian 0322969

Maybelle Wang Sze Kher 0327553

Mok Po Yi 0318207

Ng Seng He 0323037

Pan Lek Vun 0323164

Pang Khai Shuen 0318423

Sherlyn Ang Tse Yun 0317977

Siong Jia Yii 0318239

2

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Benchmark Project ........................................................................................ 4

1.2 Building Design Proposal .............................................................................. 7

1.3 Green Building Index ................................................................................... 13

2.1 Gross Floor Area ............................................................................................ 20

2.2 Office ........................................................................................................... 21

2.4 Basement Carpark ...................................................................................... 22

2.5 F&B – Food court ........................................................................................ 23

2.6 Softscape & Hardscape (included water feature, park furniture & signage) 24

2.8 Covered Pedestrian Walkway ..................................................................... 29

2.9 Others (Allowance) ...................................................................................... 32

2.10 GBI Platinum Rating Allowance .................................................................. 35

2.11 Benchmark Project Cost Allocation ............................................................... 36

3.0 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 37

Appendix .................................................................................................................. 38

3

1.0 Introduction

Our site is designated to be in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, right next to the current

developing Tun Razak Exchange. It is strategically located near to the CBD as our

project consists of office tower and commercial retail spaces. This proposed project is

expected to be a vibrant, environmental friendly and economic development. Our

project will have a mix of commercial, office spaces and some entertainment. We plan

to have a plot ratio of 1:10 for this development as this has been proven to be a good

benchmark for commercial developments. This means that it will not be too crowded,

but also an efficient way of using the spaces that are available to us.

Around this area, there are many commercial office spaces and retail spaces across

the block as well as the proposed Tun Razak Exchange, which is expected to be

Malaysia’s most robust and innovative financial district. Since this area has been

definitively known as a financial precinct, we are also aiming to develop this land to

suit the requirements. We also intent to be the benchmark for future developments in

terms of green building and our efficiency. Our project complements the CBD and also

contributes to serve as a growth factor to many major companies.

This land parcel is strategically located between Telok Ayer Street and Cecil Street

which is one of the main roads towards the CBD. This location is easy to find and

offers a great variety of choices. This also gives the opportunity for the real estate

around the area to appreciate in value, hence encouraging more investors come in to

invest. There are a few landmarks which area Pavilion KL, Low Yat Plaza and Berjaya

Times Square just to name a few.

The site area is divided into 3 plots. Each of these plots have different area and

different usage. Plot A1 is 5990.80 sqm, which is designated for the building of

maximum 50 stories office tower and development of commercial retail spaces. Plot

A2 has an area of 1612.40 sqm, and it is open space area with F&B kiosk of less than

100 sqm. Plot A3 is only 180sqm, which is a subterranean space and it is to be

developed for part of a pedestrian walkway to the MRT station. This is done by

constructing an underground linkway passage for the ease of use. These 3 plots of

land will be used to their fullest potential in terms of green building and commercial

development.

4

1.1 Benchmark Project

The benchmark project set for this project is located at the centre of the city, Kuala

Lumpur, a corporate headquarter office tower comprising design and construction of

1 block of 32-storey office tower and 1 block of 9 storey carpark with 1 level of common

basement and external infrastructure works.

This high-rise building served as a landmark corporate headquarters designed for

business versatility with Grade-A intelligent features. A total of 25-feet high grand

lobby with spacious freedom with 9.5 feet floor-to-ceiling office space within 32 floors

with 3 distinctive zones that cater to multi-functional businesses. This building has

been certified by GBI as well as MSC compliant in recognition of their practice for

environmental design and construction. The office tower is complete with features that

provide fibre-optic backbone with 100% backup power supply with Building

Management System that ensures the optimal saving in energy and water usage and

real time monitoring of environmental changes including carbon monoxide levels.

Besides all the environmental features mentioned above, it is located at a strategic

location that have easy access to public transport like the bus, LRT, KTM and Monorail

stations.

7

1.2 Building Design Proposal

The land plot is divided in Plot A1, A2, & A3, each with distinctive functions and

purposes. Our team attempted to divide the usage of these plots accordingly to

achieve the maximum diversity and efficiency of land use.

