Vol. 42, No. 4 Published monthly by the Oklahoma Historical Society, serving since 1893 April 2011

Spring Encampment at Fort Gibson Historic SiteFort Gibson Historic Site will host the Spring Encampment (formerly known as Heritage Days) on Friday and Saturday, April 15 and 16.

The 2011 event will include military and civilian reenactors from the pre-Civil War, Civil War, and Indian Wars periods. Also planned forthis year are American Indian and African American portrayals. Visitors on Education Day, April 15, will get to see a military musician,blacksmith, cook, baker, carpenter, and a frontier explorer and scientist as well as soldiers guarding the frontier.

Saturday will see a “Day in the Life” presentation in the log fort where the garrison will carry out the daily routine of the frontier post. Thepost bake oven will be operating on Garrison Hill, and bread will be available for a donation to the Friends of Fort Gibson. Donations will beused to support activities that benefit the site. The museum and bookshop will also be open.

The event will run from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. The Spring Encampment is presented by the Oklahoma Historical Society, theFriends of Fort Gibson, and the Sixth Infantry Living History Association. Fort Gibson Historic Site is operated by the Oklahoma HistoricalSociety and is located on State Highway 80 in Fort Gibson. For more information call 918/478-4088 or e-mail fortgibson@okhistory.org.

Battle of Honey SpringsReenactment set for

April 29-May 1Hear the clarion bugle calls, the roar of cannon, the din of

volley fire from muskets, and the ring of saber clashes at theBattle of Honey Springs Reenactment during the weekend ofApril 29 through May 1. Over the weekend the historic battle-field will once again come to life as hundreds of reenactorsconverge on the site to fight the battle that was significant tothe Civil War in the West.

The original Battle of Honey Springs was fought in July1863 when the Federal forces of Major General James G.Blunt clashed into the advancing Confederate army of Briga-dier General Douglas Cooper. African American, American In-dian, and white soldiers fought this battle to decide the fate ofthe control of Indian Territory.

The reenactment of the Battle of Honey Springs is a sanc-tioned event of the Sesquicentennial Anniversary of the CivilWar, and many reenactors are expected to participate, includ-ing African American and American Indian troops as well assoldiers of the artillery and cavalry.

Speakers on Saturday will make presentations throughoutthe day on topics relating to the Civil War in Indian Territory.Vendors will also be set up and selling their wares includingperiod reproductions.

For more information on the reenactment weekend, contact918/473-5572 or honeysprings@okhistory.org. HoneySprings Battlefield is located just north of Checotah.

For more information on the Oklahoma Civil War Sesqui-centennial, visit www.okcivilwar.org.

The Oklahoma Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission willcommemorate the 150th anniversary of the American CivilWar from 2011 to 2015. The commission will focus on educa-tion, discussion, and preservation efforts to ensure history isremembered today and preserved for the future.

Family Saturday at History Center April 16The Oklahoma History Center will hold its monthly Family Saturday program on April 16

from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. The April program will be “Pioneer Day.”Admission to the History Center for Family Saturday is free for children accompanied by

a parent. Adults pay regular admission. If you have questions about this event, call405/522-0785 or email jharris@okhistory.org.

Oklahoma Historical SocietyMembership Office: Alma Moore

405/522-5242<ohsmembers@okhistory.org>

Mistletoe Leaves (USPS 018–315) is published monthly by the OklahomaHistorical Society, 800 Nazih Zuhdi Dr., Oklahoma City, OK 73105–7917. Pe-riodicals postage paid at Oklahoma City, OK. (ISSN 1932-0108)

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Mistletoe Leaves, 800 Nazih ZuhdiDr., Oklahoma City, OK 73105–7917.

By authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society’s Board of Directors,6,000 copies are prepared at a cost of $1,302.72 each month. The publicationis financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, UnitedStates Department of the Interior.

Contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of theOklahoma Historical Society or the United States Department of the Interior.Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendationby either organization.

Mistletoe Leaves is published for the members and friends of the Okla-homa Historical Society in partial fulfillment of the Society’s purpose to“preserve and perpetuate the history of Oklahoma and its people, to stimulatepopular interest in historical study and research, and to promote anddisseminate historical knowledge.”

The public and OHS members are encouraged to submit heritage-relateditems for publication. Students and teachers are invited to share studies andprograms and to duplicate contents as desired. Editors are welcome to reprintmaterials with credit.

All Oklahoma Historical Society facilities are for the education and enjoy-ment of all. State and federal regulations prohibit unlawful discrimination instate and federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, nationalorigin, and/or handicap.

Anyone denied benefits should contact the Executive Director of the Okla-homa Historical Society, 800 Nazih Zuhdi Dr., Oklahoma City, OK73105–7917, telephone 405/521-2491, and/or the Director, Office of EqualOpportunity, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, DC20240.

Streetcars are no longer just a subjectfor historical study at the Blackburnhousehold.

My wife, Debbie, is a member of a citizentask force appointed by Oklahoma CityMayor Mick Cornett to consider how andwhere to lay up to six miles of streetcartracks in downtown Oklahoma City. Herpassion for light rail, and the role it willplay in the city’s future, reminds me dailyhow important streetcars have been inOklahoma history.

The first streetcar tracks in the TwinTerritories were laid in Oklahoma City inlate 1902 and early 1903. The incentive forthat investment was not the revenue fromnickel fares; the motivation was the poten-tial profit in converting land on the edge ofthe city from agriculture to housingsubdivisions.

Anton Classen, an ‘89er who settled firstin Edmond, had been purchasing farm-land on the outskirts of Oklahoma Citysince 1898 when the population still hov-ered around six thousand people. The av-erage price he paid was $100 an acre.

Classen platted his first housing addi-tion in 1900, but it was too far from down-town, “out in the country” north of Thir-teenth Street. He sold only a few lots inwhat later would be called Heritage Hills.

Classen, side by side with his partner,John Shartel, won the coveted charter tobuild a streetcar system in Oklahoma City.They laid the first tracks east and west onMain Street and north on Broadway andWalker. Not surprisingly, it went to theedge of Classen’s new housing addition.Lots quickly sold for $1,000 and up.

