bauhaus - universität weimar in co-operation with ... · [kg/week] percentage [%] kitchen waste...
TRANSCRIPT
Bauhaus - Universität Weimar
In co-operation with:Assumption College ThonburiKNOTEN WEIMAR GmbHProf. Dr. Kanoksak from Kasetsart University
Learning about the environment
Slide 1-1, Module G1 / S1
• Environmental education of the young generation –the students
• Waste utilisation:• By separate collection of recyclable waste,• Recycling and• Utilisation of organic waste directly on the
school site
General Project Targets:
Slide 1-2, Module G1 / S1
Definition 1: Perception of waste[Bidlingmaier]
Waste is perceived when itbecomes a problem and assertsnegative influence upon everydaylife activities. In this case,waste is matter in the wrongplace.
What is waste?Slide 2-1, Module G2 und S2
Definition 2: Subjective perception[Bidlingmaier et al]
With the application of subjective,respectively social valuemeasurements, a product is declaredto be waste not based on utilisationpossibilities.
Only by the subjective judgement ofthe owner, the product turns intowaste, when the owner proclaims it tobe useless or of no value e. g. emptywater bottles.
Slide 2-2, Module G2 und S2
What is waste?
1.806,85Kitchen waste
1.146,30Garden waste
6.289,17Sum
1.109,12Plastics
831,05Residual waste
535,55Material < 40 mm
304,35Fat326,85Paper, cardboard
131,18Glass
41,95Metals35,51Tetra packs20,46Hazardous waste
Amount[kg/week]
Waste Type
Slide 3-1, Module G2
Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT
6.289,17
1.806,85
1.146,301.109,12
831,05
535,55
304,35326,85
131,18
41,9535,5120,46
Amount[kg/week]
Percentage [%]
Kitchen waste
Garden waste
Sum
Plastics
Residual waste
Material < 40 mm
FatPaper, cardboard
Glass
MetalsTetra packs
Hazardous waste
Waste Type
Slide 3-2, Module S2
Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT
Kitchen waste 28,8%
Paper, cardboard 5,2%
Hazardous waste 0,3%Tetra packs 0,6%
Metals 0,7%
Garden waste 18,2%
Plastics 17,6%
Residual waste 13,2%
Material < 40 mm 8,5%Fat 4,8%
Glass 2,1%
[Weight %]
100%
Slide 4, Module G2 and S3
Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT
3.
4.
5.
Slide 5, Module G2 and S3
Waste Composition and Disposal1. 2.
Formation and lifecycle of productsas well as
Recyclingclosed loop
ProductsPackaging
Slide 6, Module G4 and S4
Waste Prevention
1. Waste prevention
2. Waste recycling
3. Appropriate wastetreatment and disposal
Slide 7-1, Module G4 ans S4
Waste Prevention
Principles and possibilities for wasteprevention, respectively waste reduction:
• When shopping take your own bag (backpack, etc.) with you• Use reusable bottles in stead of plastic bottles
In the example of the canteen:[Bidlingmaier et al]
• It is recommended to usereusable crockery and cutlery
Slide 7-2, Module G4 and S4
Waste Prevention
1.2.
3.4.
• The tree absorbs nutrients fromthe soil for its own growth, fruitand leaves
• After some time the leaves fallonto the ground
• The „soil specialists“ transformthe leaves into crumbly and richin nutrients soil
• The roots absorb the nutrients,the tree grows new leaves,blossoms and fruit [Dohmann,1999].
Slide 8-1, Module G6
Basic Principles of Composting
Numerous organisms take part inthe composting process :
• Woodlice
• Earthworms
• Millipedes
• Flagellate
• Springtails (Collembola)
• Beetles
• Mites
• Bacteria
• Fungi
Slide 8-2, Module G6 and S5
Basic Principles of Composting
• The tree absorbs nutrients fromthe soil for its own growth, fruitand leaves
• After some time the leaves fallonto the ground
• The „soil specialists“ transformthe leaves into crumbly and richin nutrients soil
• The roots absorb the nutrients,the tree grows new leaves,blossoms and fruit [Dohmann,1999].