Our proposed building design consists of several main elements:

1) Main Office Building

The main feature of this development, situated in Plot A1, is an approximately

100m high office tower, housing 25 floors of offices and the ground floor as

retails. The average GFA per floor is 2500m2. Floor to floor height is 3.6m per

floor, with ground floor being extended to 4.0m height.

The office floor area amount to 62,288m2, surpassing the required 61,730m2.

8

2) Retail Block

Located next to the main office building in Plot A1 is a 4-storey shopping centre.

It acts as a façade facing Telok Ayer Street. Approximately 20 meters in height,

this structure consists of 1200m2 GFA per floor, amounting to 4,800m2 of retail

space.

Combined with the ground floor of the office building, these two spaces provide

7,300m2 GFA of retail zones.

3) Cafeteria

The landscaping area in Plot A2 will hold a cafeteria, with a maximum GFA of

100m2. This building will be located at the top right corner of the plot as

demarcated in the drawing.

9

4) Basement

The basement level of this development will consist of underground parking and

pedestrian walkways. We have provided approximately 6,300m2 of parking

space, which translates to 418 total parking bays, out of which 311 serves for

office use, 37 for retail uses, and 70 additional bays for public use as requested

by the client.

There will also be an underground pedestrian walkway spanning from the end

of Plot A1 to Plot A3. It is estimated to be 95 meters in length and 6m wide.

An additional 30-meter long walkway is required to connect the proposed

development to the existing underground pedestrian walkway leading to an

existing MRT station.

5) Covered Pedestrian Walkways

10

Situated around the office and retail blocks is the covered pedestrian walkways.

Two different widths of walkways (3.6m and 5.0m) are required for different

locations. We provided steel structures with glass canopy to cover the

walkways.

5.0m wide covered walkway is provided in front of the office block, before the

building setback line.

3.6m wide covered walkway is provided for the sides facing Telok Ayer Street

and Cecil Street to promote walkability around the area. Another stretch is also

built to provide access to the existing Methodist Church.

11

6) Existing Methodist Church and its setback lines

The development is required to preserve the existing Methodist Church, and

adhere to the stated setback lines for at-grade and subterranean structures built

around it.

The existing Methodist church is located beside Plot A2 iof the development

land parcel.

Two distinct no-build and setback area need to be adhered while planning the

development.

12

Building Perspectives

13

1.3 Green Building Index

This project requires a platinum rating in Green Building Index which is the highest

rank in the classification of GBI. The assessment criteria of GBI includes energy

efficiency, indoor environmental quality, sustainable site planning and management,

material and resources, water efficiency and innovation. The building has to score at

least 86 points from all the criteria stated above in order to achieve a platinum grade

GBI.

14

Green Building Index benchmark project

Building: SP Setia corporate Headquarter

Client: Bandar Setia Alam Sdn Bhd

Location: Setia Alam (Malaysia)

Gross total surface area: 33,838 m2

Lot size: 12,300 m2

Commencement of work: 2012

Completion of work: 2014

Type of building: Office

SP Setia headquarter is the third building to achieve GBI’s platinum grade in Malaysia.

Besides, it has also achieved GreenRe Platinum and The Edge Malaysia-PAM Green

Excellence Award. We can know that it is a sustainable, high value and vibrant building

that encourages a balanced and green lifestyle. The office building is connected to a

shopping mall – Setia City Mall which achieved a silver rating in GBI. It is similar with

our project nature so this is the reason we refer our project to this benchmark project.

15

Green feature and initiatives

The proposal to score platinum grade in Green Building Index as following:

Energy Efficiency

Feature Extra information

High-performance double

glazed windows and louvres to

reduce heat gain and

encourage natural lighting.

Solar photovoltaic panels on

rooftop to harvest renewable

energy. In benchmark project,

the solar panel helps to

generate 55Kw of energy

which is 2% of the energy

consumption.

Energy measurement system It is used to measure and manage the energy

and water usage of the building.

16

Energy-efficient lighting, for

example T5 fluorescent

lighting with high frequency

ballast.

Flexible lighting controls -

individually switched lighting

zones are less than 100 sq m

in the main building

Zoning – Zoning is the grouping of luminaires

into functional areas.

It enable the ease of controlling the usage of

lighting at each areas to prevent energy waste

when that area does not require lighting.