For the next twenty-six years, every newhousing addition in Oklahoma City was lo-cated at the end of the rails. At its height ofuse, the Oklahoma City streetcar systemcarried 25,553,258 passengers in 1920.

Just as streetcars changed the face ofOklahoma City in 1902, automobiles andtrucks changed the course of history in the1920s. Ridership on streetcars declined ev-ery year but was revived somewhat by thehard times of the Great Depression andsustained during World War II by the ra-tioning of tires and gasoline.

The end of the streetcars was not duejust to declining ridership. It was the sepa-ration of real estate development from thesteel rails. In 1928 G. A. Nichols built hiscountry club addition not at the end of thetracks, but out in the country almost threemiles from the nearest development. Bythe 1940s and the great housing boom,streetcars were no longer part of the for-mula for making money in development.

From my perspective, the incentives forinvesting in a streetcar system are onceagain important. The impact on the innercity is easy to see, but there is also long-term importance for the suburbs throughcommuter rail.

Yes, streetcars are no longer just a sub-ject for historical study. They are part ofour future.

By Bob L. BlackburnExecutive Director

Director’sColumn

Development NewsBy Paul F. Lambert

It's Annual Meeting time! In March lettersof invitation with registration forms weremailed to all members of the OHS. If youhave not received this material or if you have any questions, please contact me at405/522-5217 or plambert@okhistory.org. This is going to be a special Annual Meetingwith more presentation sessions and special events than we have had in many years. A de-tailed listing of Annual Meeting events and presentation sessions is published in this issueof Mistletoe Leaves. In addition to the usual activities, we will have the Michael MartinMurphey Concert, the Historic Homes Tour, and a bus tour to Waynoka.

In addition, all dues-paying members of the OHS should have received our Board of Di-rectors Election mailing last month. Biographical information on the candidates, a ballot, aballot envelope, a return envelope, and instructions on how to proceed are included in themailing. Again, please contact me if you did not receive this mailing or if you have mis-placed it. Your participation in the selection of our directors is important to us.

Also important to us is your access to information on the OHS and its activities. In addi-tion to Mistletoe Leaves and OHS EXTRA! our website is a valuable resource for members.We now are working with OK.gov to overhaul our website to make it much more user-friendly. We are revamping our online store and making it easier to join or renew member-ship online as well as to make other donations or purchases. We will let you know whenthis process is completed. Meanwhile, please know that we appreciate your continuedinterest and support!

New Members, February 2011

*Indicates renewed membership at a higherlevel

Director’s Circle

Western Trail Historical Society, Altus

Fellow

*David Russell, Enid*Ann Drummond Woolley, Ada

Associate

*Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Drummond, Pawhuska*Dr. and Mrs. John Feaver, Chickasha

Friend

*Mr. and Mrs. Dale Absher, EdmondMr. and Mrs. Ike Bennett, Oklahoma City*Nelda Doyle, Edmond*Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Fallgatter, TulsaHerb Fritz, Tulsa*Dr. and Mrs. Perry Greene, Yukon*James Harrod, Edmond*Hilda Lewis, Oklahoma City*Lucille Massey, Granite*Al McLaughlin Jr. and Joan Gilmore, Oklahoma CityFrank Merrick, Oklahoma CityRobert Mitchell, Oklahoma City*Mr. and Mrs. Sid Patterson, Tulsa*John Robinson, Shawnee*Harvey Yost II, Stillwater

Family

Laura Allshouse, Oklahoma CityMary Athens, TulsaMaribeth Boettler, HenneseySteve Clapp, Del CityConnie Cline and Frank Dinkler, HennesseyMr. and Mrs. Billy Coleman, McLoud*Cynthia Cunningham, LawtonKeith Dodson, Altus*Robert Gilmore, Oklahoma CityMr. and Mrs. John Glasgow, AltusMr. and Mrs. Mickey Gunkel, Altus*Elizabeth Heiliger and Jim Dailey, StillwaterJohn Henry, Altus*Lee Holmes, Oklahoma City*Barbara Kinzer, JenksDr. and Mrs. Joe Leverett, Altus*Jewell Lynch, Oklahoma CityMr. and Mrs. Ted Oney, Oklahoma City*Ronald Paddack, Edmond*Dorothy Peck, Lancaster, PAMr. and Mrs. Jim Redding, AltusMr. and Mrs. James Redwine, New Harmony, IN*Dee Replogle, Nichols HillsRoberta Roads, EdmondMr. and Mrs. Johnny Roberts, Altus*Robert Rorschach, TulsaJackie Shaver, Oklahoma CityMr. and Mrs. Robert Skinner, Altus

cont'd. on page 6

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MeetingsThe Oklahoma Genealogical Society(OGS) will hold its monthly meeting onMonday, April 4, at 6 p.m. NonaThompson, past president of theOklahoma Genealogical Society andmember of the First Families of theTwin Territories, will present a lectureon “Collecting Your Medical Heritage.”In her presentation, Thompson will givetips for charting the medical informa-tion collected in genealogical research,including such conditions as heart dis-ease, diabetes, depression, cancer, andalcoholism. She will also talk about thevalue of verifying family oral historywith death certificates to collect infor-mation for your medical pedigree. TheOGS meets in the Chesapeake EventCenter of the Oklahoma History Centerin Oklahoma City.

WorkshopHistoric Mount Vernon is proud to an-nounce the extension of its highly suc-cessful Oklahoma George WashingtonTeaching Ambassador program. As a partof this program, it will offer a free work-shop entitled “George Washington’sTrunk—Full of Revolutionary Ideas” toOklahoma teachers on Saturday, April16, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. at theOklahoma History Center in OklahomaCity. The hands-on workshop will showteachers new, innovative ways to teachthe Revolutionary War through GeorgeWashington. The workshop will also bethe premiere of one of the George Wash-ington history trunks, which includes amilitary uniform and equipment for stu-dents to explore. The Teaching Ambassa-dor program also offers an onlinementoring program through theOklahoma Foundation for Excellence. Formore information on the workshop or toregister, please contact Jan McClaren atjmclaren@mountvernon.org.

