battle of midway
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BATTLE OF MIDWAY. EXTERIOR EXHIBITS VIDEO: CODE BREAKERS - KEY TO VICTORY. F1. F2. Still photo. F3. Still photo. YouTube : How Pearl Harbor was Attacked. The True Story (2:20) – Japanese planes dropping bombs – F1 (2:22) – Bombs/explosions – US battle ships – F2 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BATTLE OF MIDWAYEXTERIOR EXHIBITS VIDEO:
CODE BREAKERS - KEY TO VICTORY
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F3
In early 1942, following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States knew that the Imperial Japanese Navy was preparing to strike again. 1a
YouTube: How Pearl Harbor was Attacked. The True Story(2:20) – Japanese planes dropping bombs – F1(2:22) – Bombs/explosions – US battle ships – F2(2:39) – Ships on fire, black smoke – F3 (Add’l footage: 3:04-3:45)
F1 F2 Still photo
Still photo
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But what the U.S. Navy didn’t know was where…or when.
1b
YouTube: Pearl Harbor The View From Japan 1994:Footage of aftermath of PH attack – F4Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: (1:36-3:34) – burning/destroyed ships – F5
F4
F5
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That vital information was hidden in coded Japanese Naval message traffic. The code was made up of 33,000 words, phrases and letters expressed in strings of numbers. 2a
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (9:50) – Jap code with Jap characters – F6
F6
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Cracking the code would give the US a chance to strategically prepare for battle. Failure to break the code would spread the United States limited combat resources too thin, putting them at a strategic disadvantage. 2b
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (9:10) – Jap code over battle footage. Jap armed forces – F7
F7
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It was code breaking and traffic analysis that would become our best first line of defense. 2c
F7 Continued
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (9:10) – Jap code over battle footage. Jap armed forces – F7 Continued
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Inside a windowless basement room code named “HYPO,” located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a team of U.S. Navy code breakers worked to intercept, decipher and analyze the Japanese Naval Code they named “JN-25.” 3a
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Inside a windowless basement room code named “HYPO,” located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a team of U.S. Navy code breakers worked to intercept, decipher and analyze the Japanese Naval Code they named “JN-25.” 3b
JN-25
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They relied on their superior language and mathematical skills and used simple punch card tabulating machines and cipher machines in an attempt to break the Japanese code. 3c
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle(8:02 ) Footage of punch cards stacked and CU of one superimpose – F8(8:17) Punch cards stacked up/guy working – F9
F8 F9
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This team of highly dedicated individuals was under the direction of Commander Joseph J. Rochefort. 3d
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A brilliant linguist gifted in crypto analysis, Rochefort’s impeccable attention to detail had supplied accurate information about earlier Japanese battle plans - 4a
Still photo Still photo
Still photo
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- reports that convinced Admiral Chester Nimitz of the powerful value of Rochefort’s intelligence team. 4b
YouTube: Pearl Harbor the View from Japan 1994(28:50) – Nimitz & Rochefort working – F10(28:57) – Nimitz, Rochefort & team working (pull on still) – F11
F10 F11
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Rochefort and his team first unraveled the way the Japanese used their radio system.
5a
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Then, using their fluency in Japanese they identified commonly used language styles. Patterns emerged and were soon recognized. 5b
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Personnel assigned to Station HYPO often worked 36 hour shifts, deciphering hundreds of messages … 6a
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle
Footage of HYPO code breakers working -F12
Still photo
F12
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…selecting them from thousands transmitted by the Japanese each day, sorting through the clutter to find true kernels of intelligence. 6b
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle(7:47) – 2 guys working – pull – F13(7:54) – guys looking at punch cards – F14
F13 F14
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They finally experienced a breakthrough when they determined that the Japanese code group “AF” stood for two possible locations – the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, or Midway Island. 6c
“AF”
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Rochefort and his unit identified AF as Midway Island. Based on their previous successes, Admiral Nimitz had confidence in their report. 6d
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Yet Navy leaders in Washington were not convinced.