Auto sensor-controlled lighting

strategy such as photo sensor

cells at perimeter zones and

motion sensors in less

frequent areas in our projects.

Artificial lighting will be

switched off when there is

sufficient daylight.

17

Water efficiency


Rainwater harvesting from the

buildings for landscape

irrigation in plot A2 and

replenish water feature

Environmental protection

Using GBI-certified architectural products and construction materials. For

example, the usage of fair face concrete to minimize long term maintenance and

improve aesthetic value. Low volatile organic compound paint is encouraged as

well.

Promoting recycling by providing recycling bins in common areas.

Sustainable construction will be implemented. Reusable and recyclable formwork

will be used and strict waste management and pollution control will be taken.

18

Indoor Environmental quality


Efficient air-conditioning

system design, for example

raised floor for underfloor air-

conditioning distribution system

in the office building. Energy

wasted on delivering

conditioned air from ceiling to

floor slab will be reduced.

Other features such as CO2 sensor, auto condeser tube cleaning system, heat

recovery wheel will be used in the building to control the environmental quality.

Sustainable site planning


Open space – The open space

of our project is 27% of the total

development area.

There will be landscaping all over

the open space in plot A2 which

increase the greenery. Covered

pedestrian walkway and

underground walkway will have

connections with the building, open

space and MRT station.

Quality assessment system for building construction work will be implemented

and achieve a minimum score of 70%

Green vehicle priority – low emitting and fuel efficient vehicles will be

encouraged, for example hybrid car, car pool and bicycle. Parking for these

green vehicle will be provided as well.

19

Public transport access – there

is an existing MRT station

nearby the project which is

Tanjong Pagar MRT station.

Underground pedestrian

walkway will be connected to the

MRT station from our project.

Roof – roof garden to serve as a

functional space while

minimising solar heat gain.

Besides, the project will be using

the combination of solar energy

and roof garden which is

applicable to the roof of office

building and shopping mall at

Plot A1

Solar panel

Roof garden

20

2.1 Gross Floor Area

Total GFA = 76,560m2

Breakdown by functional elements:

Element Office Retail Carpark Walkways

GFA (m2) 62,288 7,300 6,270 602

Percentage (%) 81 9 9 1

*Please refer to Appendix C for detailed GFA build up.

Office81%

Retail10%

Carpark8%

Walkways1%

Elemental Breakdown

Office

Retail

Carpark

Walkways

21

2.2 Office

Item Qty

(CFA)

Unit Calculation Rate

(RM/m2)

Total (RM) Source

Office 68,517 m2 (3,560 + 4,840)

2

4,200.00 287,770,000.00 JUBM

cost

handbook

Source from JUBM & Arcadis Construction Cost Handbook MALAYSIA 2017

2.3 Retail

Item Qty (CFA) Unit Calculation Rate (RM/m2) Total (RM) Source

Mall 8,030 m2 (2,760 + 3,515)

2

3,138.00 25,190,000.00 JUBM

cost

handbook

Source:


22

2.4 Basement Carpark

Item Qty (CFA) Unit Calculation Rate

(RM/m2)

Total (RM) Source

Basement

Carpark

(Office)

309 lots x

15m2

= 4,665m2

m2 (1,475 + 2,030)

2

1,753.00 8,180,000.00 JUBM

cost

handbook

Basement

Carpark

(Retail)

41 lots x

15m2

= 555m2

m2 (1,475 + 2,030)

2

1,753.00 970,000.00 JUBM

cost

handbook

Basement

Carpark

(Extra)

70 lots x

15m2

= 1,050m2

m2 (1,475 + 2,030)

2

1,753.00 1,840,000.00 JUBM

cost

handbook


23

2.5 F&B – Food court

Item Qty (CFA) Unit Calculation Rate (RM/m2) Total (RM) Source

Food

court

100 m2 1,463,752

2

1,823.00 180,000.00 BQ from

previous

project

Food Court concept – one storey food court, GFA = 100m2

24

2.6 Softscape & Hardscape (included water feature, park furniture & signage)

Item Qty

(m2)

Unit Calculation Rate

(RM/m2)

Total (RM) Source

Softscape

&

hardscape

1,356 m2 - 150.00 200,000.00 BQ from

previous

project

Softscape:

Based on the client’s requirement, there will be minimum 40% of lush landscaping.