ExhibitTulsa’s Gilcrease Museum has launcheda major exhibition celebrating the endur-ing spirit of western women entitledHome Lands: How Women Made the West.The exhibit was organized by the AutryNational Center in Los Angeles and wascurated by Carolyn Brucken, associatecurator of women’s history at the Autry,and Virginia Scharff, Women of the WestChair at the Institute for the Study of the

American West at the Autry. Home Landsfocuses on three regions: northern NewMexico, the Colorado Front Range, andPuget Sound. It shows the cultural diver-sity of the West, the environment’s impacton the lives of women, and the wayswomen have shaped their environments.The stories of American Indian womenare told to illustrate these points. Itemsfeatured in the exhibit include textilesand clothing, pottery, paintings, photog-raphy, sculpture, books, and otherephemera. The exhibit runs now throughMay 15. Contact 918/596-2700 for moreinformation.

EventsThe Apache Rattlesnake Festival will beheld Thursday through Sunday, April 14to April 17, from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. eachday. Visitors can get up close and per-sonal with rattlesnakes during guidedsnake hunts that begin at 10 a.m. eachmorning. If you prefer to remain a bitmore removed from danger, you can alsoview the snakes from behind glass or eatrattlesnake meat as a tasty treat. Prizeswill be awarded for the most and the larg-est rattlesnakes captured. There will be acarnival area for the kids and flea marketshopping for the more faint-hearted. TheApache Rattlesnake Festival has been atradition for more than twenty-five yearsand also includes live music and an an-nual powwow following. Call Ron Orf at580/588-2880 or 580/588-3440 formore information.

Remember using sidewalk chalk on yourparents’ driveway? Come to Chickasha tosee it elevated to an artform. The annualMontmartre Sidewalk Chalk Art Festivalon April 7 features artists of all ages cre-ating art on the sidewalks of the city.Artists have a six-foot by six-foot squareof pavement in which to create their origi-nal artwork. Up to four artists may col-laborate on one work, using onlywaterbased, temporary chalk. Registra-tion for the festival begins at 7:30 a.m.and judging begins at noon. Cash awardswill be presented at 1:30 p.m. Live musicand vendors will also be on hand for theevent. For details, please contactJacquelyn Knapp at 405/574-1303 or405/574-1302.

Honor Heights Park in Muskogee is hometo the annual Azalea Festival during themonth of April. Visitors to the forty acrepark drive along paved roadways throughmore than thirty thousand blooming aza-leas of more than 625 varieties. Enjoy a

walk along one of the park's five lakes,through its butterfly sanctuary, or its ar-boretum. The park will hold a Party in thePark Wine and Food Tasting on April 16from 2:30 to 6:30 p.m. Local Oklahomawines and food vendors will be featured, alive jazz band will be on hand, and art-work from the Muskogee Art Guild will bedisplayed. For more information, pleasecall 918/684-6302.

TourTrace Civil War history in what was IndianTerritory on the Cherokee Civil War His-tory Tour, presented by the Cherokee Na-tion tourism office. The tour begins inTahlequah at the historic Capitol Squarewith tales of Confederate Brigadier Gen-eral Stand Watie’s march through townand the burning of Cherokee buildings.Guests will then visit the Murrell Home inPark Hill, the only remaining antebellumplantation house in Oklahoma. After avisit at the plantation, the bus will proceedto Fort Gibson Historic Site to learn aboutthe Civil War history of the fort. The finalstop will be a visit to the Honey SpringsBattle Field Site near Checotah, the loca-tion of the largest battle in Indian Terri-tory, where the Union defeated the Con-federate forces. Reenactors will be onhand to depict scenes from events. Visitwww.cherokeenationtravel.com for moreinformation.

ContestDo you have a historically important, hu-morous, or just interesting family story?You can share it and win with theOklahoma Genealogical Society’s FamilyHistory Writing Contest. The contestgives researchers the opportunity to com-municate these stories of immigration,struggle, love, or other family events notonly to the judges but also to preservethem for their families. There is no entryfee for the competition, and membershipin the OGS is not required. To be eligible,the story should have some connection toOklahoma, either through the author’sresidence or the story itself. Both anadult and a student division are availablefor entries. The deadline for submissionsis April 30, 2011. For complete rules,prizes, and submission details, pleasevisit www.okgensoc.org.

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Oklahoma Historical Society

2011 Annual Meeting

Enid, Oklahoma

General Information

The 2011 Annual Meeting will be held on April27, 28, and 29 in Enid, Oklahoma, at the Chero-kee Strip Conference Center, 123 West MaineAvenue.

Arrangements have been made by the OHS An-nual Meeting Committee consisting of BobKlemme (Chair), Deena Fisher, PatriciaLoughlin, Samonia Meredith, and Jan Vassar.The committee was assisted by OHS staff mem-bers Paul F. Lambert (Annual Meeting Coordina-tor), Bob Blackburn, Elizabeth Bass, ShellyCrynes, Geneva Little, Alma Moore, and TimZwink.

Lodging

Three hotels in Enid have been selected as OHSconvention hotels: the Baymont Inn and Suites,Comfort Inn Midwestern Square, and HolidayInn Express. When calling one of these hotels tomake a reservation, please tell them you are at-tending the OHS Annual Meeting in order to re-ceive the room rates noted below.

The rate at the Baymont Inn and Suites will be$72. The rooms will be held until March 30. TheBaymont is located at 3614 West Owen K.Garriott. Reservations may be made by calling800/992-2694 or 580/234-6800.

The rate at the Comfort Inn Midwestern Squarewill be $89.95. Rooms will be held until April 6.Located at 210 North Van Buren, reservationsmay be made by calling 800/424-6423 or580/234-1200.

Rooms at the Holiday Inn Express, located at4702 West Owen K. Garriott, will be available at$103. Rooms will be held until April 6. Reserva-tions may be made by calling 800/345-6082 or580/237-7722.

Rooms likely will be available after the datesspecified but perhaps not for the rates quoted.Also, there are numerous other lodging optionsavailable in Enid.

Registration

A letter of invitation with registration form hasbeen mailed to all members of the Society. Pleasecomplete it and return it to the address shownon the form as soon as possible. Printed pro-grams and name tags with colored dots for eachof the events that individuals register to attendwill be available beginning at 1 p.m., Wednes-day, April 27, in the lobby of the Cherokee StripConference Center.