7a
Still photo: War Dept 1942 Still Photo: Washington leaders WWII
DVD: 360 Battle /History Channel: (7:32) – shot or radio tower turning *NOTE: could not grab a still off the DVD
-OR-
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To satisfy the doubters and validate his information, Rochefort developed a plan to send an un-coded message to see if the Japanese would intercept it and respond. 7b
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To satisfy the doubters and validate his information, Rochefort developed a plan to send an un-coded message to see if the Japanese would intercept it and respond. 7c
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To satisfy the doubters and validate his information, Rochefort developed a plan to send an un-coded message to see if the Japanese would intercept it and respond. 7d
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To satisfy the doubters and validate his information, Rochefort developed a plan to send an un-coded message to see if the Japanese would intercept it and respond. 7e
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To satisfy the doubters and validate his information, Rochefort developed a plan to send an un-coded message to see if the Japanese would intercept it and respond. 7f
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The message that “water supplies were running low on Midway Island,” was intercepted by the Japanese. They advised their commanders, “water supplies are low on ‘AF’.” 8a
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (13:45) – telegraph of low water supply/CU of message –
F15
F15
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The message that “water supplies were running low on Midway Island,” was intercepted by the Japanese. They advised their commanders, “water supplies are low on ‘AF’.” 8b
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (13:45) – telegraph of low water supply/CU of message –
F15
F15
“WATER SUPPLIES ARE RUNNING LOW ON MIDWAY ISLAND.”
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The message that “water supplies were running low on Midway Island,” was intercepted by the Japanese. They advised their commanders, “water supplies are low on ‘AF’.” 8c
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle (13:45) – telegraph of low water supply/CU of message –
F15
F15
“WATER SUPPLIES ARE RUNNING LOW ON MIDWAY ISLAND.”
“WATER SUPPLIES ARE RUNNING
LOW ON AF.”
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Intelligence confirmed! “AF” was the code for Midway. Soon, a battle strategy was in place to defend the Island. 9a
YouTube: Battle of Midway (Ford)(1:35) – US ships/boats docked at Midway – F16(2:00) – US Marines marching on Midway– F17
F16 F17
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Station HYPO also discovered the date code in JN-25, and later uncovered details on Japanese ships and aircraft assigned to attack Midway. 9b
F18 F19
YouTube: War in the Pacific, Coral Sea(6:22) – Naval radio guys (intercepting messages) – F19
YouTube: Admiral Yamamoto Documentary(1:28) Japanese radio / transmitter machine – F18
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HYPO used only select pieces of the code to keep the Japanese from knowing that the US was monitoring their transmissions. 10a
YouTube: War in the Pacific, Coral Sea(6:22) – Naval radio guys (intercepting messages) – F20
Vimeo: Codebreaking Victory: The Midway Battle – (12:50) – Capitan Holmes (HYPO personnel) – F21
F20 F21
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As a result, the Japanese never learned that their Midway code was deciphered until after the war. 10b
YouTube: Pearl Harbor the View from Japan 1994(18:04) – Yamamoto at desk – F22(15:44) – Japanese pilots on deck meeting – F23(:18) – Jap carrier deck with planes ready & flight crews – F24
F22 F23 F24
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Because of Commander Rochefort and his code breakers’ historic breakthrough, the US knew to prepare for an attack on Midway Island. 11
YouTube: Battle of Midway (Ford):(6:16) – Anti-aircraft guns on Midway – F25(7:16) – Damage/burning bldgs – F26(7:37) – US troops raising Am. flag – F27(7:56) – black smoke from burning bldgs – F28
F25 F26 F27 F28
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Winning the Battle of Midway kept Japan from advancing their conquest in the Pacific and shortened the war by more than a year. 12a
F29 F30 F31
YouTube: Battle of Midway (Ford):(6:09) – Anti-aircraft guns on Midway – F29(8:04) – WS burning buildings – F30(12:54) – Two US troops on Midway after attack – F31
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It was also a defining moment for code breaking, helping the US Navy to win the most strategic battle in the Second World War. 12b
Various stills as options