These are the example items (trees, palm, shrubs and turfing) included:

Trees

Palm Turfing

Shrub

Xanthestemon chrysanthus Plumeria rubra

Cuphea hyssopifolia Loropetalum chinense var.

rubrum Acalypha siamensis

Wodyetia bifurcata Cyrtostachys renda Zoysia matrella

25

Hardscape:

These are the example items (excluding lighting):

Seating

Reflexology path Concrete walkway

Water feature

Concrete bench Concrete planter box with seating

Signage

26

Night lighting:

Night lighting are priced based on lump sum – RM 500,000. It is all over the

development area, not only in plot A2 landscape area.

Solar pole light Up light

27

2.7 Underground Pedestrian

No Item Unit Calculation Qty Rate

(RM) Total (RM)

Sources

1 Excavation <

6.00m deep

m³ (65.5 + 30 + 43.5) x

6 x 4.5

3753 45.00 168,885.00 BQ from

previous

project

2 Backfilling with

300mm thick

coarse aggregate

m² 139 x 6 834 40.00 33,360.00 BQ from

previous

project

3 Grade 35

reinforced

vibrated concrete

(floor)

m³ 139 x 6 x 0.5 287 253.70 72,685.05 CIDB

4 Grade 35

reinforced

vibrated concrete

(wall)

m³ 139 x 4.5 x 0.3 x 2 375 253.70 95,213.61 CIDB

5 Formwork (floor) m² (139 + 6) x 2 x 0.5 145 34.00 4,930.00 QS Online

6 Formwork (wall) m² (139 x 4.5 x 2 x 2) +

(4.5 x 0.3 x 4)

2507 34.00 85,251.60 QS Online

7 BRC Ref No. B10

(2 layers)

m² 139 x 6 x2 1668 34.70 57,879.60 BQ from

previous

project

8 Waterproofing

(floor)

m² 139 x 6 834 35.40 29,523.60 BQ from

previous

project

9 Waterproofing

(wall)

m² 139 x 4.5 x 2 1251 35.40 44,285.40 BQ from

previous

project

10 0.25mm thick

polythen sheet

damp proof

membrane

m² 139 x 6 834 5.00 4,170.00 BQ from

previous

project

11 600mm x 300mm

porcelain tiles

including

minimum 20mm

thick base screed

m² 139 x 6 834 74.80 62,383.20 QS Online

28

No Item Unit Calculation Qty Rate

(RM)

Total (RM) Sources

12 1220mm x

1220mm x 3.2mm

thick 'UAC'

Asbestos free

ceiling sheet fixed

to steel joist

m² 139 x 6 834 60.00 50,040.00 BQ from

previous

project

13 300mm x 600mm

Granite wall tiles

m² 139 x 4 x 2 1112 200.00 222,400.00 BQ from

previous

project

14 Lift/escalator m² 2 x 15 x 2 60 247.50 14,850.00 JUBM cost

handbook

15 Services m² 139 x 6 834 610.00 508,740.00 JUBM cost

handbook

TOTAL (RM) 1,454,597.06

UNIT COST

(RM/m2)

1744.12

29

2.8 Covered Pedestrian Walkway

*picture shown is for illustration purposes only

*Refer calculation below

**Marked up 10%

A) I-beam quantity calculation

No Item Unit Qty Rate

(RM)

Total (RM) Sources

1 Glass Canopy ft² 9311 85.80** 798,883.80 arrowhub.com

2 Hot rolled circular

hollow sections @

3m c/c*

tonne 6.225 3300.00** 20,542.50 quantitysurvey-

oronline.com

3 I-beam @ Linear* tonne 9.374 3300.00** 30,934.20 quantitysurvey-

oronline.com

4 I-beam @ 600mm

c/c*

tonne 20.350 3300.00** 67,155.00 quantitysurvey-

oronline.com

5 200mm x 200mm

Homogeneous

Floor Tiles

m² 865 145.88 126,186.20 Previous BQ

6 Lighting Nos 73 150.00 10,950.00 Cost Plan

TOTAL 1,054,561.70

Cost/m2 Total area = 865m2 1,219.15

30

Total length of I-beam for 3.6m wide walkway (spans across columns)