Early registration is encouraged as space limita-tions will limit the size of the audiences for cer-tain events. The pre-registration deadline isApril 21. The registration fee $15 for OHS mem-bers and $20 for non-members. The registrationfee is required regardless of the number of eventsyou are planning to attend. No refunds will bemade after April 21.

Reception

On Wednesday evening, April 27, a reception forregistered individuals will be held from 5 to 7p.m. at the Cherokee Strip Regional HeritageCenter at 507 South 4th Street in Enid. Light horsd’oeuvres will be served. The new facility, sched-uled to open April 1, was made possible by thedonation of more than $9 million by more than500 donors. The cost of the reception is $8.

Presentation Sessions

Thirteen presentation sessions are scheduled for8:45 a.m. to noon on both Thursday, April 28,and Friday, April 29. Presentation topics andspeakers are listed below. There is no charge toattend these sessions for those who have regis-tered for the Annual Meeting.

Exhibit Area

On Thursday and Friday an exhibitors’ area willbe located in the lobby of the Cherokee StripConference Center.

Coffee Breaks

Coffee and water will be available in the lobby ofthe Cherokee Strip Conference Center on Thurs-day and Friday beginning at 8 a.m.

Annual Membership Luncheon

At 12:15 p.m. on Thursday, April 27, membersand guests will gather in the Cattleman’s Roomof the Cherokee Strip Conference Center. Thefeatured speaker will by Mike Klemme of Enid,an internationally renowned photographer whowill conduct a visual tour of western Oklahoma.The cost of the luncheon is $15.

Annual Membership Meeting

After the luncheon at approximately 2:15 p.m.members will remain in the Cattleman’s Roomfor the Annual Meeting of the Membership. OHSPresident James Waldo will speak on the state ofthe Society, followed by the announcement andswearing in of new board members.

Waverley Historic NeighborhoodHomes Tour

Beginning at 3:30 p.m. on Thursday, April 28, allwho register and present their name tags will beable to tour the first-floor foyers, parlors, anddining rooms of six homes in the Waverley His-toric District. More details about the tour will beannounced later. The tour is free of charge forregistrants with name tags.

Enid’s Historic Downtown Square

Individuals also may walk around Enid’s historicdowntown square. Historical markers presentthe stories of many of the historic building in thedistrict.

Michael Martin Murphey Concert

A highlight of the Annual Meeting will be a con-cert by recording artist Michael Martin Murphey.The concert will be held at the Briggs Auditoriumon the campus of Northern Oklahoma College inEnid at 7 p.m. on Thursday, April 28.

Staged by the OHS to thank the donors whomade possible the creation of the new CherokeeStrip Regional Heritage Center in Enid, the con-cert is an invitation only event. Those donorsand their families will be provided concert tick-ets.

In addition, OHS members who register to attendthe Annual Meeting will be invited. There will beno charge for the concert, but individuals musthave a ticket to attend. Annual Meeting present-ers, session moderators, OHS employees, andvolunteers who work at the Annual Meeting alsowill be invited to the concert.

Murphey is the best-selling singer/songwriter ofAmerican cowboy music who also has enjoyedsuccess as a singer/songwriter in the pop andcountry-western fields. Murphey is consideredto be the world’s most prominent musical repre-sentative of the western horseman, the horserancher, cattle rancher, and cowboy.

Annual Awards Luncheon

The Annual Awards Luncheon on Friday, April29, will begin at 12:15 p.m. in the Cattleman’sRoom of the Cherokee Strip Conference Center.Presentations will include the Muriel H. WrightAward; Joseph B. Thoburn Award; William D.Pennington Award; Outstanding Historical Soci-ety/Museum; Outstanding OHS Support Group;awards for the best book, dissertation, and the-sis on Oklahoma history; and the Oklahoma His-torians Hall of Fame. The price of the luncheon is$18.

Bus Tour to Waynoka

A bus tour to Waynoka, conducted by SandieOlsen and Paul Lambert, will depart the Chero-kee Strip Conference at 2:15 p.m. The group willtravel through the scenic Glass Mountains toWaynoka where they will enjoy the historic raildepot, Harvey House, and other facilities once in-volved in transcontinental air travel. The cost ofthe tour is $24.

Winds of Change:Life on the Southern

Plains

Registration

Cherokee Strip Conference Center

1:00 pm – 5:00 pm

Reception

Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center

5:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.

Registration

Cherokee Strip Conference Center

8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.

Program Sessions

Cherokee Strip Conference Center

8:45 a.m. – 10:15 a.m.

Session 1 – Chisholm Trail RoomPlains Indian Cultures

Moderator – Ron McCoy, Professor of History,Oklahoma State University, Stillwater“Testing the Limits of Tradition: Female FancyFeather Dancers on the Southern Plains,1940-2010,” Clyde Ellis, Professor of History,Elon University, Elon, North Carolina“The Daughter of Dawn and the Tipi with BattlePictures,” Matt Reed, Curator of American IndianCollections, Oklahoma Historical Society,Oklahoma City

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, 2011

THURSDAY, APRIL 29, 2011

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Session 2 – Cimarron RoomExplorers and Pathfinders

Moderator – Alvin O. Turner, Norman; EmeritusDean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences,East Central University, Ada“On the Trail of Washington Irving,” Jon Dresser,Retired employee, American Airlines TechnicalServices Division, Norman“Crossed Over the Range: Freighting on the SantaFe Trail,” Michael J. Hightower, Consultant,Oklahoma Bank History Project, Oklahoma His-torical Society, Oklahoma City

Session 3 – Springs RoomOpen Country: Droughts, Land Rush, and Pio-

neers of the Oklahoma and Texas PlainsModerator – Bruce Glasrud, President, WestTexas Historical Association, Seguin, Texas“The Opening of Oklahoma: A Family Story,” Rob-ert J. Hall, Emeritus Vice President for Finance,Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas“Boomer Bust: Boosterism and the SouthernPlains Drought of 1885-1887,” Kevin Sweeney,Associate Professor of History, Wayland BaptistUniversity, Plainview, Texas“People of the Wind: The Transformative Effect ofWind Energy Technology and Rangeland Econo-mies on the Southern Plains,” Leland Turner, As-sistant Professor of History and Geography,Southwestern Oklahoma State University,Weatherford

Session 4: Prairie/Buckskin RoomCherokee and Choctaw History and Culture

Moderator – Karen Whitecotton, Curator of Col-lections, Oklahoma Historical Society, OklahomaCity“Rebuilding an Indian Nation Twice, 1839-44 and1866,” Tabitha Toney, Education Curator,Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City“Cherokee Double Walled Basketry,” Renee Hoo-ver, Cherokee Artist, Enid“Snake Indians and Orphans: TheNarchubby/Archibald Family and Allotment,”Kenny L. Brown, Professor of History, Universityof Central Oklahoma, Edmond

10:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.