Slide 8-3, Module S5
Basic Principles ofComposting
• During the degradation of thecomposting material, the organismsgenerate heat, the temperature inthe compost rises
• After the degradation, thermophileorganisms e. g. fungi initiate humusdecay and the temperature falls
• The composting process ischaracterised by a certaintemperature course, see the figure[Bilitewski et al, 2000]
• This process is divided into threephases: Degradation phase,Modification phase and Compositionphase [Bilitewski, 2000]
Degradationphase
Modificationphase
Compositionphase
Slide 8-4, Module S5
Basic Principles of Composting
Container possibilities for your own composting
Slide 9-1, Module G6 and S5
Basic Principles of Composting
• Construct on grown soil, in order to obtain soil organisms in the compost
• Do not construct the compost site in pits and do not close it on all sides Decay danger!
• The compost should be a mix of diverse materials, such as wood pieces, leaves, etc.
• Reduce to small pieces all large material particles
• Mix very well the different materials with one another
• Create a lower level of 20 cm from coarse materials, such as shrub cuttings; afterwards applyfiner materials
• Waste, which attracts animals should be covered with soil
• Do not let the compost dry, as small organisms need moisture; do not wet it too much either, inorder to avoid lack of air
• Cover the ready compost with leaves, soil or straw, to keep the heat and protect it from drying
• After certain period of time (~ 6 months in Europe) shovel the compost, in order to loosen thematerial and to stir it again
Slide 9-2, Module G6 and S5
Basic Principles of Composting
Kitchen waste such astee and coffee grounds
Egg shells
Fruit rests
Food rests
Garden waste suchas leaves, straw
Vegetable rests
Flower rests
Slide 10, Module G6 and S5
Materials for Composting
Hold the paper against the light. Is ittranslucent or not?Compare your paper with others. Is it thick,medium or thin?
Touch the paper with your finger. Is thesurface rough, smooth or shiny?Is your paper recycled or is it made from newfibres?
Hold the paper with one end in water. Does itabsorb a lot or little water?
Blow at the paper. Is it permeable to air ornot?
Hold the paper at the corner and wave it.Does it rustle strongly, medium or slightly?
For what purpose can we use your paper?
What is the colour of your paper?
What is the name of your paper?
AnswerQualities
Slide 11, Module G7 and S6
Basic Knowledge of Paper
2,3 kg new wood
220 litres water !!!
7,4 kWh
1,1 kg old paper
20 litres water
0,8 kWh
1 kg new paper 1 kg recycled paper
Slide 12, Module S6
Production - New und Recycled Paper
Further utilisation possibilities for old paper:
• Use of the fibre qualities for producing silages, chipboard, etc.
• Use of the thermal qualities – incineration for energy production
• Use of the biodegradability qualities for composting and production of fertilizers and compost
The following types can be used for these examples:
• newspapers and books,
• catalogues and magazines,
• writing, copying and printing paper,
• cardboard and paper packagings
Slide 13, Module G7 and S6
New and Recycled Paper
approx. 325 kg paper per week at ACT
If all the paper is disposed at alandfill site, it will be theequivalent of :
~ 32.500 A4 pages / week !
The landfill will become biggerand bigger every day.
If the paper is collected andrecycled, raw materials such aswater will be economised andyou will have less waste!
Slide 14, Module G7 and S6
New and Recycled Paper
Slide 15-1, Module G8 and S7
How to make our own paper?
Slide 15-2, Module G8 and S7
How to make our own paper?
Cog wheals, pulp, wall dowels, electrical castingsPAPolyamide
Compact discs, bead mouldings, bottles, ampullaePCPolycarbonate
Disposable cups, glassy household articles,injection moulded parts, styrofoamPSPolystyrene
Films, window frames, pipes, cable isolationPVCPolyvinyl chloride
Technical parts, e.g. for motor vehiclesPPPolypropylene
Slide blaring, rollers, castings for spark plugsPBTPolybutyleneterephthalate
Wear resistant elements for fine mechanics,appliances castings, plastic filmsPETPolyethylene
terephthalate
Plastic films, moulded padding, bulk goodsPEPolyethylene
ApplicationChemicalformula
Abbr.Thermoplastics
Slide 16-1, Module S8
Background Knowledge of Plastics
Castables, foams, varnishPRPolyurethane
Binders for moulding materials, woodglue, varnishURUrea resin
Binders for moulding materials, woodglue, varnishMRMelamine resin
Electrical isolation materials, hardboard,cast & varnish resin, wood glue, car bodyparts
PRPhenolic resin
Varnish, cast resin, adhesivesEREpoxy resin
Cast resin, varnish, spacklePEPolyester
ApplicationChemical formulaAbbr.Thermosettingplastics
Slide 16-2, Module S8
Background Knowledge of Plastics
Conveyer belts, cable coatings,foam rubber, protectiveclothing
CRPolychloroprene
Car tires, linings, isolationmaterialsPBPolybutadiene
Car tiresSBRStyrene butadienerubber
Soft & hard rubber, hoses,gasketsNRNatural rubber
ApplicationChemical formulaAbbr.Rubbers
Slide 16-3, Module S8
Background Knowledge of Plastics
Genuine, slightlycontaminated plastic
cupsGenuine plastic bottles
Mixed and contaminatedplastic waste
Slide 17, Module S8
Recycling of Plastics
Description:
The plastics areincinerated in incinerationplants and utilised forenergy production.