= 135m + 15m = 150m

Total length of I-beam for 5.0m wide walkway (spans across columns)

= 65m

Total length of I-beam (spans across columns)

= 150m + 65m = 215m

B) I-beam quantity calculation (cont’d)

Nos. of I-beam (spread out to hold glass canopy)

(150m/0.6m+1) = 251 nos @ 3.6m span

(65m/0.6+1) = 110 nos @ 5.0m span

Total length of I-beam (spread out to hold glass canopy)

= (251x3.6) + (110x5.0) = 1453.6m

C) Hot-rolled circular hollow section calculation

Nos of CHS = (215/3m) + 1 = 73 nos @ 3.2m high = 233.6m

D) Floor tiles and Glass canopy calculation

Total area of 3.6m wide walkway = 3.6m x 150m = 540m²

Total area of 5.0m wide walkway = 5.0m x 65m = 325m²

Quantity of Glass Canopy = 865m² x 10.7639 = 9310.77ft²

Assumptions:

1) Hot rolled circular hollow sections is 177.8mm dia., 6.3mm thk @ 26.65kg/m,

surface area per metre 0.559

2) I-beam for spans across columns is 200mm x 175mm @ 43.6kg/m, surface

area per metre 1.15

3) I-beam spread out to hold glass canopy is 150mm x 75mm @ 14.0kg/m, surface

area per metre 0.576

31

Item Weight (kg/m) Length (m) Total weight

(kg)

Hot rolled circular hollow sections

177.8mm dia, 6.3mm thk

26.65 233.6 6225

I-beam 200mm x 175mm width 43.6 215.0 9374

I-beam 150mm x 75mm width 14.0 1453.6 20350

32

2.9 Others (Allowance)

a) Utilities Detection Works - RM 45,000.00

Utilities detection works determine the existing utilities of the site located at subsurface

or above ground. Any gas, electric, telephone, cable, water and sewer lines identified

will be used to design other utilities services of the new proposed buildings.

b) Site survey/investigation - RM 80,000.00

Site survey/investigation is carried out at the construction site to gather information on

physical conditions that will be encountered during the performance of the work. Site

survey should determine all the unusual circumstances of the site, the state of existing

buildings that are to be demolished and the conditions of the adjacent buildings and

sites. Thorough site survey is to be completed to identify the effect to demolition to

other existing buildings around the site.

c) Geotechnical Investigation Works - RM 220,000.00

Geotechnical investigation is below-ground work to obtain information on physical

properties of soil and rock around site that performed by geotechnical enginners.

Geotechnical investigation works including surface and subsurface exploration, soil

sampling and testing which used to design earthworks and foundations for proposed

structures. Besides that, geotechnical investigation also used to measure thermal

resistivity of soils or backfill materials required for underground transmission lines, oil

and gas pipelines, radioactive waste disposal and solar thermal storage facilities.

33

d) Hoarding and Signboard - RM 120,000.00

Hoarding is a temporary structure erected around perimeter of construction site to

secure them from view and prevent unauthorised access. It act as part of site security

system in ensuring health and safety for site workers, visitors and general public and

to prevent theft or vandalism. Signboard is a board that indicating both user and

corporate identity of professions which usually placed at the entrance of site.

e) Cadastral Survey (Plot A1, A2 & A3) (Allowance) - RM 50,000.00

34

Cadastral Survey is a survey to determine boundaries

and area of a lot of land or more. It can be categorized as title survey and demarcation

survey. Title survey is whereby the survey is for registering the final title while

demarcation survey is to determine the boundaries of a land for the purposes such as

the land's location, land's area, or clearance for building construction. Cadastral

surveys are controlled by law and the surveys within the meaning of Section 396 of

the National Land Code (Act 56 of 1965). The cadastral survey carried out will be

certified by the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM).

f) Utility Connection Charges - RM 120,000.00

Connection charges recover the cost of installing and maintaining assets that allow

parties to connect to the transmission system and which are not normally used by any

other party. The utility connection charges consist of electricity, water, sewage and

telephone.

35

g) Services diversion: electricity (Allowance) - RM 120,000.00

Moving the electricity cables or overhead power lines because they are affected during

construction work. For example, moving the meter and service cable when the

construction is completed or maybe alter the position of meter and service cable. We

can also move the service cable from internal to external position.

h) Traffic Impact Assessment - RM 50,000.00

Traffic impact assessment or TIA for short, is an important part of the preliminaries.