Session 5 – Harvest Room,Exhibit Hall

Plenary Session: Collecting, Preserving, andSharing the Heritage of the Cherokee Strip

RegionModerator – James R. Waldo, President,Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City“The Cherokee Outlet: A Remarkable Heritage,”Bob Klemme, Director, Oklahoma Historical So-ciety, Enid“Creating the Cherokee Strip Regional HeritageCenter,” Kathy Dickson, Director, Museums andSites Division, Oklahoma Historical Society,Oklahoma City“People and Pride: Community Support for theOriginal Museum and the New Cherokee StripRegional Heritage Center,” Andi Holland, Direc-tor, Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center,Enid

Annual Membership Luncheon

Cattleman’s Room, Exhibit Hall

12:15 p.m.

Annual Membership Business Meeting

Cattleman’s Room, Exhibit Hall

2:15 p.m.

Reorganizational Board Meeting

Cattleman’s Room, Exhibit Hall

2:45 p.m.

Tour Homes in Waverley HistoricDistrict or explore Enid’s

downtown square3:30 pm – 5:30 p.m.

Michael Martin Murphey Concert

Briggs Auditorium, 2428 E. Maine, Enid

7:00 p.m.

Registration

Cherokee Strip Conference Center

8:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.

Program Sessions

Cherokee Strip Conference Center

8:45 am – 10:15 am

Session 6 – Prairie/Buckskin RoomCivil War Part 1

Moderator – Ralph Jones, Retired Site Supervisor,Honey Springs Battlefield Historic Site, Checotah“Confederate Diplomatic Relations with the FiveTribes,” Mark Lea “Beau” Cantrell – Attorney andIndependent Historian, El Reno“Red Earth Courage: The Incredible True Story ofthe First Secret Mission of the Civil War,” WadeBurleson, Senior Pastor, Emmanuel BaptistChurch, Enid

Session 7 – Cimarron RoomFarming and Ranching on the Southern Plains

Moderator – Eric J. Schmaltz, Associate Professorof History, Northwestern Oklahoma State Univer-sity, Alva“Winds of Change: The Centennial Farm andRanch Program and the Transformation ofOklahoma Agriculture,” Glen Roberson, Coordi-nator, Certified Local Governments Program, Pre-serve America Program, Centennial Farm andRanch Program, Oklahoma Historical Society,Oklahoma City“For the Love of the Prairie: A Selman Family Leg-acy,” Sue Selman, Owner, Selman Ranch Hunt-ing Lodge and Preserve, Buffalo“Extreme Necessity: Cotton Farmers and the Ag-ricultural Adjustment Act of 1938,” Amanda B.Biles, Master’s Degree Candidate, Department ofHistory and Geography, University of CentralOklahoma, Edmond

Session 8 – Springs Room“Showbiz” and Culture

Moderator – Patti Loughlin, Professor of History,University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond“Oklahoma’s Image: The Influence of Wild WestShows, Colorful Characters, and Silent Movies,”Warren Rieger, Professor, Department of History,Humanities & Government, Oral RobertsUniversity, Tulsa“The Legacy Lives On: The Pawnee Bill Ranch,”Alcye Vigil, Undergraduate Student, Departmentof History and Geography, University of CentralOklahoma, Edmond

Session 9 – Chisholm Trail RoomPlains Institutions

Moderator – Deena Fisher, Director, OklahomaHistorical Society, Woodward“The Carmen IOOF Home,” Dr. Joyce Bender,Professor, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univer-sity, Enid“Waynoka’s Harvey House: Jewel of the Plains,”Sandra Olson, President, Waynoka Historical So-ciety, Waynoka“Bringing Classical Music to Enid: A History ofthe Enid Symphony Orchestra,” Douglas Newell,Musical Director, Enid Symphony Orchestra,Enid

10:30 am – noon

Session 10 – Prairie-Buckskin RoomPrairie Civil War, Part 2

Moderator – Ralph Jones, Retired Site Supervisor,Honey Springs Battlefield Historic Site, Checotah“Confederate Diplomatic Relations with thePlains Tribes,” Mark Lea “Beau” Cantrell, Attor-ney and Independent Historian, El Reno“Forgotten Sentinel: Camp Nichols, Oklahoma’sOutpost on the Santa Fe Trail, June-September1865,” Amanda Hudson, Special CollectionsManager, Department of Libraries, Archives andCollections, Chickasaw Nation, Ada

Session 11 – Chisholm Trail RoomOil and Gas Entrepreneurs

Moderator – Bob L. Blackburn, Executive Direc-tor, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City“The Story of Continental Resources,” HaroldHamm, Chairman and CEO, Continental Re-sources, Enid“The Groendyke Transport Story,” JohnGroendyke, Owner and CEO, Groendyke Trans-port, Inc., Enid

Session 12 – Springs RoomDiverse Influences

Moderator – Shirley Nero, Director, OklahomaHistorical Society, Warner“Oklahoma’s African American Rodeo Perform-ers,” Roger Hardaway, Professor of History,Northwestern Oklahoma State University, Alva“Oklahoma City’s James E. ‘Jimmy’ Stewart:Twentieth Century Race Progress in the SoonerState and Beyond,” Stacy M. Reikowsky, Master’sDegree Candidate, Department of History andGeography, University of Central Oklahoma,Edmond“The Latino Impress in Tulsa,” by Jeffrey M. Wid-ener, Ph.D. Degree Candidate, Department of Ge-ography, University of Oklahoma, Norman

Session 13– Cimarron RoomPlains Pioneers in Law and Literature

Moderator – Bill Corbett, Director, Oklahoma His-torical Society, Tahlequah“Jack Stillwell: Frontier Scout, Hunter, Lawman,Judge,” Clint Chambers, Board Member and PastPresident, West Texas Historical Association,Lubbock, Texas“Enid’s Own Marquis James: From Tramp Re-porter to Pulitzer Prize Winner,” Paul S. Vickery,Professor, Department of History, Oral RobertsUniversity, Tulsa

Annual Awards Luncheon

Cattleman’s Room, Exhibit Hall

12:15 p.m.