Description:
The polymeric materialsare degraded into rawmaterials consisting ofsmall molecules, i. e. thelong-chain plastics aredecomposed in short-chainraw materials. By thischemical transformation,the cycle: raw materials-plastics-raw materials isclosed.
Description:
When melted the thermoplastics can be reused(transformed) for theproduction of otherproducts.
The melting takes place at150°C and 230°C.
IncinerationRaw materials recyclingBasic materialsrecycling
Slide 18-1, Module S8
Recycling of Plastics
Advantages:
Plastics have a high heatvalue.
Advantages:
No sorting and cleaning arenecessary. Acquisition ofhigh quality plastics.
Advantages:
Well utilisable in plasticprocessing companies, asthe waste is sorted outaccording to the type.
IncinerationRow materials recyclingBasic materials recycling
Slide 18-2, Module S8
Recycling of Plastics
IncinerationRow materials recyclingBasic materialsrecycling
Disadvantages:
It is sustainable only in thecases, which involve theapplication of energy-intensive methods for theseparation and sorting ofplastics waste.Hazardous substances aredischarged during theincineration process, whichcan be filtered but stillneed to be disposed.
Disadvantages:
High costs are required forenergy and equipment,which can be seldomjustifiable.Not all plastics can berecycled in this way.
Disadvantages:
Sorting and cleaning arenecessary for mixed waste.Eternal recycling is notpossible as the processreaches a point in which thematerial deteriorates.Production of low qualityproducts, which will have tobe disposed of at a landfillsite. Recycling, in order toproduce high qualityproducts, is currently noteconomically sustainable.
Slide 18-3, Module S8
Recycling of Plastics
-4.389,12Sum
0,801.806,85Kitchenwaste
0,111.146,30Gardenwaste
0,031.109,12Plastics
0,25326, 85Paper,cardboard
Volume[m³]
Thickness[mg/m³]
50 % ofthe amount
[kg]
Amount[kg/week]
WasteType
Slide 19, Module S9
Waste has a value!
These 50% recyclable materials add up to a volumeof 25,5 m³per week!
1,75 m
2,94 m
Somuch!
Slide 20, Module S9
Waste has a value!
769,83Sum
232,90Plastic cups
78,90Plastic bottles
326,85Paper, cardboard
131,18Glass
Baht / weekAmount
[kg/week]Waste Type
Slide 21, Module S9
Waste has a value!
Kitchen waste
Garden waste
Plastics
Residual waste
Material < 40 mm
Fat
Paper, cardboard
Glass
Metals
Tetra packs
Hazardous waste
……………Colour &Type
ContainerWaste TypeType
Slide 22, Module S9
Separate Waste Collection
Can we collect the following waste types separately?
GoodComposting
Bad Landfill plantGood
Recycling
YesNoYes
Paper Garden & Kitchen waste
GoodRecycling
Bad Landfill plantGood
Recycling
YesNoYes
Plastic cups Plastic bottles
Slide 23, ModuleS9
Separate Waste Collection
Wastefraction
Containertype
Diagram
Utilisation
Container colour Red Orange Blue Green Yellow
Plasticcup
Plasticbottle Paper
Foodwaste
Gardenwaste
Residualwaste
Recycling Recycling Recycling Compost LandfillPartiallyCompost
Cupcontainer
260 lcontainer
260 lcontainer
260 lcontainer
260 lContaineror metalboxes
Stainlesssteel260 lcontainer
Slide 24-1, Module S9
Separate Waste Collection at ACT
1.) Waste mixture 2.) Transportation
2.) Separate transportation1.) Separated waste
3.) Separation 4.) Limited recycling
3.) Recycling
Slide 24-2, Module S9
Separate Waste Collection