The officer of the assessment should be aware of the condition of traffic around the

area of construction. It is vital to engineers and transport planner to determine the

possible effects of development on the transportation and traffic system and to mitigate

and negative impacts. TIA will incur roughly RM 50,000 for this particular project.

i) Protection of Existing Roadside Trees - RM 150,000.00

On the other hand, protection of existing roadside trees is to maintain and preserve

the current trees around the construction site. This is especially important to us due to

the fact the client requires us to achieve a Platinum GBI standard. Hence, we think it

is justifiable to spend RM 150,000 for this item.

2.10 GBI Platinum Rating Allowance

The allowance for GBI Platinum Rating is 10% in this project, as from our

sources, we noted that the sum allocated for GBI purposes is usually 35% of the M&E

Works. As M&E Works usually substantiate 30% of the total contract sum, we decided

to apply 10% of the total contract sum after superimposing the two percentages.

36

2.11 Benchmark Project Cost Allocation

*kindly refer to separate Excel file

37

3.0 Conclusion

No. Item GFA

(m2)

Rate

(RM/m2) Total (RM)

1 A1-Office 62,288 5,227 325,550,000

2 A1-Retail 7,300 3,929 28,680,000

3 A2-Open Space 100 3,800 380,000

Sub Total (No.1 – 3) 69,688 5,089 354,610,000

4 Allowance for Land Parcel 76,560 131 10,050,000

5 GBI Requirements (10% of No.1 -3) 76,560 463 35,460,000

Sub Total (No.1 – 5) 76,560 5,226 400,120,000

6 Contingencies (5% of No.1 - 5) - - 20,010,000

Sub Total (No.1 – 6) 76,560 5,488 420,130,000

7 Cost Escalation (5% of No. 1 – 6) - - 21,010,000

Grand Total 76,560 5,762 441,140,000

A summary of our cost plan is shown in the table above. In Plot A1, we proposed

a 26 storey high-end commercial office tower with height of approximately 100m. A 4

storey shopping centre next to the main building is also provided. The basement area

of the land parcel is planned to provide parking bays of 15m2 per lot for these two

buildings, allocating 311 lots for office use and 37 lots for retail. These two

development amount to GFA of 62,288m2 for office area with rate of RM5,227/m2,

reaching a total of RM325,550,000. While for retail area, GFA of 7,300m2 is allowed

at a rate of RM3,929/m2 totalling at RM28,680,000.

Plot A2 is proposed to be an open space filled with park furniture and water

features. In addition, a single storey cafeteria with a maximum GFA of 100m2 is

provided. A total of RM380,000 is allowed for A2. Plot A3 will be used to develop an

underground pedestrian walkway spanning through A1 and A2. The walkway will be

connected to the nearby MRT station for public ease of access. We allocated

RM10,050,000 for development of the walkway and additional works to land parcel

such as demolition, covered walkway, roof garden, public car parks and site works.

To be able to meet GBI platinum rank requirement, there is an allowance of

RM35,460,000, constituting 10% of total building work cost. Besides that, a sum of

RM20,010,000 is provided for contingency, which is 5% of total cost including GBI

allowance. Finally, a cost escalation of RM21,010,000, consisting of 5% of total

amount including contingency, is allocated assuming that tender is called in one year.

To summarize, the total GFA for the whole development is 76,560m2. The final

amount totals up to RM441,140,000 with rate of RM5,762/m2. We consider the project

to be feasible and recommend the client to proceed as it has an advantageous location

to become a unique city attraction, providing great business opportunities.

38

Appendix

1. Glass Canopy – http://arrowhub.com/

2. Steel structure (Hot rolled circular hollow sections & I-beam)-

http://www.quantitysurveyoronline.com.my/

http://www.quantitysurveyoronline.com.my/

39

3. Grade 35 concrete (CIDB)

4. Formwork (quantity surveyors online)

5. 600mm x 300mm porcelain tiles (quantity surveyors online)

6. Lift/escalator (JUBM cost handbook)

7. Services (JUBM cost handbook)

be compiled

Education