Bus Tour to Waynoka

departs from Cherokee StripConference Center

2:15 p.m.

FRIDAY, APRIL 30, 2011

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SHPO to hold May 2011 preservation workshops in GuthrieThe Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office has announced its May workshop se-

ries. The sessions will be held May 4-6 in the Red Bud Room of the Elks Hotel (connected tothe Victor Building) at 208 W. Harrison in Guthrie. The workshops are free and open to thepublic, but registration should be made by 5 p.m., Wednesday, April 27. Space is limitedand will be available on a first-come basis. To register, contact Betty Harris at405/521-6249 or bharris@okhistory.org. Online registration is available atwww.okhistory.org/shpo/workshops.php.

Registered architects who attend these workshops can qualify for American Institute ofArchitects Continuing Education System (AIA/CES) learning units. Simply register for theworkshop(s). After the workshops, self-report attendance at www.aia.org/education/in-dex.htm. The SHPO will provide written learning objectives and a certificate of attendancethe week of May 9.

May 4 (9:30a.m. - 12:00 noon). The Section 106 Review Process: Introduction andOverview

Provides the basics about Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and howthe process works in Oklahoma. Specific topics include who is responsible for Section 106compliance, when does Section 106 apply, what is the State Historic Preservation Office’srole in the process, what other agencies are involved, what is a historic property, and whathappens when a project will affect a historic property. Designed as a stand-alone sessionand as a companion to the Determination of Eligibility under Section 106 workshop. Partic-ipants should also consider attending The Secretary’s Standards and Guidelines forRehabilitating Historic Buildings workshop.

May 4 (1:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.) - Determination of Eligibility under Section 106How to document standing structures for the State Historic Preservation Office’s review.

Discusses the National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation, completing theHistoric Preservation Resource Identification Form, photograph requirements, determina-tion of eligibility, resolving differences of opinion about eligibility, and using consultants inpreparing documentation. Designed as a stand-alone workshop or as a companion to TheSection 106 Review Process: Introduction and Overview workshop. Participants shouldalso consider attending The Secretary’s Standards and Guidelines for RehabilitatingHistoric Buildings workshop.

May 5 (9:30a.m. - 4:30 p.m.) - Working with the National Register of Historic PlacesProvides detailed information about the National Register criteria, what listing means,

the rights of property owners in the nomination process, tips for preparing successful nom-inations, and much more. The National Register is the foundation of the SHPO’s programs,and a basic understanding of the register is essential for those involved in historic preser-vation at all levels of government and in the private sector.

May 6 (9:30 a.m. -12:00 noon) - Federal and State Tax Incentives for RehabilitatingHistoric Buildings

Discusses federal and state investment tax credits for certified rehabilitation of a certifiedhistoric structure. A detailed discussion of the Historic Preservation Certification Applica-tion, Parts 1, 2, and 3 will guide owners and developers in successfully preparing the infor-mation needed for the State Historic Preservation Office to review the project and for theNational Park Service to certify it. Designed as a stand-alone workshop or as a companionto the Secretary’s Standards and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildingsworkshop.

May 6 (1:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.) – The Secretary’s Standards and Guidelines for Reha-bilitating Historic Buildings

Features a thorough discussion of the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelinesfor Rehabilitation. Generally referred to as The Standards, these commonsense principles arewidely used in the historic preservation field. Whether you are involved in a rehabilitation pro-ject for the 20 percent federal and 20 percent state tax credits, planning a rehabilitation projectfunded with federal assistance, serving on a local historic preservation commission, or justwanting to know the best approach to rehabilitate your historic private home, participants willfind this session invaluable. Designed as a stand-alone workshop and as a companion to Fed-eral and State Tax Incentives for Rehabilitation workshop.

For additional information, contact Melvena Heisch, deputy SHPO, at 405/522-4484 ormheisch@okhistory.org.

Pinhole camera class at History CenterJoin us at the Oklahoma History Center for an exciting look at photography through

pinhole cameras on Saturday, May 7, from 1 to 4 p.m. Each participant will have the op-portunity to build a pinhole camera. The class will include instruction on constructingthe cameras and their use. The class members then will venture out and try creatingtheir own photos.

All class materials are provided. Registration is required, and participation is limited toadults and teens with an accompanying adult. The cost for the class is $35. For more infor-mation or to register, contact Jason Harris at jharris@okhistory.com or 405/522-0785.

New Members, cont'd. from page 2

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Smith, Altus*Laura Waters, Mountain Home, ARMary Whittington, Oklahoma CityPhillip and Shirlene Wiley, AltusMr. and Mrs. Scott Wilmes, Altus

Individual

Judy Angely, Pittsburg, PAJoy Avery, TulsaNathaniel Batchelder, Oklahoma CityWacingue A.K. BeMende, Columbus, OHJames Foliart, Oklahoma CityG.H. Hise, SayreLaurence Pinkerton, TulsaGrayson Schuering, ChecotahCurlonda Simms, Midwest CityConstance Smiley, Oklahoma CityAmy Sparks, PryorDan Vinyard, BartlesvilleKerry Weaver, El RenoDennis Wiedman, Miami, FL

Sod House Museum to featureCimarron River program

The Sod House Museum will feature aprogram about the Cimarron River onSaturday, April 16, at 10 a.m. ProfessorKathleen O’Halleran of NorthwesternOklahoma State University (NWOSU)will give a presentation entitled “TheCimarron—A River’s Journey.” Join Pro-fessor O’Halleran in an exploration ofthis unique, dynamic, and living symbolof our culture and our land.

The iconic Cimarron River, from its pre-historic beginnings through the churningand tumultuous settlement of the Westand beyond, has had a dramatic impact onits environment over the years. As Profes-sor O’Halleran explains, “the Cimarronprovides a unifying and striking symbolthat personifies this region and its people.”

Professor O’Halleran is in her fourthyear of teaching at NWOSU in Alva. Prior tothat she served as an adjunct faculty mem-ber in the History Department at CameronUniversity in Lawton. She has also taughtat Comanche Nation College and at FortSill, both in Lawton. In addition to servingas NWOSU’s social sciences secondary ed-ucation program director and full-time in-structor of geography, political science,and sociology, O’Halleran’s has a scholarlybackground that includes research on thehistory and environment of the West.

The Sod House Museum is located southof Aline on State Highway 8 and is operatedby the Oklahoma Historical Society. Thesite is open Tuesday through Saturday 9a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission for adults is $4and for students is $2. For more informa-tion, call Renee Mitchell at 580/463-2441or email the Sod House museum atsodhouse@okhistory.org.

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Writers Workshop at Oklahoma History Center on May 8The Oklahoma Historical Society and the History Matters Foundation will sponsor a

Writers Workshop at the Oklahoma History Center on Sunday, May 8, from 1:30 to 5:30p.m. The workshop, “Lessons from a Best Seller,” will feature New York Times best-sellingauthor Steve Berry.

Berry will instruct participants on the craft of writing, including story structure, effectivedialogue, point of view, and other important rules of writing. The workshop is structuredinto three, fifty-minute sessions. A question and answer session concludes the class.

Steve Berry is author of The Emperor’s Tomb, The Balkan Escape, The Paris Vendetta,and many more. He has more than eleven million books in print, which have been trans-lated into thirty-seven languages and have been sold in fifty countries.

During his writing career, Berry has received many rejection letters, so he understandsboth the dismay of failure and the excitement of success. He is skilled at sharing his experi-ences and has taught writing concepts to audiences around the world.

A registration fee is required for participation. The Early Bird registration fee of $85 endsMarch 31. The registration fee becomes $100 on April 1. Walk-in registration the day of theevent will be accepted as space permits.

To register, send registration fee to the Oklahoma History Center Gift Shop, 800 NazihZuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, or call 405/522-5214 to register and pay withcredit card.

All proceeds from the workshop go to benefit the Oklahoma History Center.For more information about the workshop, contact Paul Lambert at 405/522-5217 or

plambert@okhistory.org.

Twenty-year Members Renew inFebruary

Listed below, with the date they joinedthe OHS, are people and organizationsthat, when they renewed their member-ships in February, have been memberstwenty or more years. Their long-termloyalty is most sincerely appreciated!

James and Betty Kemm, Tulsa, February 1, 1963Leo Demmer, Union City, February 1, 1969Jerry Anduss, Piedmont, February 17, 1970Barbara Kinzer, Jenks, January 1, 1971Bill Settle, Muskogee, February 1, 1973Jere Roberson, Edmond, January 2, 1974Shirley Rider, Adair, February 1, 1974East Texas Baptist University Library, Marshall, TX, Decem-ber 1, 1974Kenny and Diane Brown, Edmond, May 1, 1976Marjorie Breidenbach, Broken Arrow, December 1, 1976Harvey Yost II, Stillwater, February 1, 1977Phil and Gayle Roberts, Edmond, February 1, 1977Broken Bow Public Library, Broken Bow, March 1, 1978Stigler Public Library, Stigler, June 1, 1979Allen and Linda Hicks, Kenefic, May 1, 1980Floyd Stephens Jr., Bixby, January 2, 1981George Pendleton Jr., Dallas, TX, January 2, 1981

Buckley Public Library, Poteau, April 1, 1981Richard Mullins, Edmond, January 2, 1982Blaine Shaffer, Omaha, NE, February 1, 1983Rolland Haun, Saint Louis, MO, January 1, 1984Timothy Palmieri, Aliquippa, PA, January 2, 1984David Stevens, Noble, January 2, 1984Robert and Mary Brown, Burneyville, February 1, 1984University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, March 1, 1984Bonnie Bolding, Midwest City, OK January 18, 1985Frank and Loreece Dennis, Oklahoma City, February 1, 1985Peter Rollins, Stillwater, November 1, 1985Idabel Public Libraries, Idabel, December 1, 1985David Kelsay, Meeker, August 25, 1986Harold and Ann Sinclair, Oklahoma City, October 6, 1986Eastern Oklahoma State College, Wilburton, October 6, 1986K.A. Klopfenstein, Fort Smith, AR, December 9, 1986J.L. Fletcher, Imanole Uribe 6, Spain, January 5, 1987James Mohon, Norman, January 20, 1987Sapulpa Historical Society, Sapulpa, January 21, 1987Kenneth and Corie Delashaw, Marietta, November 3, 1987Carol King, Waynoka, December 2, 1987John Heisch, Oklahoma City, January 31, 1989Amy Sparks, Pryor, February 6, 1989Hartshorne Public Library, Hartshorne, March 6, 1989Southern Prairie Library System, Altus, October 16, 1989Ann Lemert, Cedar Vale, KS, December 4, 1989Linda Horn, Edmond, January 2, 1990Dick and Teri Shifrin, Oklahoma City, February 20, 1991Tina Parsons, Ft. Worth, TX, February 26, 1991

Tangible History series at Frank Phillips HomeHave you ever looked at an old item and wondered about its history? Over the next few

months the Frank Phillips Home and the Nellie Johnstone Questers will welcome the gen-eral public and other Questers to attend presentations of Tangible History. These pro-grams will focus on the history of clothing, toys, household, or decorative items and onhow they were created or used.

The Nellie Johnstone Questers embody the excitement of searching for that perfecttreasure, the love of learning about antiques, the interest in history, and the joy of workingon preservation and restoration projects. They take special pride in aiding in the educa-tion of preservationists and conservators who will professionally care for our history, arti-facts, and sites. The goals of this organization are to educate by research and study of an-tiques and to donate funds to the preservation and restoration of artifacts, existing memo-rials, historic buildings, landmarks, and educational purposes.

The first Tangible History presentation is scheduled for Friday, April 22, from 12:10 to1:00 p.m. and will focus on antique pincushions and buttons. Barbara Williams is thepresenter. Subsequent presentations include:

June 24 – “Aunt Helen’s Pressed Glass,” Presenter: Mary Alice SigmonJuly 22 – “Antique Dolls,” Presenter: Martha RayAugust 26 – “Courting Objects and Customs of the 1800s,” Presenter: Martha RayOctober 21 – “In Mourning: Customs and Objects of the mid-1800s,” Presenter: Martha

RayFor more information about the Tangible History programs, contact Kim Goss at

918/336-2491, ext. 104 or fphome@sbcglobal.net.

Chisholm Trail Museum to hostLiving History Event

The Chisholm Trail Museum will hold itsannual Living History event on Saturday,April 16, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Come seehow life on the frontier during thelate-nineteenth century was both hard andexciting. Admission is $2 per person but isfree for children five and under.

Numerous reenactors will camp on themuseum grounds, demonstrating the livesof lawmen, washerwomen, gunfighters,soldiers, and settlers. All will have storiesto tell.

Annie Oakley will be present, and a gun-fight can be witnessed. Capstone, the ma-gician, will be on hand, and Diablo, a moviehorse, will be available for kids to sit on.Overall, more than twenty-five individualsand groups will show life in the 1800s, of-fering activities to see and experience.

In addition, on April 15 a Student LivingHistory program will be held at the mu-seum site. This is always an educationalday for both students and teachers as wellas for staff and volunteers. Teachers inter-ested in bringing their students to this ac-tivity should call in advance to makearrangements.

Remember to mark your calendars forthese fun and educational events!

The Chisholm Trail Museum is operatedby the Oklahoma Historical Society and islocated at 605 Zellers Avenue in Kingfisher.Please call 405/375-5176 for moreinformation.

Pawnee Bill Ranch events inApril

On Tuesday, April 12, Pawnee Bill Ranchwill hold its monthly Quilt Block Class at6:30 p.m. Martha Ray will teach the classin the site’s conference room. Registrationfee is $5.

On Saturday, April 23, Pawnee BillRanch will host the Lions Club Easter EggHunt at 10 a.m. Hundreds of area childrenwill flock to the ranch to race for prize eggs.This tradition was started more than onehundred years ago when Pawnee Billhosted the event at his ranch. The PawneeBill Ranch staff is proud to continue thetradition of providing a wonderful place forfamilies to gather together and makemeaningful memories.

On Sunday, April 24, the Pawnee BillRanch will host its annual Easter SunriseService and Fundraiser Breakfast. Thisbeautiful, nondenominational, commu-nity-led service will be immediately fol-lowed by the Friends of Pawnee Bill RanchAssociation’s biggest fundraiser of the year.For $5, supporters can enjoy a breakfast ofeggs, ham, biscuits, gravy, and a beverage.The breakfast will be served in the museumconference room.

For information, call 918/762-2513 oremail pawneebill@okhistory.org.

PERIODICALS

Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi DriveOklahoma City, OK 73105-7917

ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED Vol. 42, No. 4 April 2011

Easter Egg Run at Pioneer Woman MuseumPioneer Woman Mu-

seum will host its thirdannual Easter Egg Runon Saturday, April 23, at2 p.m. Museum staffcurrently is acceptingdonations to support theevent. Individuals maydrop off empty, plasticEaster eggs and individ-ually wrapped candies atthe museum Tuesdaythrough Saturday from9 a.m. until 5 p.m.

The Easter Egg Run isfree to the public, andthe Easter Bunny will be

on hand for Easter photos to help raise funds. Every dollar raised will stay in PoncaCity to help defray costs at the museum.

Put on your best spring sunbonnet, ladies, and children bring your own baskets. Nosooners, please!

The museum is located at 701 Monument Road in Ponca City, just east of the inter-section of 14th and Highland/Lake Road. Please call 580/765-6108 for details.

Four selected for induction into theOklahoma Historians Hall of Fame

The Awards Committee of the Oklahoma Historical Societyhas selected four individuals to be inducted into the OklahomaHistorians Hall of Fame. They are Jim Argo, Edmond; SandieOlson, Waynoka; Juanita Jeanette Keel Tate, Ardmore; and AlTurner, Norman.

The induction ceremony will be held during the OHS AnnualAwards Luncheon at the Cherokee Strip Conference Center inEnid at 12:15 p.m., Friday, April 29. The cost of the luncheon is$18, and reservations for the luncheon must be made in advance. A letter of invitationand registration form has been sent to each member of the OHS. Non-members maypurchase luncheon reservations by contacting Alma Moore at 405/522-5242 or ShellyCrynes at 405/522-0317.

Argo moved from Texas to Oklahoma in 1963 where he became a nationally re-nowned photojournalist with the Daily Oklahoman and Oklahoma City Times. Duringthe next forty years he captured thousands of historically important images, includinghis photos of the aftermath of the bombing of the Murrah Building that were pub-lished worldwide. He also authored or coauthored five books on Oklahoma history.Argo has donated his massive personal photo collection of thousands of photos to thearchives of the Oklahoma Historical Society and has prepared an index to the images.

As president of the Waynoka Historical Society, Olson has worked tirelessly to pre-serve and share the history of Waynoka. She has raised more than $2.5 million forprojects undertaken by the society, including restoration of the one-hundred-year-oldHarvey House, the Santa Fe Depot, and the Waynoka Air-Rail Museum. The Waynokarailroad complex also features a railroad water tower, a diesel locomotive, a scalehouse, a 1904 pioneer log cabin, and a 1918 railroad section foreman’s house.

Born in Ardmore in 1910, Tate is a revered Chickasaw elder who has devoted alifetime to the preservation of Chickasaw and family history. As a child she becamea custodian of family memorabilia and as an adult used her skills as an artist topaint portraits of leading Chickasaw and Choctaw men and women and historicChickasaw structures. She became renowned as a researcher of Chickasaw familyhistory, and at age ninety-eight published her book Edmund Pickens(Okchantubby): First Elected Chickasaw Chief, His Life and Times.

Turner earned his Ph. D. in history from Oklahoma State University in 1977 andhas had a remarkable career as a history professor, an administrator, author, andpublic speaker. He retired from the position of dean, School of Humanities and SocialSciences and professor of history at East Central University, Ada, in 2006. He is theauthor or coauthor of seven books and monographs and has written chapters ineleven books. He has authored twenty-one articles in historical publications and hasspoken on historical subjects throughout Oklahoma.